兰郑长成品油管道兰郑段顺序输送的混油控制

阐述兰郑长成品油管道兰郑段概况,不同油品顺序输送形成混油的机理及混油浓度的分布规律,分析了导致兰郑段混油量增加的主要因素,包括初始混油和过站混油,流速变化、粘度差异、停输和地形起伏大等,管道不满流与流速陡增造成的混油。针对兰郑长成品油管道大落差地形的特点,提出了减低系统设计压力、采用变径管消能、压短混油段长度,合理安排顺序输送次序等减少混油的措施。     

成品油顺序输送混油浓度的计算分析研究

管输成品油的特点是顺序输送,采用顺序输送工艺,在输送过程中必然会产生混油,准确分析混油机理以及确定混油浓度的分布,对于顺序输送的管理和调度具有重要的意义。介绍了混油浓度的计算方法,通过计算实例对影响成品油顺序输送管道混油浓度的因素进行了分析和计算。提出了成品油管道输送过程中减少混油的措施。     

成品油管道顺序输送混油和调度研究

对成品油顺序输送中的混油和计划调度的研究,可以降低顺序输送的混油及能耗费用,还可以提高成品油管道顺序输送的经济性,我国的经济进入快速发展的阶段、人们对成品油的需求越来越多,然而我国现有的成品油管道顺序输送调度技术跟不上实际需要,在这方面国外已经有了很大的发展,国内与其还有一定的差距,本文重点介绍了成品油顺序输送的概念、混油的机理、混油的分布规律、混油处理以及影响混油的因素和相应的减少混油的措施,最后简单介绍了调度软件在具体管道中的应用。     

弯头直角管道顺序输送混油特性的数值模拟

通过多相流模型对成品油管道进行数值模拟,以汽油和柴油作为顺序输送对象,分别就直角弯管向上、直角弯管向下两种工况时研究输送顺序、重力、管径、粘滞力对混油的影响,研究结果表面:当直角弯管向上时前行柴油的混油量小于前行汽油的混油量,当油品运行到竖直管道时,前行柴油比前行汽油油品运行的缓慢,前行柴油混油的倾斜角度大于前行汽油混油的倾斜角度;当直角弯管向下时前行汽油的混油量小于前行柴油的混油量,前行汽油混油的倾斜角度大于前行柴油混油的倾斜角度。通过对比可以看出:直角弯管向上前行柴油时混油运行的最为缓慢。无论是前行汽油还是前行柴油管径越大混油量越小,当管径相等时前行柴油比前行汽油的混油长。该数值模拟与管道实际结果相一致。     

冷热原油顺序输送管内混油特性数值模拟

针对冷热原油顺序输送工艺,在已有混油理论基础上,建立了冷热原油顺序输送混油计算的数学模型,采用有限容积法进行了数值求解,对水平和竖直管内的混油特性进行了数值模拟和分析研究。结果表明,在水平管段,重力方向与管道轴向垂直,导致混油浓度在径向分布不对称;在竖直管段,重力方向与管道径向垂直,重力作用不会使得混油浓度在径向分布不对称,但在竖直管段,密度大的油品在上方时,混油量相对较大。     

基于PHOENICS的成品油顺序输送的混油的模拟

针对成品油顺序输送混油问题,利用CFD通用软件PHOENICS,采用紊流模型,使用壁面函数法处理固壁边界,对混油规律进行了数值计算,给出了混油浓度的分布,并分析了流速、输送次序、粘度等对混油的影响情况。结果表明：流速越大,混油的长度越短;前行油品的粘度越小,混油长度越短。本文的研究结果对于成品油的顺序输送工艺设计具有一定的参考价值。     

马广线高低硫原油输送混油量计算

针对油品顺序输送工艺的特点,分析了原油顺序输送产生混油的原因,选取了常用的混油量计算公式,结合实际运行情况,举例计算了正输、单泵接力、双泵接力三种工况下以沙特重质油后行顶前行马西拉油的混油量;并指出了如何对混油界面进行跟踪和切割;此外,选取高粘重质油种多巴原油,计算了沙特重油后行顶前行多巴油的在正输和单泵接力两种工况下混油量计算,验证了粘度较小的油品前行时混油量较小的结论。最后,给出了减少混油量的建议。     

机动管线顺序输送混油优化的数值模拟

应用FLUENT数值模拟软件,以质量输运方程为基础,采用紊流模型,使用VOF多相流模型,对DN100机动管线在不同倾角下的顺序输送问题进行模拟,分析了不同流速、不同输送次序和不同倾角对混油的影响.结果表明:混油段长度随流速增大而减小,随倾角变化不明显,且在倾斜管线输送时,柴油先行的混油段略长于喷气燃料先行的混油段.研究结果为后期实现混油切割提供了理论依据和指导.     

长输成品油管道顺序武输士坤送的混油切割与处理

通过对长输成品油管道顺序输送过程中混油形成的机理、混油界面的检测、混油段的切割以及混油接收后处理的描述,表明长输成品油管道顺序输送中的混油切割与处理是个复杂的过程,需要科学合理的制定混油切割及处理方案,在确保油品质量的前提下,提高企业经济效益。     

成品油顺序输送的混油机理及减少混油的措施浅析

在成品油外运输送方式中经常采用顺序输送的方式,顺序输送又带来了一个问题——混油的产生。本文重点论述了产生混油的机理、混油形成过程,在此基础上,对影响混油量的各种因素进行了详细分析,文章最后从工艺设计和正确操作两个方面给出了减少混油量的若干措施。     

偏心异径管冷热原油顺序输送混油特性数值模拟

冷热原油顺序输送过程中影响接触区内两种油品混油特性的因素诸多,如:流速、温度、油品物性、沿线长度、输油次序等.基于FLUENT软件仅对顺序输送过程中混油界面通过偏心异径管时的混油特性进行模拟分析.研究结果与等径管混油特性相比较并总结其变化规律,可应用于优化实际输送过程中的运行参数.     

原油污染地表的无伤害清理剂的合成与性能研究

对原油在地表污染后的清理进行了综述,发现目前对原油污染地表的清理都会对地表造成不同程度的伤害。在原有专利技术的基础上,研究了无污染处理原油在地表的污染,并合成了用于原油污染地表土的清理剂,该化合物不仅能够使原油在地表脱附,而且能防止粘土的吸水、吸油膨胀引起的土壤伤害。分离出的原油不会在水中分散从而形成难以分离的油水乳状液,避免因清洗原油而引起污染,达到无伤害处理原油污染地表土的目的。     

生物质修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

随着石油污染土壤问题的日益突出,对石油污染土壤修复的研究也越来越多。主要综述了畜禽粪便、园林废弃物、小麦秸秆等生物质在修复石油污染土壤方面的作用。对生物质的利用主要包括三种:直接施加到土壤上、和被石油污染的土壤进行生物堆肥以及经高温裂解得到生物炭来修复石油污染土壤。这几种方法都能够在一定程度上对石油污染土壤进行改善和修复。不过,这些方法都还只局限于实验室研究,还需要进一步研究将其应用于实际中。     

Factors Affecting Chemical Remediation of Oil Contaminated Water‐Wetted Soil

The removal of hydrocarbons from contaminated soil is an essential practice because of environmental concerns, and in order to avoid surface and groundwater contamination. There are different methods applied to remove the hydrocarbons from the soil environment. However, the efficiency of soil remediation depends on several factors, such as the penetration depth of the oil into the soil, the type of oil and polluted soil and the age and degree of contamination. Chemical extraction is one of the approaches employed in handling contaminated sites. Many operations in the petroleum exploration, production and transportation have the potential to affect the environment in different degrees. Leakages from pipelines and stranded oil spills are the major sources of oil‐contamination. If hydrocarbon contamination occurs in the soil, the affected portion of soil must be treated to prevent subsequent pollution of groundwater. In this study, a laboratory investigation of factors affecting the chemical extraction using different solvents was conducted to remove the hydrocarbon from artificially contaminated soil samples in presence of water. Moreover, two different types of crude oil were used to study the effect of oil composition on the removal process. The results have identified large variation in the removal efficiency of the applied solvents, depending mainly on the solvent and the type of oil. The main factors affecting the removal process are presented and investigated. In addition, these results were compared with those of dry soil samples.     

防止油井溢漏工艺技术研究

油水井在作业过程中常常遇到油管溢漏问题,即地层与井筒压力不平衡时,井底液体从油管、套管外溢或井筒内液体漏失。油井溢流使施工不能正常进行,严重影响作业周期,污染井场,致使油井不能按时施工;油井漏失会污染油层;在稠油、超稠油井中,压井液、洗井液进入地层,吸收井筒周围的热量,使井筒周围温度降低,转抽后开井困难。本文针对油田生产中存在的油井漏失问题,介绍了一种能够减少油井作业程序,防止压井液、洗井液进入地层以及地层内的液体进入井筒的作业管柱,实现了注汽、采油一体化,采用该工艺管柱后,可减少作业工序和作业时间,降低作业费用,防止环境污染。     

燃油碳烟颗粒的表面特性与润滑油黏度行为

发动机燃油碳烟颗粒不可避免地会进入润滑油中,引起润滑油黏度的增长,从而影响发动机的润滑特性和使用性能。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、全自动微孔物理吸附和化学吸附分析仪、光学法接触角/界面张力仪、Zeta电位仪等仪器,对比分析了生物质燃油碳烟颗粒(BS)和0^#柴油碳烟颗粒(DS)的表面特性,探讨了BS和DS对液体石蜡(LP,润滑油基础油的模拟物)和碳烟分散体系的黏度的影响及碳烟表面特性对黏度的影响机理。结果表明,40℃时油品的相对黏度随碳烟浓度的增加呈指数函数增加,并且相同碳烟浓度下DS污染的油品相对黏度更大,高浓度碳烟污染的油品呈明显剪切稀化行为,DS污染的LP的黏度受剪切转速的影响更大。BS和DS表面主要元素是碳和氧,且BS氧含量高于DS,表面均带有一些含氧官能团。 表面特性分析显示,DS的比表面积大于BS,表面能高于BS,亲油性弱于BS,致使DS在LP中比BS更易团聚成大颗粒,这是DS对润滑油黏度的影响大于BS的主要原因。     

Removal of dioxins and PCB from fish oil by activated carbon and its influence on the nutritional quality of the oil

Fish oils are well-known sources of nutritionally valuable components such as the n-3 FA EPA and DHA as well as the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E. However, some fish oils can be contaminated with considerable amounts of dioxins and dioxin-like PCB. The most important challenge during fish oil refining is to remove these contaminants without altering the levels fining is to remove these contaminants without altering the levels of nutritionally valuable compounds and the oxidative status and stability of the oil. Treatment with an apolar adsorbent, e.g., activated carbon (AC), seems to be the most efficient process today. Very little information about the adsorption of different dioxin and PCB congeners is available. Four grades of AC were evaluated for their efficiency in removing these compounds. In addition, the effects of the treatment on the nutritional and oxidative quality of the oil were evaluated. After treatment of contaminated cod liver oil [5.4 ppt toxic equivalents (TEQ) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), 18.1 ppt TEQ dioxin-like PCB] with 0.5% AC, almost all PCDD/F and up to 80% of the dioxin-like PCB could be removed. AC showed low affinity for mono-ortho PCB (<30% removal), which could be explained by their noncoplanar structure. Removal efficiencies were dependent on the grade and percentage of AC used. The treatment of contaminated cod liver oil caused no important effects on oil quality or FA composition in the conditions tested.     

The effect of fuel oil on color of refined cottonseed oil

Conclusions Refined cottonseed oil contaminated with fuel oil has its color and the color of its bleach increased, the amount of increase in color being dependent upon the amount and type of fuel oil. Both the yellow and bleached oils when contaminated with fuel oil have fluorescent appearance. By comparing the color and fluorescent appearance of the yellow and bleached shipping sample of cottonseed with that of the destination sample, the presence of mineral oil contamination can be detected.