机器人立体视觉中摄像机的标定

针对机器人立体视觉标定问题,提出一种介于传统标定法和自标定法之间的摄像机标定方法。与传统方法相比,将内参数、畸变参数与外参数分别标定。首先根据张氏平面标定法求出内参数;其次在考虑透镜径向畸变的基础上求出畸变参数;最后重点探讨在摄像机带有运动的情况下外参数的标定方法,避免了在原有标定环境下摄像机运动时需要重新标定的问题。实验依据传统标定的模板原理,结合双目立体视觉模型,验证了该种分离标定方法的可行性。     

基于畸变校正的双目立体摄像机线性标定

利用透视变换原理建立双目立体摄像机数学模型,全面考虑了镜头的径向畸变和切向畸 变,提出一种线性求解摄像机参数的标定方法,改变了以往的摄像机标定依赖于非线性优化的缺点,避免了非线性优化的不稳定性.该标定方法在单摄像机模型的基础上,加入对双摄像机相对位置的确定,通过成像过程中坐标系之间的转换,较好地实现了双目立体摄像测量系...     

基于一阶径向畸变算法的双目摄像机多位姿标定方法

双目立体视觉中在对物体进行三维测量或精准定位时,需要对摄像机进行标定以获得其内外参数。研究径向畸变摄像机模型,构造了基于一阶径向畸变（RAC）算法的双目摄像机内外参数线性求解公式。考虑侧倾角、旋转角、俯仰角以及透镜的主要畸变因素,修正了传统RAC标定法中只考虑径向畸变、部分参数需要先验值的缺陷。利用标定所得内、外参数进行了多位姿双目摄像机三维重构实验。实验结果表明,该标定方法重投影误差分布在[-0.3,0.3],动态识别结果与实际运行轨迹重合率为96%,对降低双目立体视觉三维测量误差率有积极性影响。     

双目立体视觉传感器的现场标定技术

双目立体视觉传感器在机器视觉和三维测量中有着广泛的应用。其中测量精度是一个很重要的因素,尤其是在三维测量中,高测量精度的要求使得传感器的标定显得尤为重要。该文提出了一种双目立体视觉传感器的现场标定方法,不仅提高了标定精度,还避免了离线标定中大量的重复性劳动,同时也研究了摄像机镜头畸变的问题。实验结果表明,此方法能够得到满意的标定精度。     

基于Matlab与Opencv的视差图获取研究

立体视觉技术是计算机视觉领域的经典课题,双目立体视觉是立体视觉领域的热点。本文首先介绍了常用的摄像机标定方法,选取了基于平面模板的标定方法,应用Matlab标定工具箱对左右摄像机同时拍摄的10组照片进行角点提取,双目标定等工作。最后将标定结果导入Opencv进行极线校正和立体匹配,应用立体匹配算法SGBM生成视差图。     

基于粒子群算法的双目立体视觉系统标定

摄像机标定是立体视觉系统研究的重要组成部分,针对双目立体视觉系统中摄像机标定这一多参数、复杂函数的优化问题,建立带有一阶径向畸变的摄像机模型,利用粒子群算法对模型中的参数进行优化处理,并同改进遗传算法的优化结果进行比较分析。实验结果表明该方法具有较高的精度,可满足工业机器视觉的要求。     

双目视觉的立体标定方法

为实现双目视觉系统的立体标定,分析了摄像机成像模型,并充分考虑了透镜的径向畸变和切向畸变,提出了一种新的立体标定算法。该算法利用张正友的灵活标定算法,初步求取摄像机的内参数,结合Brown算法并提取图像中角点的子像素级坐标,精确求取摄像机内参数和畸变向量。为方便后续的图像校正,基于前面的单个摄像机标定,通过计算空间中的景物点在左右摄像机成像平面上的位置关系,计算出双目视觉系统中两个摄像机之间的旋转矩阵R和平移向量T,从而实现了立体标定。实验结果表明,该算法能取得较高的精度,可以应用于双目视觉系统。     

基于直线射影特征的摄像机参数标定方法

对于精度要求高、成本低或使用广角镜头的系统,在标定摄像机参数时需要校正镜头畸变.通常在摄像机标定算法中,镜头畸变参数的校正和摄像机参数求解都结合在一起,增加了算法的复杂性,并且依赖标定模板.针对以上问题,提出了一种新的标定方法,即不需要标定模板,也不需要确定空间点的精确坐标.首先通过直线的射影不变性校正镜头畸变参数,再...     

双目立体视觉系统的非线性模型建立

构建实用的立体视觉系统及选用适合的系统模型是立体视觉研究的基础和重要内容。对双目立体视觉系统的结构形式进行分析和比较,采用相交光轴的结构形式构建立体视觉实验系统;推导双CCD摄像机系统的数学模型,在系统模型中考虑非线性径向畸变因素的影响,该数学模型可直接用于立体视觉系统的摄像机标定。     

双目摄像头立体视觉标定及畸变校正研究

为了提高立体视觉系统中的精度,本文提出了一种基于显隐的畸变校正模型。首先在世界坐标中对双目摄像头进行立体标定,然后采用基于显隐的畸变校正模型对双目摄像头采集的图像进行处理,实验结果表明,本文提出的一种基于显隐的畸变校正模型切实有效,且效果良好。     

适用于动态对焦的高精度灵活标定方法*

处于动态对焦过程及不同对焦状态下的相机内参会不断变化.文中通过在镜头对焦环上加装角度传感器的方式,提出基于动态对焦过程以主距增量为参数的相机模型,实现任意对焦状态和距离下相机内参数的求解.利用定制的三平面立体标定靶,设计一种高鲁棒性的标定方法.与传统模型相比,该模型基本未增加额外约束条件,可操作性较强.实验表明,文中模型及相应标定方法具有更强的图像校正能力,从而提高摄影测量精度.     

机器视觉中的摄像机定标方法综述

回顾了机器视觉中的各种摄像机定标方法，对各种方法进行介绍、分析，并提出了定标方法的发展方向的新思路。     

摄像机标定方法的建模与仿真研究

研究摄像机定位优化控制问题,摄像机镜头存在多种非线性畸变,对标定路径和图像质量产生一定的影响,难以采用精确数学模型来描述,针对传统方法的摄像机标定准确率低。为了提高摄像机的标定准确率,利用LSSVM较好的处理非线性预测能力,建立一种PSO-LSSVM的摄像机标定模型。将摄像头采集到的图像坐标作为输入,将世界坐标作为输出,通过采用LSSVM精确逼近输入与输出的复杂非线性关系,采用PSO寻找LSSVM最优参数,提高标定准确率。通过标定模型进行对比实验,实验结果表明,PSO-LSSVM不仅加快标定速度,且提高了摄像机标定的准确率。     

基于直线投影特征的镜头畸变校正方法

针对摄像机镜头畸变校正方法的简便和快速问题,设计了基于直线投影特征的校正方法。介绍了镜头主要畸变产生原因和畸变模型;给出直线三点在理想投影下的关系,确定了适应度函数,利用遗传算法得到了畸变参数组最优解。基于matlab软件编写校正程序,并进行了实验验证。实验表明,利用畸变参数组的最优解能够实现图像畸变校正,效果较好。该标定方法只需场景内有直线存在即可实现对摄像机镜头畸变参数校正,方法所需实验条件简单,程序简便,便于现场快速校正。     

Non-goal scene analysis for soccer video

The broadcast soccer video is usually recorded by one main camera, which is constantly gazing somewhere of playfield where a highlight event is happening. So the camera parameters and their variety have close relationship with semantic information of soccer video, and much interest has been caught in camera calibration for soccer video. The previous calibration methods either deal with goal scene, or have strict calibration conditions and high complexity. So, it does not properly handle the non-goal scene such as midfield or center-forward scene. In this paper, based on a new soccer field model, a field symbol extraction algorithm is proposed to extract the calibration information. Then a two-stage calibration approach is developed which can calibrate camera not only for goal scene but also for non-goal scene. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate its robustness and accuracy.     

Multi-camera calibration based on an invariant pattern

In this paper we present a method for the calibration of multiple cameras based on the extraction and use of the physical characteristics of a one-dimensional invariant pattern which is defined by four collinear markers. The advantages of this kind of pattern stand out in two key steps of the calibration process. In the initial step of camera calibration methods, related to sample points capture, the proposed method takes advantage of using a new technique for the capture and recognition of a robust sample of projective invariant patterns, which allows to capture simultaneously more than one invariant pattern in the tracking area and recognize each pattern individually as well as each marker that composes them. This process is executed in real time while capturing our sample of calibration points in the cameras of our system. This new feature allows to capture a more numerous and robust set of sample points than other patterns used for multi-camera calibration methods. In the last step of the calibration process, related to camera parameters' optimization, we explore the collinearity feature of the invariant pattern and add this feature in the camera parameters optimization model. This approach obtains better results in the computation of camera parameters. We present the results obtained with the calibration of two multi-camera systems using the proposed method and compare them with other methods from the literature.     

A variational approach to problems in calibration of multiple cameras

This paper addresses the problem of calibrating camera parameters using variational methods. One problem addressed is the severe lens distortion in low-cost cameras. For many computer vision algorithms aiming at reconstructing reliable representations of 3D scenes, the camera distortion effects will lead to inaccurate 3D reconstructions and geometrical measurements if not accounted for. A second problem is the color calibration problem caused by variations in camera responses that result in different color measurements and affects the algorithms that depend on these measurements. We also address the extrinsic camera calibration that estimates relative poses and orientations of multiple cameras in the system and the intrinsic camera calibration that estimates focal lengths and the skew parameters of the cameras. To address these calibration problems, we present multiview stereo techniques based on variational methods that utilize partial and ordinary differential equations. Our approach can also be considered as a coordinated refinement of camera calibration parameters. To reduce computational complexity of such algorithms, we utilize prior knowledge on the calibration object, making a piecewise smooth surface assumption, and evolve the pose, orientation, and scale parameters of such a 3D model object without requiring a 2D feature extraction from camera views. We derive the evolution equations for the distortion coefficients, the color calibration parameters, the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the cameras, and present experimental results.     

一种新的摄像机线性标定方法

计算机视觉中,在对景物进行定量分析或对物体进行精确定位时,都需要进行摄像机标定,即准确确定摄影机的内部参数和外部参数,因此寻找新的快速有效的摄像机标定计算方法是计算机视觉应用中的一个重要问题。为也快速有效地进行摄像机的标定,并针对常用的带有一阶径向畸变的摄像机模型,提出了一种线性求解摄像机参数的标定方法,它可分步标定各参数,且全部采用线性方法求解,从而避免了非线性优化中的不稳定性,使得算法更为实用,简单快捷。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的标定精度,是一种实用的标定方法。     

基于OpenCV的改进两步法摄像机标定

采用改进两步法实现了摄像机的标定,并给出基于OpenCV算法,充分发挥了OpenCV的函数库功能。对两步标定法的改进是在原两步法得到摄像机参数值的基础上,用非线性优化算法对所有参数进一步优化,得到最终参数值,既提高了摄像机标定精度和计算效率,又无需对摄像机像面中心预标定,简化了标定过程。     

Accurate Camera Calibration from Multi-View Stereo and Bundle Adjustment

The advent of high-resolution digital cameras and sophisticated multi-view stereo algorithms offers the promise of unprecedented geometric fidelity in image-based modeling tasks, but it also puts unprecedented demands on camera calibration to fulfill these promises. This paper presents a novel approach to camera calibration where top-down information from rough camera parameter estimates and the output of a multi-view-stereo system on scaled-down input images is used to effectively guide the search for additional image correspondences and significantly improve camera calibration parameters using a standard bundle adjustment algorithm (Lourakis and Argyros 2008). The proposed method has been tested on six real datasets including objects without salient features for which image correspondences cannot be found in a purely bottom-up fashion, and objects with high curvature and thin structures that are lost in visual hull construction even with small errors in camera parameters. Three different methods have been used to qualitatively assess the improvements of the camera parameters. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is publicly available at Furukawa and Ponce (2008b).