基于TEASE管道技术的异构网络垂直切换安全认证算法

基于WLAN和UMTS构建的异构网络模型,提出一种适合该模型的垂直切换安全认证算法,用临时管道密钥(TTK)对数据进行加密,在接收端再用TTK进行数据解密。用平均切换次数、传输时延和丢包率三个指标评价所提出算法的性能。与已有垂直切换算法进行性能比较,其结果表明,提出的算法能有效减少切换次数,消除乒乓效应,减少传输时延和丢包率,可为实时业务所需的无缝切换提供有力保障。     

一种无线异构网络的自适应垂直切换算法

针对移动节点在异构网络间切换性能不理想的问题,提出了一种自适应主动预测的垂直切换算法。采用一种面向当前应用程序的代价函数对可接入网络进行评估与选择;根据稳定周期、移动节点的运动速度及所处位置来自动调整切换执行时间,使移动节点能自适应地进行切换判决。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地减少切换延迟、分组丢失及切换次数,提高系统的切换性能,改善业务的QoS。     

异构无线网络中TCP Vegas算法的研究与改进

异构无线网络是将不同接入技术、不同性能的网络融合到一起构成的单个逻辑网络。异构无线网络中,TCP端到端的拥塞控制机制对网络的健壮性和稳定性具有非常重要的作用,因此是网络研究的一个热点问题。针对异构无线网络中移动节点发生垂直切换时传输层性能下降的特点,提出了一种基于TCP Vegas的传输层拥塞控制算法B-Evegas。给出了垂直切换发生时的传输控制方法,垂直切换后拥塞窗口的恢复采用带宽估计与分段增加策略,并引入了快速恢复机制,在拥塞窗口过大时根据链路的时延指数性地减小拥塞窗口。仿真结果表明,该算法是合理的,可以有效提高垂直切换发生后TCP连接的吞吐量或者减小数据包的传输时延。     

An Efficient Handoff Decision Algorithm for Vertical Handoff Between WWAN and WLAN

Vertical handoff is one significant challenge for mobility management in heterogeneous wireless networks. Compared with horizontal handoff, vertical handoff involves different wireless network technologies varying widely in terms of bandwidth, delay, coverage area, power consumption, etc. In this paper, we analyze the signal strength model of mobile node and present a new vertical handoff decision algorithm. This algorithm can adapt to the change of mobile node＇s velocity and improve the handoff efficiency significantly. We analyze the algorithm＇s performance and the effect of different parameters on handoff triggering. In addition, we propose three performance evaluation models and verify the algorithm＇s feasibility and effectiveness in simulations.     

基于运动趋势的自适应垂直切换算法及其性能评价

采用不同的无线接入技术的多种网络的融合可以提高无线传输性能,为移动用户提供随时随地的网络连接.垂直切换是异构无线网络相互融合的基础.在垂直切换过程中,切换判定是一个非常重要的环节,直接决定切换性能.文中给出了常用的迟滞电平算法和驻留定时器算法中切换判定条件的形式化表达,并对其进行了性能分析.在此基础上,提出了一种自适应的垂直切换算法,通过分析节点的运动趋势,自适应地调节切换触发条件,有效提高垂直切换性能.所涉及的运算均为初等计算,算法简单,适用于低能量、低运算能力的移动设备.仿真实验表明,该算法的综合性能优于迟滞电平算法和驻留定时器算法.     

基于等效SINR的VLC与WiFi垂直切换算法

针对室内可见光异构通信网络中,现有切换算法无法感知不同网络服务质量,不能保证用户始终获得最优网络服务的问题,提出一种基于等效SINR的VLC（visible light communication,可见光通信）与WiFi垂直切换算法。算法将达到相同最大传输速率作为转换条件,把VLC SINR转换为等效的WiFi SINR,在此基础上实现切换触发和判决。首先,根据目标网络和服务网络SINR差值与设定切换门限的对比结果进行切换触发;然后,考虑到VLC易受遮挡干扰影响的特点,引入驻留定时器进行切换判决,保证判决准确性。仿真实验表明,该切换算法能保证用户接入到提供最大传输速率的网络中,并且对于不同VLC网络布设和室内光环境影响都具有较好的适应性,更加适合室内融合VLC异构通信网络。     

异构无线网络中垂直切换算法的评测与改进

垂直切换作为多网融合的基础,受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注.目前,相关工作主要集中于垂直切换算法的研究.但由于各种算法用于自身验证的仿真评测环境各不相同,因此无法公平地予以对比.从节点运动模型出发,提出了一组适合垂直切换算法的仿真评价模型.基于所提出的仿真评价模型,对常用的迟滞电平算法和驻留定时器算法进行了性能分析.在此基础上,提出了一种自适应垂直切换算法(self-adaptive vertical handoff algorithm,简称SAVA).仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高垂直切换的性能.     

移动互联异构网络下多终端协同的垂直切换决策算法

针对移动互联网用户的多终端协同的垂直切换问题,提出一种UMTS与WLAN异构网络环境下的多终端协同的垂直切换决策算法,其包含切换时间判断与多终端协同算法。首先利用模糊逻辑判断网络切换时机,然后综合考虑主观因素和客观因素,采用AHP（Analytic Hierarchy Process）合理定义权值并结合TOPSIS（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution）实现不同接入策略的性能评价,为用户提供最佳QoE（Quality of Experience）的多终端协同方案。实验结果表明：所提方法和基于迟滞算法相比,切换次数平均降低7.9次,切换失败率平均降低2.25%;网络选择结果与应用需求和用户需求保持较好的一致性。实现了多终端协同用户在异构网络环境下高效实时的垂直切换。     

面向异构网的呼叫控制体系研究

促进多网融合是下一代网络工作的主要研究方向,如何把握切换时机,在异构网络中进行准确切换是保证用户获取最佳的通信质量的核心.提出了基于无线局域网即有资源以及用户所出位置决定切换策略的机制,对用户的移动进行预测,能够掌握较为准确的切换时机,在两个不同模式的网络之间进行切换.在此机制下,可以根据用户个性化的数据,计算获得根据新呼叫失败概率以及呼叫切换失败概率数据,从而为切换提供理论数据.通过仿真实验表明了新切换机制的有效性.     

基于Mobile IP的异构网络系统切换方法的研究

针对当前3G网络的发展和无线局域网（Wlan）的兴起,研究了Wlan和3G网络的集成架构和混合异构网络的垂直切换管理。引入Mobile IP技术来达到无缝漫游,同时提出了多接入网络环境下检测Wlan信号强度的异构网间切换方法,并根据延时和中断时间来分析切换方法的性能。试验结果表明该切换方法能够及时有效地改进异构网络的切换效率。     

异构网络中基于排队策略的信道分配研究

为满足特定用户的带宽需求,提出了一种改进垂直切换方案,将优先排队策略引入到垂直切换中。此方案的目的在于在优先满足特定用户的需求的条件下,研究整个系统的性能变化及对其他一般用户的影响。仿真结果表明,方案在优先保证特定用户需求的同时对其他用户阻塞率的影响较小,系统信道利用率较高。     

异构无线网络垂直切换技术

随着各种异构无线网络的相继出现,多种无线网络融合基础的垂直切换技术受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。因此,下一代无线网络(Next Generation Wireless Networks,NGWN)必须支持垂直切换技术以保证用户从一个网络切换到另一个网络或从一种传输媒体切换到另一种传输媒体时仍然保持已有通信的连续性。本文对目前垂直切换技术的基本思想及存在难点进行简要分析,同时引入一种使用多种判决因子的垂直切换判决策略,并对其核心思想及切换过程进行分析。     

Experimental Evaluation of TCP-Probing in Mobile Networks

Performance of standard TCP is significantly degraded during hand-off periods of mobile communications. We show here that carefully designed probing mechanisms can cancel this incompetent behavior of TCP. We compare TCP Tahoe and Reno with TCP-Probing under various scenarios of hand-off duration, propagation delay and mobility conditions of the user. We measure the goodput efficiency of data transfer as well as the energy efficiency of the protocols' mechanisms in terms of overhead and time. Our results show that TCP-Probing demonstrates significant gains in both energy and throughput efficiency by avoiding unnecessary timeout extensions and retransmission of data which is likely to be lost during hand-offs.     

A new structure adaptation algorithm for RBF networks and its application

An adaptation algorithm is developed for radial basis function network (RBFN) in this paper. The RBFN is adapted on-line for both model structure and parameters with measurement data. When the RBFN is used to model a non-linear dynamic system, the structure is adapted to model abrupt change of system operating region, while the weights are adapted to model the incipient time varying parameters. Two new algorithms are proposed for adding new centres while the redundant centres are pruned, which is particularly useful for model-based control. The developed algorithm is evaluated by modelling a numerical example and a chemical reactor rig. The performance is compared with a non-adaptive model.     

异构无线系统中一种改进的垂直切换方案

针对异构无线系统垂直切换需要综合考虑多种因素的特点,提出了一种改进的垂直切换方案。方案首先考虑网络费用,对原方案的代价函数进行改进。然后根据电池电量,分别采用不同的切换方法。最后将切换语音呼叫留在原网络,以达到减小频繁切换的目的。仿真结果表明,本方案较原方案很好的减小了系统阻塞率、平均切换次数和平均通话费用,有效提高了系统性能,具有现实意义。     

Awareness and handoffs in home care: coordination among informal caregivers

Informal caregivers, such as family members and friends, are important for maintaining the health and wellness of the elderly and the chronically ill. However, the complexity of informal caregiving has been under-studied in prior research. In this study, we attempt to answer two main questions – what makes the coordination of patient care so difficult among multiple informal caregivers, and what are the challenges that should be considered in designing technologies to facilitate informal care coordination? To answer these questions, we conducted a qualitative interview study with 15 individuals with caregiving experience. The findings of the study identified the main challenges faced by caregivers in maintaining awareness, coordinating handoffs among informal caregivers, and easing tensions among caregivers and patients. These findings revealed considerations unique for informal caregiver coordination, and helped inform the design of technologies to support the care coordination.     

无线传感器网络能量异构非均匀分簇路由协议

基于分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议,采用多跳路由方式传输数据至基站,容易造成靠近基站的节点转发大量数据而过早失效。另外,分簇协议通常假定网络节点是能量同构的,不能有效解决节点能量异构的问题。因此,从非均匀分簇的角度出发,结合局部竞争簇首机制,提出了一种基于能量异构的分簇协议（EHUC）。仿真结果表明该协议能够有效应用于能量异构的无线传感器网络,并延长网络的生命周期。     

Dynamic adaptation of CSMA/CA MAC protocol for wide area wireless mesh networks

Though the popular IEEE 802.11 DCF is designed primarily for Wireless LAN (WLAN) environments, today it is being widely used for wide area wireless mesh networking. The protocol parameters of IEEE 802.11 such as timeout values, interframe spaces, and slot durations, sufficient for a general WLAN environment, need to be modified in order to efficiently operate in wide area wireless mesh networks. The current wide area wireless mesh network deployments use manual configuration of these parameters to the upper limit which essentially makes the networks operate at lower system efficiency. In this paper, we propose d802.11 (dynamic 802.11) which dynamically adapts the protocol parameters in order to operate at varying link distances. In fact, in 802.11, a transmitter can face ACK/CTS timeout even when it started receiving ACK/CTS packet before the timeout value. We present three strategies, (i) multiplicative timer backoff (MTB), (ii) additive timer backoff (ATB), and (iii) link RTT memoization (LRM), to adapt the ACK_TIMEOUT in d802.11 in order to provide better adaptation for varying link dimensions. Through extensive simulation experiments we observed significant performance improvement for the proposed strategies. We also theoretically modeled the maximum link throughput as a function of the link dimension for the proposed system. Our results show that the LRM technique provides the best adaptation compared to all other schemes.     

异构感知数据的动态适配接入方法

开放地理空间信息联盟的传感器网整合框架（ SWE）定义了异构传感器统一描述标准,却未定义底层的异构数据接入该框架的过程,导致不同类型的感知数据接入时需要人工提供不同的数据接入方式。针对以上问题,设计了异构传感器信息模型（ HSIM）,描述了传感器的自身属性、观测能力等特征,同时概括了传感器数据结构和数据传输协议的特征;提出了一种异构感知数据动态适配接入方法,该方法通过动态生成适配器实现异构感知数据的自动解析和接入SWE的过程。气象异构数据适配接入系统表明：该方法能够在较少的人工干预下实现物理传感器与虚拟传感器异构感知数据的自动解析与接入,为异构感知数据动态集成提供了高效率的解决方案。     

无线异构网络环境下的MIPv6集成切换框架*

针对多接口移动节点在无线异构网络环境下的切换问题,将移动IPv6水平切换与垂直切换相结合,提出了一个无线异构网络环境下的移动IPv6集成切换框架,使移动节点在网络侧实体的支持下能够自主选择切换目标网络并进行水平或垂直切换。为改进移动IPv6的切换性能,为该框架设计了水平及垂直切换协议,并进行了实验验证。