橡胶含量对ABS成品性能的影响

以橡胶含量为40％和60％的丙烯腈—丁二烯——苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)粉料分别与苯乙烯，丙烯腈共聚物掺混造粒，制备一系列不同橡胶含量的ABS成品，分析了不同橡胶含量ABS成品性能，比较了高橡胶含量和低橡胶含量的ABS粉料对成品性能的影响。研究结果发现，在橡胶含量相同的情况下，使用高橡胶含量的ABS粉料，成品的力学性能较为优异。     

Influence of rubber content in ABS in wide range on the mechanical properties and morphology of PC/ABS blends with different composition

A series of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) with different rubber content were prepared by diluting ABS grafting copolymer containing 60% rubber with a styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer. ABS prepared were blended with bisphenol‐A‐polycarbonate (PC) at the ratio of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 to prepare PC/ABS blends. Influence of rubber content in ABS on the properties of ABS and PC/ABS blends were investigated. PC/ABS blends with different compositions got good toughness when the rubber in ABS increased to the level that ABS itself got good toughness. The tensile properties and processability of PC/ABS blends decreased with the increase of the total rubber content introduced into the blends. ABS with the rubber content of 30 wt% is most suitable to be used to prepare PC/ABS blends. The rubber content in ABS affected the viscosity of ABS, and subsequently the viscosity ratio of PC to ABS. As a result, the morphology of PC/ABS blends varied. The increase of rubber content in ABS results in finer structure of PC/ABS blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1476–1484, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂结构与性能的影响

采用乳液技术在聚丁二烯(PB)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)乳胶粒子上接枝共聚苯乙烯和丙烯腈合成了PB质量分数为60％的ABS接枝粉料,将其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN树脂)熔融共混获得了一系列不同组成和结构的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂),研究了橡胶粒子粒径对ABS树脂的形态结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明,PB和SBR橡胶粒子的粒径分别为0.3μm和0.05 μm左右时,橡胶粒子的粒径对ABS树脂力学性能的影响十分显著.单独采用小拉径SBR橡胶粒子不能有效地增韧SAN树脂,而大粒径PB橡胶粒子对SAN树脂具有良好的增韧效果.     

Influence of ABS type on morphology and mechanical properties of PC/ABS blends

The morphology and the mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC) blends with different acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) materials were investigated. PC/ABS blends based on a mass-made ABS with 16% rubber and large (0.5–1μm) rubber particles are compared to blends based on an emulsion-made ABS with 50% rubber and small, monodisperse (0.12 μm) rubber particles over the full range of blend compositions. The blends with the bulk ABS showed excellent impact strength for most compositions, and those containing 50 and 70% PC exhibited ductile to brittle transition temperatures below that of PC. The blends with the emulsion ABS showed excellent toughness in sharp notch Izod impact tests at room temperature and in standard notch Izod impact tests at low temperatures near the T_g of the rubber. By melt blending the various ABS materials with a styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN 25) copolymer, materials with lower rubber concentrations were obtained. These materials were used in blends with PC to make comparisons at constant rubber concentration of 5, 10, and 15%. The results of this investigation show that brittle ABS materials can produce tough PC–ABS blends. It is apparent that small rubber particles toughen PC–ABS blends at lower rubber concentrations and at lower temperatures than is possible with large rubber particles. However, additional work is needed to understand the nature of toughening in these PC–ABS blends with different rubber phase morphologies. It is of particular interest to understand the exceptional ductility of some of the blends at low temperatures. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Morphological,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of bulk‐made ABS resins toughened by high‐cis polybutadiene rubber

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resins with various rubber contents were prepared by applying nickel catalyzed high‐cis polybutadiene rubber (BR9004) as toughening agent via bulk polymerization. The influence of rubber content and its characteristics on the morphology, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of ABS resins were investigated. The relevant performance parameters were also evaluated and compared with a commercial injection grade resin (ABS‐8434). The results show that each synthesized resin generally contains some irregular microsized particles with a certain amount of subinclusions besides the analogous “sea‐island” morphology to ABS‐8434. The subinclusions considerably enhance the volume fraction of rubber phase; this leads to an increasing maximum loss tangent (tan δ) value, a decreasing storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T_g) of rubber phase. Besides, the higher grafting degree can not only produce a higher T_g of grafted copolymer but also improve the compatibility of rubber phase with matrix. Based on the performance measurements andfractography, the final product with a rubber content of 9.3% reveals ductile fracture behavior and excellent comprehensive properties far superior to ABS‐8434 due to combined shear yielding and massive crazing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

高性能ABS界面形态力学性能研究

用S-3000N扫描电镜观察了高耐热、高流动性、高抗冲击性能等ABS界面形态,并确定了增溶剂在两相所起的作用并对高性能ABS的力学性能做了对比.     

Glycidyl-terminated polyurethane modified epoxy resins: Mechanical properties,adhesion properties,and morphology

Glycidol was used to convert the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer to glycidyl-terminated polyurethane prepolymer. The modified polyurethane not only offers some distinct advantages over the commercial polyurethane prepolymer, but also enhances the properties of the epoxy resins. The glycidyl-terminated polyurethane modified epoxy resin proved to be superior to conventional epoxy resins in improving impact strength, fracture energy, and adhesion properties. The compatibility of the compounds in this glycidyl-terminated PU/epoxy system was investigated using different preparation procedures. It was found that the synthesized glycidyl-terminated polyurethane prereacted with curing agents, exhibited a lesser degree of phase separation, and can influence the mechanical properties of polymer blends. The results coincide with the phenomena observed in dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning election microscopy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

改性粘土对天然橡胶纳米复合材料形态及流变特性的影响

采用3种有机改性剂分别对无机粘土进行改性,然后通过熔融共混制得了天然橡胶(NR)/有机粘土纳米复合材料。通过热重分析(TGA)和X-射线衍射(XRD)表征了粘土的有机改性程度。用扫描电镜(SEM)和流变手段表征了纳米复合材料的形态和流变特性。结果表明,含有2条长烷基链和含有2个羟乙基官能团的改性剂对粘土具有更好的改性效果,但由于羟乙基官能团具有强极性,与非极性的NR相容性差,导致有机粘土在基体中大量团聚。各纳米复合材料的储能模量在低频区表现出不同程度的"二次平台"或者"上翘",在时间扫描过程中随着时间变化表现出不同的结构演变。     

The influence of viscosity and composition of ABS on the ABS/SBS blend morphology and properties

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) shows excellent impact resistance and good stiffness. The incorporation of thermoplastic elastomer into ABS may consist in an interesting approach to further improve the toughness of ABS, in addition to tuning its compatibility with reinforcements. Blends of ABS and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) were obtained by extrusion from different types of ABS with different SBS contents. The results showed that morphology and mechanical behavior of ABS/SBS blends depend strongly on the composition and characteristics of ABS matrix. An increase in elongation at break and slight decrease in modulus could be observed by increasing SBS content. ABS/SBS blend possessing good dispersion of rubber particles with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 μm of rubber particles exhibited the better performance of the impact resistance, whereas blends showing a predominance of relatively large particles resulted on poorer mechanical properties. These results suggest that viscosity and composition of ABS matrix play a significant role on the dispersion and coalescence of the dispersed phase during mixing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47075.     

Ternary nylon-6/rubber/modified rubber blends: Effect of the mixing procedure on morphology, mechanical and impact properties

Ternary polyamide-based blends have been prepared by adding to nylon-6 (PA6) an ethylene-propylene random copolymer (EPM) and the same EPM functionalized by inserting onto its backbone maleic anhydride groups (EPM-g-SA). Two kinds of processing have been used: (a) one-step mixing in which the three components were simultaneously introduced in the mixer; (b) two-step mixing in which the two rubbers EPM and EPM-g-SA were separately premixed before the final mixing with PA6. Also binary PA6/EPM-g-SA blends have been prepared to compare their properties with those of the ternary one.

Mechanical tensile characterization at room temperature and impact Izod tests at different temperatures as well as a morphological analysis of smoothed samples have been performed on all the blends. It has been shown by a model reaction that both in binary and ternary blends an EPM-g-PA6 graft copolymer is formed, which acts as an interfacial agent between the rubbery dispersed phase and the polyamide matrix. The blends obtained by the one-step mixing showed a gross morphology and a very poor impact resistance, whereas the ones prepared by the two-step mixing exhibited very fine morphologies and excellent impact performances. In addition, as shown at least in the case of one ternary blend, there seems to be good morphological stability of these materials after a second processing. This has been attributed to the influence of the interfacial agent formed during the melt mixing of the two premixed rubbers with PA6.     

吸附树脂的合成及性能研究

采用悬浮聚合的方法,分别以甲苯和环己烷为致孔剂,在不同转速下合成聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物大孔吸附树脂,用氮气吸附仪及热分析仪考察了其物理性能,并测定了对苯酚的静态吸附性能。结果表明,在交联度为30%时,吸附树脂的比表面积随着转速的增大而逐渐减小,对苯酚具有较好的吸附性能。相同实验条件下用甲苯作为致孔剂合成树脂的吸附性能优于用环己烷作为致孔剂所合成的树脂吸附性能,其最大吸附率可以达到68%。     

水滑石对轮胎胎侧橡胶复合材料微观形貌与性能的影响

将水滑石（LDHs）加入到轮胎胎侧橡胶中制得LDHs/橡胶复合材料,研究了LDHs在橡胶复合材料中的分散状态及对胎侧橡胶复合材料的硫化特性、力学性能和耐老化性能的影响。结果表明,LDHs穿插在炭黑粒子之间,形成均匀分散;LDHs可以促进硫化,缩短橡胶复合材料的硫化时间,并提高其定伸应力和撕裂强度、改善耐老化性能。当LDHs的用量为4份（质量）时,与未添加LDHs橡胶复合材料相比的抗张积老化系数提高了25.7%。     

Ultrasonic properties and morphology of devulcanized rubber blends

The ultrasonic properties of two devulcanized rubber (DR) blends with a styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) copolymer compound (ACE) are investigated using a transmission method. The DR materials are obtained from commercial rubber crumbs (RC) by a proprietary devulcanization technique. Measurements on the acoustic attenuation and travel velocity are conducted on the samples with different sample thicknesses in the pulsed mode. Attenuation coefficients of the materials are obtained by changing the frequency of the ultrasound in the tuned tone‐burst mode. The two DR/ACE blends show marked differences in the attenuation and attenuation coefficient, although the ultrasonic velocities are similar. These differences arise from the variation of the remaining degree of crosslinking in the DR materials. The acoustic velocities in the three materials are similar. The morphologies of the DR/ACE blend samples, observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with different staining agents, explain their similarities and differences. There are two crops of rubber particles: larger ones belong to the original rubber crumbs that survived devulcanization; the smaller ones are fragments of partially DR. These crosslinked particles contribute to the overall degree of crosslinking in the blends. The devulcanized fractions of the DR materials are dispersed in the ACE matrix. Scattering at the interface accounts for the differences in the acoustic attenuation of the samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Study of compatibility,morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends were studied. The core‐shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core‐shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core‐shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core‐shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

聚丙烯酸酯吸油膨胀橡胶的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸乙酯（EA）、丙烯酸十二酯（LA）和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为单体,采用乳液聚合的方法制备了含羟基的丙烯酸酯共聚物,塑炼后与多缩水甘油酯交联剂和白炭黑进行混炼、硫化,制得吸油膨胀橡胶（OSR）。研究了单体配比、乳化剂用量、交联剂用量对OSR吸油膨胀性能和力学性能的影响,并研究了吸油时间对OSR吸油膨胀性能的影响。结果表明：随着LA单体比例的增加,OSR的硬度和拉伸强度降低,吸油膨胀率增大。随着交联剂用量的增加,OSR的硬度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率增大,吸油膨胀率随着交联剂用量的增加呈先升后降的趋势。随着吸油时间的增加,OSR的吸油膨胀率增大,在10h后吸油膨胀率几乎不变。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of rubber modified aromatic-ether bismaleimide matrix resins

An aromatic ether bismaleimide (BMI) was modified by copolymerization with various CTBN and ATBN liquid elastomers. Dynamic mechanical (DMA), flexural, and SEM fractography studies indicate that cured specimens containing various amounts of the different elastomers have widely varying morphologies and properties. The experimental parameters of interest in this study included the type of elastomer reactive end group, elastomer acrylonitrile content, elastomer concentration, and cure reaction conditions. The ATBNs are clearly more compatible than CTBNs. CTBN modified compositions show a distinct, low temperature rubber phase mechanical loss dispersion, reduced modulus and ultimate strength values, and only slight improvements in elongation. Cured compositions with small amounts of ATBN elastomers (5 phr), however, show no reduction in modulus but improved elongation and ultimate strength values. The “rubber” domains in these systems are small, typically < 5 μm, and consist of copolymerized BMI and elastomer. DMA data for these systems show no distinct low temperature elastomer peak but a broad “interphase” loss dispersion covering a wide range of temperatures. Failure in the ATBN modified BMIs involves initiation of numerous microcracks with obvious crack deflection at the rubber particles. No cavitation of rubber particles occurs, as is frequently the case with the CTBNs.     

热固性酚醛树脂的合成与性能研究

通过GPC和IR表征了反应温度和反应时间对热固性酚醛树脂分子质量、分子质量分布和分子结构的影响,研究了几种不同分子质量分布树脂的力学性能与热性能。结果表明:树脂的分子质量分布和结构不同对性能影响很大。当树脂的分子质量分布中三、四聚体以上(含十到二十聚体)级份占70%,有少量(少于3%)的超高分子质量级份时,树脂的强度达到最大值2.05 MPa,耐热性也相对较好。     

Effect of clay modification on the morphology and the mechanical/physical properties of ABS/PMMA blends

The effect of three types of organoclays on the morphology and mechanical properties of lower critical solution temperature‐type poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (ABS/PMMA) blends was investigated. Polymers were melt‐compounded with 2 and 4 wt % of clays using a twin‐screw extruder. X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the intercalation of the nanoclay in the hybrid nanocomposite was more affected by the polarity of the organoclay. Although the morphology of the blends varied by PMMA content, scanning electron microscopy showed smaller PMMA domains for the hybrid systems containing clay particles. Although good dispersion of the nanoclay through the ABS matrix and at the blend interface led to enhancement of tensile strength, the increment of the stiffness was more noticeable for nanocomposites including less polar organoclay. Well‐dispersed clay platelets increased the glass transition temperature. In addition, nanoscratching analysis illustrated an improvement in scratch resistance of ABS because of the presence of PMMA and organoclay. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

The synthesis and properties of tetrafunctional epoxy resins

N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylalkane epoxy resins with alkyl substituents on the methylene carbon were synthesized and characterized. The thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of these resins when cured with diaminodiphenylsulfone were compared with those of the cured unsubstituted epoxy resin. Although the resins have similar structures, the cured resin from the unsubstituted epoxy has the higher polymer decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature. The substituted epoxy resins have higher dynamic Young's moduli and loss moduli.     

Effect of interfacial enhancing on morphology,mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene‐ground tire rubber powder blends

In this work, polypropylene (PP)‐ground tire rubber (GTR) blends are prepared by means of melt‐extrusion process using a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. The influences of types of compatibilizers and crosslinkers on the interfacial interaction state, mechanical and rheological properties of PP‐GTR blends are investigated systematically. Particularly, quantitative nano mechanic technique of atom force microscope was employed to examine the change in thickness of the interfacial transition layer between PP and GTR phase with variety of compatibilizer and crosslinker types. Results indicated that styrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐ethylene/propylene)‐b‐polystyrene (SEEPS) and peroxide are optimal compatibilizer and crosslinker for interfacial interaction enhancement, respectively. The resultant PP‐GTR blend possesses tensile strength of 14.5 MPa, elongation at break of 307%, and permanent set of 16%. It was expected that reaction activities of the crosslinker with GTR and SEEPS would have a significant influence on the agglomeration of GTR particles and the interaction between PP and GTR phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45354.