大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT微胶囊分散染料/酸性染料一浴一步法染色

采用微胶囊分散蓝2BLN和酸性深蓝5R对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色,探讨了染色温度、pH值和染料用量对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN与酸性深蓝5R对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物一浴一步法染色后染色织物的表观色深K/S值的影响,同时用单分散染料和单酸性染料对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物染色作为对比,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响。结果表明:当染料总用量为2%(owf),染色pH值为5,95℃条件下保温30 min时,可使大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物获得较高的K/S值,染色织物的水洗牢度和摩擦牢度均在3～4级。     

涤纶织物靛蓝染色

采用靛蓝染涤纶织物，探讨了染浴pH值、染色温度、染色时间、尿索对涤纶表观得色深度的影响。结果表明，在靛蓝用量1％（owl），染浴pH值为6-7，温度120-130℃，时间10-20min，尿素用量10g/L条件下，织物可获得较高的得色深度，摩擦牢度4-5级，水洗牢度4-5级。     

超高湿牢度锦纶织物染色

Argacid红SS-R是高湿锦纶染色专用染料,其色光鲜艳,对锦纶具有极佳的水洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度。文中介绍了氯化钙用量、浴比、染浴pH值、保温时间和后处理工艺对Argacid红SS-R超高湿牢度锦纶染色结果的影响,得到的优化染色工艺为:氯化钙10%(owf),染浴pH值4,98℃染色40min,染色后处理可精简采用洗涤[纯碱1g/L和Argalin S5%(owf)于90℃洗涤20min],再清水中和的工艺。染后锦纶织物可满足各种苛刻条件下的水洗牢度测试要求。     

聚乳酸织物植物靛蓝隐色酸染色

用植物靛蓝染聚乳酸织物,探讨了染浴pH值、染色温度、时间、尿素用量对染色深度的影响.结果表明:在pH值6,100℃染30 min时即可获得较好的染色效果.尿素的加入可以提高得色深度.染料用量2%(owf),尿素最佳用量5 g/L.靛蓝对聚乳酸织物染色具有很好的提升力,染色后具有较好的摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度[其中染料2%(owf)时摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度最好].     

β-环糊精在涤棉织物分散／活性染料

克服涤棉织物在分散／活性染料-浴-步法染色中经常出现的色花现象．采用专用碱剂及β-环糊精作助剂，能提高染色的匀染性、色牢度．通过染化料等的选择，优选出适合弱碱性浴染色工艺：用ERD系列分散染料2％，owf及KE型活性染料2％，owf弱碱性一浴一步法染色，染浴pH=9，电解质Na2SO4，染色温度125℃，β-环糊精2g／h．     

羊毛低温染色助剂WLDCY-100的应用

探讨了自制低温染色助剂WLDCY-100用量、染浴pH值、染色温度对羊毛低温染色下的上染百分率的影响.结果表明:WLDCY-100能显著改善羊毛酸性染料在80℃条件下的染色性能.针对酸性染料用量为2％(owf)来说,优化工艺为低温染色助剂WLDCY-100用量1％ (owf),平平加0用量0.5％ (owf),pH值4;浴比1:50,染色温度80℃,时间45 min.该助剂的羊毛低温染色工艺的羊毛耐洗色牢度可以达到沸染的效果,由于减少一道水洗工艺,干湿摩擦牢度较传统工艺低.     

稀土在栀子黄色素染色羊毛纤维中的应用初探

利用单因素实验研究了染浴pH值、染色温度、氯化镧用量与加入方式等因素对天然栀子黄色素上染羊毛纤维的影响.通过正交试验,得出天然栀子黄色素采用氯化镧上染羊毛纤维较合适的条件为:染浴pH值4,染色温度90℃,保温阶段加入7％ (owf)氯化镧,上染百分率达到96.27％;氯化镧的加入能明显改善羊毛的皂洗牢度,皂洗牢度可达4级.羊毛纤维的断裂强力略有下降.     

涤纶织物靛蓝染料染色研究

文章研究了涤纶织物用靛蓝染料染色过程中,染浴pH值、温度、时间、助剂用量对织物得色量K/S值的影响.最终确定靛蓝用量为1%(owf),染浴pH为6～7,温度120～130℃,时间10～20min,尿素用量10g/L的条件下,织物可获得较高的得色深度,摩擦牢度4～5级,水洗牢度4～5级.     

分散金黄SE-3R应用性能的研究

探索了在分散金黄SE－3R染色工艺中，染色温度、时间、owf和染浴pH值得的对诸如染料竭染性、上染速率、得色量、上染率的影响。     

Lanaset染料在牛奶蛋白纤维上的染色性能

选用Lanaset系列染料对牛奶蛋白纤维进行染色，探讨了染色温度、pH值、助剂Albegal SET和元明粉用量对上染百分率的影响。结果表明，牛奶蛋白纤维采用Lanaset染料染色，上染率高．提升性好，染色牢度高。染浅色最佳工艺为：Albegal SET 0．5％-1％（owf），元明粉5％～10％（owf），醋酸钠1g／L．pH值4.5。染色温度90oC，保温时间40min；染中深色可适当降低pH值，提高Albegal SET用量，延长保温时间。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the