连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸料的研究进展

本文总结了连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸料的发展及应用,分析了热塑性预浸料可选择的增强纤维和基体树脂,以及国外商业化热塑性预浸料的进展;讨论了热塑性预浸料不同制备技术的优缺点,重点阐述了熔融浸渍工艺实施的难点,并指出熔融浸渍和薄膜层叠法相结合的工艺是比较适合制备热塑性预浸料的成型方法。     

复合材料用预浸料

（续回）２预浸料的制备工艺［Ｉ］制备预浸料即用树脂浸渍纤维（或织物）的过程,采用的工艺方法很多,随树脂基体类型不同而异。热固性树脂基体预浸料的制备已有多年的历史,方法比较成熟。而热塑性树脂基体预浸料制造技术发展较晚,固树脂熔点高、熔融粘度大,没有适当的低沸点溶剂可溶,和热固性树脂基体预浸料的传统工艺方法有明显的不同,目前大都处于研究阶段。２．１热固性树脂基体预浸料的制备热固性树脂基体预浸料的制备目前主要采用两种工艺方法,即溶液浸渍法和热熔法。２．１．１溶液浸清洁溶液浸渍法是把树脂基体各组分按规定…     

复合材料用预浸料

(续２)２．２热塑性树脂基体预浸料的制备工程用高性能热塑性树脂如ＰＥＥＫ、ＰＥＩ、ＰＰＳ等一般熔点较高 ,超过３００℃。熔融粘度大 ,而且粘度随温度的变化很小 ,这就给热塑性树脂基复合材料的成型工艺带来很大困难 ,制造热固性树脂预浸料的常规方法通常不能用于制造热塑性树脂预浸料。于是 ,热塑性树脂基体预浸料的制备就成为热塑性树脂基复合材料研究极为重要的课题。近２０年来 ,国内、外开展了大量研究工作 ,采取了多种工艺方法 ,获得了不少成果 ,常用的工艺方法如下 :２．１．１溶液浸渍法高性能热塑性树脂特别是ＰＥＥＫ、ＰＰＳ…     

复合材料用预浸料

(续 5)4　预浸料的类型和性能4 1　预浸料的类型随着复合材料研究和开发的不断进步 ,使用领域日渐扩大 ,复合材料构件不同制造工艺、不同工作条件对预浸料也提出了不同要求。为了适应来自多方面的需要 ,新的预浸料不断出现 ,预浸料的类型不断增加。按物理状态分类 ,预浸料分成单向预浸料、单向织物预浸料、织物预浸料 ;按树脂基体不同 ,预浸料分成热固性树脂预浸料和热塑性树脂预浸料 ;按增强材料不同 ,分成碳纤维 (织物 )预浸料、玻璃纤维 (织物 )预浸料、芳纶 (织物 )预浸料 ;根据纤维长度不同 ,分成短纤维 (4 76ｍｍ以下 )预浸料、长纤…     

国内外预浸料制备方法

预浸料是增强纤维浸渍树脂基体后制备复合材料的半成品,其性能取决于其原料性能及加工工艺。本文综述了预浸料的分类,介绍了国内外热固性预浸料和热塑性预浸料的工艺制备,包括增强纤维、树脂基体、固化体系等原料的选择及其制备方法,并比较了各种方法的适用性及优缺点。     

单丝热熔法制备国产M40级高模量碳纤维预浸料及性能

主要介绍了高模量碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂预浸料单丝热熔制备技术,并对单丝热熔制备国产M40级高模量碳纤维预浸料制备过程影响预浸料质量的工艺参数进行研究,主要有胶液温度、纤维束张力、纤维束运行速率及其运行路径等。通过工艺试验得到适合国产BHM3/BS-4树脂单丝热熔预浸料的工艺参数:胶液温度控制为85~100℃,纤维束张力控制为2~5 N,纤维运行速率控制为0.35~0.45 m/s。采用单丝热熔法制备了国产BHM3碳纤维不同厚度的预浸料,各项性能均已达到进口M40B-3k碳纤维的工艺技术水平。     

热塑性碳纤维上浆剂的研究进展

碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料具有优异的韧性和抗冲击性能,以及预浸料无贮存时间限制、成型周期短、易回收再利用等诸多优势,在军、民用领域具有巨大的应用前景。界面是决定复合材料综合性能的关键因素之一,热塑性上浆剂是目前制约碳纤维热塑性复合材料成型和使役性能的关键瓶颈。总结了碳纤维与热塑性树脂基体的界面作用机理,介绍了热塑性碳纤维上浆剂的作用、类型、制备方法及性能。     

复合材料用预浸料

（续３）２．２．６粉末预浸法 粉末预浸法是制备热塑性树脂预浸料比较成功的方法,随着所用设备不同和工艺条件的差异,有多种方法。 ＢＡＳＦ结构材料公司开发了一种粉末浸渍工艺,具体过程未做任何透露。据称用其工艺制得的粉末预浸料,具有良好粘性和铺覆性,而且预浸料中不含溶剂,这就很容易制备外形复杂的构件,生产速度快,预浸料质量和最终产品的性能均得到提高,具有广泛使用前景。这种方法可以制备单向预浸带、织物预浸料、也可以预浸粗纱。 荷兰专利８６１０５１２５介绍了一种流态化床工艺,是将纤维束分散开来通过一个流态化…     

粉末浸渍法制备连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料研究进展

连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料（CFRTPC）具有更高的强度和模量、高稳定性、生产过程绿色环保等优点。而预浸料作为制备CFRTPC的中间材料,其制备工艺和质量对CFRTPC性能产生重要影响。文章主要介绍CFRTPC的组成,从湿法粉末浸渍和干法粉末浸渍角度,综述了粉末浸渍法制备CFRTPC预浸料的研究进展。指出,未来应加强CFRTPC预浸料的浸渍机理的研究,浸渍设备和成型工艺的开发,扩大不同类型的热塑性树脂复合材料的应用领域。     

连续碳纤维热塑性复合材料制备工艺研究

对近年来的碳纤维热塑性复合材料预浸料制备技术、成型工艺及其在电子电气中的应用现状进行了综合论述．     

耐热型热塑性上浆剂研究进展

目前,针对热固性上浆剂体系的研究较成熟,但热固性上浆剂的分解温度较低,无法满足碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料（CFRTP）对加工温度的要求,所以研发耐热型热塑性上浆剂对提高CFRTP的综合性能意义重大。本文介绍了上浆剂的作用和近年来国内外耐热型热塑性上浆剂常用的主浆料,指出了国外聚氨酯、双马来酰亚胺和尼龙6等热塑性树脂基体的上浆剂已相继取得产业化的现状。重点综述了溶剂型、乳液型和水性上浆剂的制备方法及研究成果,并总结了3类上浆剂的优缺点。最后指出溶剂型上浆剂存在环境污染、资源浪费和安全隐患等缺陷,研发与树脂相容性好、环境友好的乳液型和水性上浆剂以及优化二者的制备工艺将是下一步工作的重点。     

The development of an epoxy resin system for the injection molding of long-fiber epoxy composties

The Combination of reaction injection molding and pultrusion has resulted in a new processing technique, RIM-Pultrusion, Which has been used to produce a thermoplastic epoxy prepreg. This prepreg has been used to produce a long-fiber injection molded phenoxy/carbon fiber composite with near-Zero void content. A heat-activated curing system has been developed, which allows injecton molding of the prepreg to form a thermostet long-finer epoxy/carbon finber composite. The RIM- pultrusion conditions for producing an injection moldable prepreg are described. Capillary rheomety is used to study the epoxy resin to determine the proper molar ratio for RIM-Pultrusion. The long-fiber epoxy compostie is analyzed with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Also., the impact strength and solvent resistance of the long-fiber composite are examined. The properties of the thermoset long-fiber epoxy xomposite are compared to those of a thermoplastic injection molded long-fiber phenoxy composite.     

Effect of glass fiber length on the creep and impact resistance of reinforced thermoplastics

Impact and flexural creep testing were conducted at temperatures between −22°F (−30°C) and 250°F (121°C) to evaluate and compare the end-use performance of continuous long glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheet composites to that of short glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. The matrices studied consisted of amorphous (polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and semicrystalline (polypropylene) polymers. Data were obtained from both injection-molded specimens (short fibers), and from specimens machine-cut from compression-molded test panels (continuous long fibers). The creep results of this study demonstrated that continuous long fibers are more efficient than short fibers in reinforcing the thermoplastic matrices, resulting in enhanced load-bearing ability at elevated temperatures. The addition of continuous long glass fibers to the thermoplastic matrices led to a significant increase in the notched Izod impact strengths between the temperatures of −22°F (−30°C) and 77°F (25°C), and only slight improvement in the drop-weight impact strengths. The lack of correlation between notched Izod impact and drop-weight strengths is largely due to the difference in crack propagation and fracture initiation energies. Results of the Rheometrics instrumented impact test indicated a higher total fracture energy for the long glass-reinforced thermoplastic sheet composites than for the short glass-reinforced injection-molded thermoplastics. The decreased ease of crack propagation in thermoplastic sheet composites is associated with the high energy-absorbing mechanisms of fiber debonding and interply delamination. The results of this study point to the significant property improvement of continuous long fibers vs. short fibers. The creep strength of short fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are greatly affected by the nature of the stress transfer which in turn is influenced by the critical fiber length and temperature, which is not the case for the long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheet composites. Long fibers dramatically increase the impact resistance of thermoplastics. The retention of toughness at low temperatures coupled with elevated temperature performance greater than similar short glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics effectively extends the capabilities of thermoplastic sheet composites at both temperature extremes.     

Structural and material properties of a rapidly cured thermoplastic‐toughened epoxy system

Thermoplastic‐toughened epoxy resins are widely used as matrices in modern composite prepreg systems. Rapid curing of thermoplastic‐toughened epoxy matrix composites results in different mechanical properties. To investigate the structure–property relationship, we investigated a poly(ether sulfone)‐modified triglycidylaminophenol/4,4′‐diamino diphenyl sulfone system that was cured at different heating rates. An intermediate dwell was also applied during the rapid heating of the thermoplastic‐modified epoxy system. We found that a higher heating rate led to a larger domain size of the phase‐separated macrostructure and also facilitated more complete phase separation. The intermediate dwell helped phase separation to proceed even further, leading to an even larger domain size of the macrostructure. A carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composite prepreg based on the poly(ether sulfone)‐modified multifunctional epoxy system was cured with the same schedule. The rapidly heated composite laminates exhibited higher mode I delamination fracture toughness than the slowly heated material. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Wettability of glass fibers by reactive thermoplastic/polyester blends: comparison between compatible and incompatible blends

The evolution of morphology of reactive thermoplastic/unsaturated polyester blends at the surface of glass fibers is investigated during curing. The study focuses on two different types of thermoplastics, incompatible and compatible respectively with the polyester resin. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methyl methacrylate) are chosen as incompatible thermoplastics, and poly(vinyl acetate) as a compatible thermoplastic. In the presence of incompatible thermoplastics, the blends form an emulsion during the entire course of curing. In that case, a correlation exists between the surface tensions of the components of the blend measured before curing and the final morphology at the surface of the fibers. For a compatible thermoplastic, on the other hand, a reaction-induced phase separation occurs during curing. In that case, the morphology at the surface of the fiber after phase separation cannot be fully determined by the surface tensions of the components.     

Nonisothermal elongational behavior of blends with liquid crystalline polymers

Measurements of melt strength and breaking stretching ratio of several blends of thermoplastic polymers with liquid crystalline polymers are presented. The melt strength behavior depends not only on the viscosity of the blends but also on the temperature dependence of the viscosity. In particular, even if the viscosities of the blends are, at the extrusion temperature, lower than that of the thermoplastic matrices, the melt strength can be larger than that of the pure thermoplastics if its viscosity-temperature curve exceeds that of the matrices far from the solidification temperature. This behavior allows one to spin or film blow these blends despite the low viscosity.     

偶联剂对玻纤制品的强度的影响

介绍了偶联剂的作用和常用品种。通过用不同种类及不同用量的偶联剂进行试验对比,总结出偶联剂对热塑性塑料制品的强度的影响,以及偶联剂对直接纱的强度的影响,并得出结论：偶联剂1或5适用于增强热塑性塑料;直接纱配方中偶联剂用量在0．4％时,性价比较好。     

浅谈碳纤维预浸料中铺放纤维非织造网布的适用性

选取了两种纤维非织造网布,分别在进口单向碳纤维预浸料和国产单向碳纤维预浸料层与层之间进行铺放,采用预浸料成型工艺制备不同性能的层合板,并通过测试层合板试样的力学性能和孔隙率,表明纤维非织造网布在碳纤维预浸料成型技术中的适用性。对比测试数据结果发现:纤维非织造网布经向纤维纤度、纬向纤维纤度、面密度选材合适时,在碳纤维预浸料层合板中表现出了优异的适用性;纤维非织造网布经向纤维纤度及纬向纤维纤度较小、面密度选择较大时,在碳纤维预浸料层合板中虽然也表现出良好的工艺适用性,但是碳纤维预浸料层合板的力学性能会降低,孔隙率会偏大。