铜氨纤维的性能及纺纱工艺实践

介绍了铜氨纤维的特点以及与其它几种纤维的性能比较，着重讨论了铜氨纤维的纺纱技术关键，给出了纺纱各工序的工艺条件。     

锭速及捻因数对Modal纤维纯纺纱性能的影响

结合生产实际,选用不同的锭子速度及捻因数,对Modal纤维纯纺纱性能进行研究,主要包括对成纱的强伸性、毛羽及条干性能的影响,从而得出纺Modal纤维纯纺纱的最佳工艺参数。实践表明:锭子的速度应该控制在7230 r/min左右,捻因数应该在380~400之间,纱线的综合成纱指标最好。     

高含量胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维的结构与性能

在胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混溶液中,加入连接剂三氯化铝和戊二醛,经湿法纺丝、热拉伸定型和后交联处理制得胶原蛋白质量分数为45.17%的胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维,研究了复合纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维横截面呈圆形,具有皮芯结构,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为2.14cN/dtex和46.32%,结晶度为41.1%,水中软化点和回潮率分别为101℃和11.50%。     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的结构与性能

将水溶性聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白进行湿法纺丝,初生纤维经过热拉伸、热定型和缩醛化等后处理,制得胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维。结果表明,纺丝过程中固含量为16%的原液纺得的复合纤维的蛋白质存留率可以达到98%以上,原液固含量为18%的蛋白质存留率为40%～50%;扫描电镜观察表明,复合纤维为异形纤维,截面呈菊花状,原液固含量为16%的复合纤维断裂强度、初始模量分别为7．07,108．66 cN/dtex,结晶度为47．16%,复合纤维的上染率可达到95%以上,水中软化点温度为100℃以上。     

改性剂对胶原蛋白复合纤维结构性能的影响

在胶原蛋白和聚乙烯醇共混溶液中,添加不同量改性剂制得纺丝原液,经湿法纺丝得到初生纤维,初生纤维再经过热拉伸、热定型和缩醛化处理得到胶原蛋白复合纤维。由该方法制得的复合纤维中胶原蛋白存留率达到91.6%,结晶度为57.8%。由扫描电镜观察纤维横截面为肾形,纤维内部致密、无相分离。纤维断裂强度为4.1 cN/dtex,初始模量为147.5 cN/dtex,断裂伸长为26.9%,纤维水中软化点为104℃。     

胶原蛋白/PVA/碳纳米管复合纤维的结构与性能

在胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合后的溶液中加入少量质量分数为0.05%~0.25%的碳纳米管,通过湿法纺丝制得PVA/胶原蛋白/碳纳米管复合纤维,研究了复合纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:碳纳米管与PVA和胶原蛋白有较好的相容性,在复合纤维中分散比较均匀。添加质量分数为0.25%碳纳米管时,复合纤维结晶度提高了37.62%,水中软化点提高了5℃,回潮率从11.50%下降到10.83%;加入质量分数为0.05%的碳纳米管时,复合纤维的断裂强度提高57.07%。     

AgNPs/TPU导电纤维的制备及性能研究

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为弹性纤维基体,三氟乙酸银(C₂AgF₃O₂)为导电银纳米粒子(AgNPs)前驱体,水合肼为还原剂,采用湿法纺丝工艺、原位还原技术及热处理制备AgNPs/TPU导电纤维,研究了水合肼浓度、还原时间、C₂AgF₃O₂含量、热处理对纤维导电性能的影响,并对其微观形貌、化学组成、力学性能、拉伸电阻敏感性进行表征。结果表明：在C₂AgF₃O₂/TPU质量比为1.5：1.0,水合肼质量分数为15%,还原时间为20 min, 120℃热处理30 min的条件下得到的AgNPs/TPU导电纤维具有最佳的导电性能,电导率可达108.9 S/cm; AgNPs/TPU导电纤维微观上呈中空多孔结构,纤维表面被AgNPs均匀覆盖;AgNPs/TPU导电纤维的力学性能相比纯TPU纤维有所降低,断裂伸长率为484%,断裂强度为0.15 cN/dtex;该纤维可在0～70%的应变范围内表现出较为...     

环氧树脂/胶原蛋白改善超细纤维 合成革的卫生性能

首先用甲酸对超细纤维合成革进行预处理,然后以环氧树脂（1,4-丁二醇二失水甘油醚）作为交联剂,胶原蛋白为改性剂,对超细纤维合成革基布进行改性以提高其卫生性能。实验结果表明其最佳的改性条件为胶原蛋白用量为基布干重的14%,环氧树脂用量为12%,环氧树脂处理基布最佳时间为3h,胶原蛋白作用最佳时间2h,反应温度为40 ℃。改性后基布的透水汽性提高了43.0%,吸湿性提高了25.56%。傅立叶红外光谱分析议(FT-IR)对超细纤维合成革基布的检测结果表明胶原蛋白通过环氧树脂成功接枝到基布表面;扫描电镜图(SEM)显示改性后的基布内部纤维更加疏松;用原子力显微镜(AFM), 对改性前后的基布进行对比,结果显示改性后的基布表面更加光滑平整;接触角分析结果表明改性后基布的接触角明显变小。     

聚酯/多壁碳纳米管复合导电纤维的制备及性能

以羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-COOH)为导电填料,采用双螺杆熔融挤出制备聚酯(PET)/MWNT-COOH共混切片,通过熔融纺丝得到PET/MWNT-COOH复合纤维。研究了MWNT-COOH含量和拉伸处理对复合纤维可纺性、导电性能、力学性能和表面形貌等的影响。结果表明:当MWNT-COOH质量分数小于1.0%时,切片具有较好的可纺性,初生纤维的导电逾渗阈值为0.5%~1.0%;MWNT-COOH的加入提高了纤维的断裂强度,当MWNT-COOH质量分数为0.1%时,纤维断裂强度提高约34%,随着MWNT-COOH含量增加,纤维断裂强度的增加幅度逐渐下降;拉伸会使MWNT-COOH沿纤维轴向取向,有利于MWNTCOOH间的互相搭接形成导电通路,提高纤维的导电性能。     

醋酸纤维素纤维干法纺丝成形模拟

建立了基于Maxwell粘弹性本构方程的干法纺丝动力学模型,对醋酸纤维素纤维干法纺丝过程进行了模拟,预测了纤维成形过程中丝条的溶剂浓度、温度、速度、张力等沿纺程的变化关系。结果表明:纤维固化成形发生在闪蒸结束后离喷丝口不远处,此后丝条溶剂含量变化很小;丝条温度在闪蒸时略低于热吹风温度,闪蒸结束后迅速上升到热吹风温度;丝条张力主要来源于空气的摩擦阻力和卷绕张力,在纺程下半段以摩擦阻力为主;提高泵供量后溶剂蒸发速率变慢,丝条温度达到热吹风温度所需时间变长,丝条固化点离喷丝头越远;闪蒸速率随纺丝液溶剂含量增高而减小,同时丝条温度升到甬道温度的时间也越长。     

纺丝条件对干纺氨纶性能的影响

通过改变干纺时的纺丝条件并对所得产品的断裂强力、断裂伸长率及均一性进行测试,发现氨纶的断裂强力随着热风的温度升高、风量增大及纺丝速度的提高而增大,断裂伸长率随着风温升高而增大,但随着风量及纺速的增大而减小,双导丝器的使用对于改善氨纶的均一性有利。     

Gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers with medium molecular weight

A new gel‐spinning method was employed to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers from a PAN spinning solution with dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent. Aging at 25 °C for 120 min brought the spinning solution to the sol–gel transition and a three‐dimensional gel formed before entering the coagulation bath. The as‐spun fibers from the solution at the sol–gel transition and in the gel state possess a circular cross‐section. Compared with dry‐jet wet‐spun fibers, the gel‐spun fibers have a more compact structure, fewer voids and better mechanical properties after a three‐stage drawing. Moreover, the gel‐spun fibers obtained from the extraction bath have a more homogeneous microstructure and better packed supermolecular structure. The physical properties of the extracted gel‐spun fibers are also better than those of coagulated gel‐spun fibers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Development of high‐strength fibers from aliphatic polyketones by melt spinning and drawing

We have investigated the formation of high‐strength, high‐modulus fibers from four aliphatic polyketone resins. One resin was a perfectly alternating copolymer of ethylene and carbon monoxide, while the other three were terpolymers containing up to 6 mol % propylene. The mechanical properties were measured as a function of processing conditions, and the structures of the filaments were characterized using birefringence, WAXS, SAXS, SEM, and thermal analysis. Fibers formed from all resins develop very high molecular orientations and a microfibrillar structure. Fibers having room temperature tenacities as high as 10 gpd (～1.1 GPa) were obtained. Tensile moduli reached values as high as 120 gpd (～13 GPa). The melting point of the fibers was primarily dependent on the composition of the resin, while the maximum strength and modulus were largely determined by the maximum draw ratio achieved. The maximum draw ratio achieved in the present experiments was greater for the terpolymers than for the copolymer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1794–1815, 2001     

熔体静电纺丝的工艺条件对纺丝纤维直径的影响

主要研究纺丝温度、纺丝电压、接收距离等参数对聚丙烯(PP)熔体静电纺丝纤维直径的影响。采用了只变一个参数,其它参数固定的常规实验方法。在实验条件范围内,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维的平均直径逐渐减小,得到PP的最佳纺丝温度240℃。在固定电压的情况下,得到最佳接收距离7cm。在固定接收距离的情况下,随着电压的增加,电场中的喷射流熔体受到的电场力逐渐增大,得出最佳纺丝电压35kV。     

TFDY-98油剂与同类进口产品的性能对比

分析了国产TFDY -98FDY油剂的耐热、平滑、润湿、抱合、油膜强度、上浆等性能 ,并与国外产品F -10 48和E -2 0 75K进行了比较 ,其性能与国外同类产品相当。TFDY -98油剂经厂家使用 ,其主要性能能够满足FDY生产的要求 ,可纺性好 ,染色M率 98%以上 ,上浆性好。     

Preparation of polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate blend fibers through wet‐spinning

Fibers containing both polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared through wet‐spinning by using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. Compatibility of PAN and cellulose acetate blend (PCB) fibers was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectrophotometry. The absorptive capacity and mechanical properties of the fibers were measured. It was observed that the surface and the cross section of PAN fibers were quite smooth and free from voids and microcracks, whereas cracks and voids were present on the surface and cross section of blend fibers, which increased with the incorporation of CA in the blend. Moisture regains of blend fibers were quite high while their tensile properties showed a partial decrease. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2000–2005, 2007     

Studies on high‐speed melt spinning of noncircular cross‐ section fibers. I. Structural analysis of as‐spun fibers

Flat fibers and hollow fibers were prepared through the high‐speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the structures of these fibers were compared with those of circular fibers. The cross‐sectional shape of each fiber changed to a dull shape in comparison with that of the respective spinning nozzle. The change in the cross‐sectional shape was slightly suppressed with an increase in the take‐up velocity. There was a significant development of structural variation in the cross section of flat fibers in that the molecular orientation and crystallization were enhanced at the edge. Despite the difference in the cross‐sectional shape, the structural development of flat, hollow, and circular fibers with increasing take‐up velocity showed almost similar behavior. Considering that the tensile stress at the solidification point of the spin line is known to govern the structure development of high‐speed spun PET fibers, it was speculated that the effects of the enhancement of cooling and air friction on the tensile stress at the solidification point cancel each other. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1575–1581, 2001     

Influence of molecular weight and syndiotacticity on the structure of high‐performance poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers prepared by gel spinning

Atactic and syndiotactic‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers were prepared by gel spinning using ethylene glycol as a solvent. The mechanical properties of the fibers were independent of the degree of polymerization, although they were dependent on syndiotacticity. The amounts of tie molecules and the difference between the amounts of hydrogen bonds and microvoids determine the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties depended on the orientation of the segments in the amorphous parts. The entangled segments produced in the amorphous parts as a consequence of the difficulty of drawing were considered to form the voids and cracks, which grow to a banded structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1970–1977, 2002