应变控制下水泥土动静力特性试验

为了研究循环荷载下水泥土的动静力特性,通过GDS振动三轴仪进行应变控制下的静力和逐级循环加载试验.静力试验表明:应变速率越大,水泥土强度越大,应变速率为5%时的峰值应力相对于being0.05%时提高了47.57%;掺入比决定水泥土应力-应变关系曲线的软化或硬化型式.通过逐级循环加载试验,进一步分析水泥土的应力-应变关系和动模量的发展规律,通过对双曲线模型的修正,建立描述水泥土应力-应变关系的经验模型.该模型共有3个参数,论述了各个参数的物理意义和确定方法,结果表明,本文模型简单实用,能够较好地反映水泥土的应力-应变关系.     

不同粒径砂土的细观离散元模拟

基于离散元理论,建立砂土数值模型,并赋予颗粒微观参数进行三维数值模拟.通过大量的颗粒流数值试验,对颗粒微观参数进行调整,得到与室内三轴实验相一致的应力应变曲线.通过改变颗粒微观结构,结果表明颗粒直径对材料的宏观力学行为有比较明显的影响.实验突破室内常规三轴实验的局限性,揭示了微观规律,对以后的岩土工程的颗粒模拟提供了有价值的参考.     

中砂类B组路基土静力特性试验分析

为了研究中砂类B组路基土的静力特性,在了解其物理特性的基础上,采用中砂及粉质黏土配置了4种不同细粒含量的中砂类B组土,根据常规三轴压缩试验研究了围压和细粒含量对试验土体应力-应变关系及静强度的影响.结果表明,在相同细粒含量条件下,随着围压的增大,试样的应力-应变曲线上升显著,在同一应变值时,应力相差较大,且150 k Pa的曲线应力差值最为明显;在相同围压条件下,细粒含量对应力-应变曲线的影响不明显,细粒含量低于30%时,应力-应变曲线走势几乎一致,应变增大的同时应力提高.     

橡胶砂力学性能的三维离散元数值模拟

为揭示橡胶砂混合料强度特性、偏应力-轴向应变曲线及体应变-轴向应变曲线的变化规律,利用颗粒流软件,对三轴压缩状态下橡胶砂混合料的力学特性进行了三维离散元数值模拟,从宏观、微观两方面分析质量配比、粒径比和围压对橡胶砂力学及变形特性等方面的影响。分析结果表明：当ω(橡胶)<10%时,橡胶砂表现出类砂力学特性,即先剪缩后剪胀,应力-应变曲线呈软化型,当ω(橡胶)≥20%时,橡胶砂表现出类橡胶力学特性,试样单调剪缩,应力-应变曲线呈硬化型。随着橡胶含量的增加,橡胶砂应力-应变曲线峰值降低。胶砂粒径比对橡胶砂应力-应变关系存在一定的影响,主要表现为随着平均粒径比的增大,体应变增大,应力-应变曲线降低,抗剪强度减小。随着围压的增加,低橡胶含量的橡胶砂剪胀和应变软化特性得到抑制,而高橡胶含量橡胶砂剪缩和应变硬化特性增强。混合料抗剪强度的降低主要归因于软橡胶颗粒的加入所引起的橡胶砂试样刚度损失,而其膨胀反应受到抑制的原因是橡胶颗粒容易被挤压而产生体积收缩。     

高延性混凝土单轴受压本构模型研究

通过9组不同配合比高延性混凝土(high ductile concrete,HDC)试件的单轴受压试验,研究了纤维的横向约束作用对HDC试件单轴受压破坏形态的影响,分析了纤维掺量、粉煤灰掺量、水胶比和砂胶比对HDC单轴受压应力-应变曲线特征点的影响.根据HDC单轴受压应力-应变曲线的形状和特点,采用三种模型,建立了HDC的单轴受压本构模型方程;依据最小二乘法,对HDC单轴受压本构模型进行参数分析发现,采用模型2和模型3得到的拟合曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,其中模型2最接近于试验曲线.     

堆石料的三维应力分数阶本构模型

为合理反映粗粒土的状态依赖非关联应力-应变特性,提出应力分数阶塑性力学模型。已有模型基于三轴试验结果,无法对堆石料真三轴条件下的应力-应变特性进行预测,为解决这一问题,基于特征应力法对已有分数阶塑性力学模型进行完善。进一步选取不同初始状态条件下堆石料的真三轴压缩试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明,三维化后的分数阶岩土塑性力学模型可以合理地模拟不同初始状态的堆石料在真三轴压缩条件下的应力-应变行为。与传统塑性力学模型相比,提出的分数阶塑性模型在描述堆石料非关联流动时不需要额外引入塑性势函数,仅需对已有屈服面求解分数阶导数。此外,模型在特征应力空间中推导完成再映射到原应力空间,可描述土体的三维强度特性,无需额外采用三维强度准则。     

侧向卸荷路径下天津滨海软土强度参数试验研究

针对侧向卸荷条件下软土变形、强度等典型力学特性,选取天津滨海新区9～18,m深度海相软土为研究对象,采用应力-应变控制式三轴剪切渗透试验仪,对试样进行了三轴不固结不排水试验(UU)、三轴固结不排水试验(CU)以及K0固结轴向卸荷试验(DEP).试验结果表明:UU、CU、DEP试验应力与应变关系曲线呈双曲线特性,UU与CU试验应力与应变关系曲线呈硬化特征,DEP试验应力与应变关系曲线呈软化特征.DEP试验对于总应力强度参数有影响,对有效应力强度参数影响较小.     

干湿循环下石灰粉煤灰改良膨胀土的双屈服面本构关系

基于椭圆-抛物线弹塑性本构模型,研究了干湿循环条件下石灰粉煤灰改良膨胀土的双屈服面弹塑性应力-应变本构关系.首先,通过一系列三轴固结排水剪切试验,分别得到不同干湿循环次数下石灰粉煤灰改良膨胀土的偏应力q与轴向应变ε1、剪应变εs,以及轴向应变ε1与体应变εv的试验曲线;然后,根据三轴试验结果拟合本构模型中的各参数与干湿...     

表层干砂的本构关系

在对表层干砂进行三轴试验研究的基础上，提出了表层干砂的应力－应变关系的数学模型，即非线性弹性Ｋ－Ｇ模型。它较好的描述了表层干砂的力学特性，为车辆行走机构与表层干砂地面相互作用关系的研究提供了理论基础     

动力荷载下散粒体的锚杆加固效应

采用细观数值模拟方法研究动力荷载下散粒体的锚杆加固效应,采用随机散粒体不连续变形方法建立加锚散粒体的三维数值试样,对试样施加水平方向的动力荷载,分析散粒体材料在动力荷载条件下的宏观和细观力学特性.分别建立不同锚杆间距、颗粒粒径以及无锚杆的散粒体试样,研究其对动力荷载条件下的散粒体的力学性质影响.数值模拟结果表明:随机散粒体不连续变形方法可以研究动力荷载下散粒体的变形规律及加固效应;锚杆加固可以有效限制散粒体在动力情况下的变形,显著提高散粒体的整体性;与静力加载相同,由于锚杆的挤压使散粒体产生侧向压力,加强了颗粒间的接触作用力;锚杆长度相同的情况下,加锚密度越大,散粒体试样的抗震稳定性越好;当锚杆间距与散粒体平均粒径的比值小于2.35时,锚杆可以很好地提高散粒体结构的自稳能力而保持整体稳定.     

充水式橡胶坝状态参数的实时软测量研究

为了防止因坝体震动造成坝袋表面磨损及灾难性倒塌，提出了基于模型的充水式橡胶坝状态参数的
实时监测算法.通过流体静力学规律对橡胶坝进行分析，建立了无溢流情况下橡胶坝的静态二维模型.对此
模型进行无量纲化处理，使得对橡胶坝状态参数的监测转化为数学意义下标准的两点边值非线性微分方程
组的求解.采用数值方法“打靶法”，联立四阶Runge Kutta法和Newton Raphson法来求解此两点边值非
线性微分方程组，从微分方程组的解中获得要监测的状态参数.仿真结果表明，该实时监测算法可以清楚
地刻画出橡胶坝横截面的形状，且可以有效地监测橡胶坝参数.     

Deduction and experimental investigation of constitutive relation of liquefaction of saturated sand

According to the existing problems of liquefaction models of saturated sand that were put forward under dynamic action, on the basis of Handin-Drnevich model, a new calculating model of the dynamic constitutive relation of saturated sand was put forward. The model was based on the basic hypothesis of instantaneous limit balance according to the basic principle that the stress estate is the destroyed condition was not overstepped. The calculated method of increment nonlinear was referenced and combined with the excellence of the model of distributed particles. The process of vibrating liquefaction of saturated sand was divided into some areas. And the phenomena of shearing dilatation and unloading shrink of saturated sand were considered. On above basic a new calculating constitutive relation model was proposed. There are a few parameters in the model. The physical means of the parameters are very evident and quantized. They could be obtained from the dynamic triaxial test in door. The model was contrasted and validated with the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door. The comparison of the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door and the calculating results of the model indicates that all sorts of phenomenon appearing in the process of liquefaction of saturated sand could be more perfectly reflected by the model. Especially at the initial stage of development of pore water pressure and strain of saturated sand, the results of the dynamic triaxial test in door are consistent with the calculated results of the model very much. But there is some difference between the results at the anaphase of development of pore water pressure and strain. On the path of stress, the calculating and experimenting ultimate state surfaces are almost identical.     

管道周向励磁漏磁检测ANSYS仿真分析

针对轴向导向的狭窄裂纹、焊缝、机械损伤和腐蚀凹坑等缺陷的检测问题,提出了一种周向励磁检测方法.通过分析周向漏磁检测原理,建立了静态情况下周向磁化器的二维有限元（FE）模型,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对模型进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,周向磁化器磁化管壁获得非均匀磁场,磁化器附近的磁场强度最大,两个磁极中心的磁场强度最小,缺陷漏磁信号不仅与缺陷参数有关,还与缺陷距磁极距离的大小有关.该结果证实了周向励磁方法检测轴向缺陷的可行性及开发管道周向励磁漏磁检测工具的实用性.     

Dynamic Shafting Alignment Algorithms Considering Sensitivity Analysis and Its Application

A method for dynamic alignment calculation of a large turbogenerator shafting is proposed. The method can analyze bearing load and bearing load sensitivity. Shafting alignment is made up of two parts:static alignment and dynamic alignment. Static alignment forms the basis of dynamic alignment, its mathematical model is deduced by transfer matrix method, the shafting static characteristic parameters under specific alignment installation requirements were obtained afterwards. Based on superposition method, bearing sensitivity analysis is performed to find the impact of slight bearing elevation change of the static alignment result. Above static alignment, dynamic shafting alignment considers the internal geometry of bearing under rotating state, static Reynolds equation is solved by the finite difference method and the relative position relationship of the center of journal and bearing are obtained. For static characteristic parameters calculated by static alignment and bearing sensitivity analysis, the calculation accuracy is verified by finite element software. The alignment model and codes in this paper can be a tool for the installation and safety analysis of large-scale shafting with three-point or four-point supports.     

灌溉淋滤对原状黄土物理力学性质的影响

甘肃黑方台地区因农业灌溉诱发了大量黄土滑坡,给当地群众生命财产安全构成了严重威胁。为探究灌溉诱发黄土滑坡的形成机理,以灌溉淋滤为出发点,对比分析了原状黄土在长期灌溉条件下物质组成、物理性质的变化规律,通过室内三轴试验研究了灌溉淋滤对原状黄土静态液化特性的影响。结果表明:长期灌溉造成原状黄土中可溶盐含量的大幅降低,胶结弱化,粗颗粒分散,黏粒增多,塑性指数增大,同时灌溉过程中发生的湿陷引起黄土干密度增大、孔隙比减小;淋滤前后饱和黄土均表现出强烈的应变软化特性,具有静态液化特征;与未淋滤黄土相比,淋滤后黄土脆性破坏特征有所减弱,表现为峰值应变增大、超孔隙水压力减小和稳态线上移。     

Numerical simulation of cyclic behavior of double sand lenses and corresponding liquefaction-induced soil settlement

A two-dimensional numerical model was used to explain the liquefaction mechanism of double sand lenses and the corresponding soil deformation due to the cyclic loading. Moreover, in order to investigate the influences of the soil characteristics and input loading data a parametric study was carried out on the essential parameters affecting the soil settlement, and so the variation of these parameters with the corresponding displacements was mainly examined. At last, the results obtained from the numerical analyses of double sand lenses and a continuous sand layer with similar characteristics were compared with those of an estimating method proposed by ISHIHARA and YOSHIMINE. The comparisons show that the settlements due to liquefaction of the continuous sand layer in both numerical and the estimating method are in a good agreement with and are obviously greater than those of double sand lenses.     

关于砂土液化判别方法的探讨

本文通过静力触探锥尖阻力与标准贯入击数的回归关系，提出了以《建筑抗震设计规范》（GBJ11－89）为基础的饱和砂土液化静力触探判别方法及液化指数的计算方法。     

碎石排水层地下结构非自由场液化数值试验分析

在浅埋地下结构周围设置碎石排水层,应用FLAC3D作自由场、普通地下结构非自由场、碎石排水层地下结构非自由场液化对比数值试验,研究碎石排水层法液化场液化分布特性,验证碎石排水层方法的抗液化效果,分析碎石排水层非自由液化场结构的动力特性变化。计算结果表明,液化场中地下结构周围设置碎石排水层,结构周围则不会液化,结构远处液化场中的超静水压力显著降低,结构不出现上浮,水平漂移减小。碎石排水层加大了结构与碎石的整体质量和刚度,增加了结构的稳定性。研究成果为地下结构穿越液化土层设计提供理论及试验基础。     

A case study of seismic response of earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils

A case study of seismic response of an earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils in Kansai area, western Japan was presented. Based on a calibrated cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for liquefiable sand and Biot dynamic coupled theory, the seismic analysis was carried out by using a dynamic effective stress finite element method under plane strain condition. A recent design study was illustrated in detail for a river earth embankment subjected to seismic excitation on the saturated deposits with liquefiable sands. Simulated results of the embankment foundation during liquefaction were obtained for acceleration, displacement, and excess pore water pressures, which were considered to yield useful results for earthquake geotechnical design. The results show that the foundation soil reaches a fully liquefied state with high excess pore pressure ratios approaching to 1.0 due to the earthquake shaking. At the end of the earthquake, the extensive liquefaction causes about 1.0 m lateral spreading at the toe and 60 cm settlement at the crest of the earth embankment.     

基于桥梁结构动力特性的静力性能预测

桥梁荷载试验法是对桥梁结构工作状态进行直接测试的一种检定手段,通过动、静荷载试验测试出桥梁结构的各种动、静载响应,评定桥梁实际承载能力和受力性能,是评价桥梁性能最可靠的一种方法。基于环境振动的动载试验具有无须贵重的激励设备,不打断结构的正常使用,方便省时,只需测定响应数据等优点,已经广泛的应用于桥梁结构检测之中。静载试验通常所需要的周期长、费用大、评定结果稳定可靠,而动载试验相对来讲周期短,费用较小,并且对于多跨桥梁可以评价整桥的结构性能,各有优缺点。本文基于环境振动试验测试桥梁在动载作用下的响应,得到桥梁的频率、阻尼和振型等模态参数,将桥梁结构的模态参数和静载试验结果相互联系起来,用结构的模态参数来预测结构的承载能力,对结构的可靠性进行评估,从而可以减少结构荷载试验的费用。