改性炭黑对天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胶性能的影响

采用3种方法对传统炭黑进行表面改性,考察了改性前后炭黑表面形貌及结构的变化,并采用改性炭黑填充天然橡胶（NR）/顺丁橡胶（BR）并用胶,考察了改性炭黑对并用胶力学性能、硫化特性及动态力学性能等的影响。结果表明,与未改性炭黑相比,细化粒径、调高pH值及木质素改性处理后,炭黑表面的粗糙程度增加;且细化改性炭黑具有更高的比表面积,调高pH值改性炭黑具有更多疏松的二次结构,木质素改性炭黑粒径略有增加。对于炭黑填充NR/BR,用细化粒径及调高pH值方法处理的炭黑进行填充,NR/BR硫化胶的力学性能、耐磨性能及抗湿滑性均得到明显改善,但硫化延迟效应明显;木质素改性后,炭黑填充胶的力学性能、耐磨性能均出现不同程度的降低。     

炭黑表面接枝聚合改性进展

从炭黑粒子表面性质及表面化学基团出发 ,并结合聚合反应理论 ,介绍了将单体接枝聚合或将聚合物直接接枝到炭黑表面的自由基接枝、正离子接枝、负离子接枝及其他功能化接枝改性方法。论述了实现这些过程的溶液法、熔融法及辐射法接枝等工艺方法及影响炭黑接枝改性的因素。炭黑表面接枝聚合改性能大大扩大炭黑的应用范围。     

硝酸氧化法改善炭黑表面活性的研究

用硝酸氧化法和隔绝空气热还原法对普通结构炭黑和高结构炭黑进行改性,通过刻蚀表面微晶结构,增加炭黑粒子边缘缺陷及炭黑表面活性,探索炭黑凝胶(炭黑/天然橡胶)的力学性能。结果表明:经不同时间氧化后炭黑表面羰基、羧基官能团增加;氧化还原改性后制备的普通结构炭黑凝胶和高结构炭黑凝胶的储能模量总体增加,且普通结构炭黑凝胶改性后的损耗模量、综合拉伸性能优于高结构炭黑凝胶;改性后N660炭黑凝胶拉伸强度提高5.4倍,杨氏模量提高3.4倍,断裂伸长率提高1.0倍。     

废轮胎热解炭黑的改性

对废轮胎热解炭黑进行了硫酸酸洗以及酸洗后加入硬脂酸两种改性处理方法,测定了热解炭黑、酸洗炭黑和硬脂酸改性酸洗炭黑的粒径、比表面积和表面性质。研究表明：热解炭黑是由许多微米级的颗粒构成的,灰分含量很高,酸洗可明显减少灰分,酸洗后炭黑比表面积略有增加;酸洗及硬脂酸改性可以增加热解炭黑挥发分的含量。热解炭黑的表面覆盖有碳质沉积物,极性较低,更加亲油,改性后有部分极性官能团暴露出来,含氧官能团数量增加。     

气相法白炭黑在LSR中的应用

介绍了气相法自炭黑的表面极性、pH和水分对加成型液体硅橡胶（LSR）性能的影响，同时介绍了气相法自炭黑的表面改性工艺和表面改性剂的选择对LSR性能的影响，并对国内外气相法自炭黑企业主要生产的表面改性产品进行了比较。     

废轮胎裂解炭黑的超细粉碎和表面改性及在NR中的应用

探讨超细粉碎和表面改性工艺对废轮胎裂解炭黑性能的影响及裂解炭黑在NR胶料中的应用。结果表明 ,裂解炭黑超细粉碎时 ,FZD型单转子超细气流分级机的最佳转速为 80 0r·min- 1 ,这时用袋收尘方式收集的超细裂解炭黑的中位粒径为 4 3 7μm ;用硬脂酸表面改性后裂解炭黑的流动性和分散性提高 ,原料裂解炭黑和超细裂解炭黑改性用硬脂酸最佳质量分数分别为 0 0 1和 0 0 2 ;表面改性超细裂解炭黑对NR的补强性达到半补强炭黑的水平     

双氧水氧化制备高分散性炭黑

为了在水溶液中获取高分散性的炭黑,本实验通过双氧水对炭黑表面进行氧化改性,并利用沉降度检验炭黑在水溶液中的分散稳定性.分别利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、热分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、元素分析仪以及X射线粉末衍射仪表征双氧水改性炭黑的表面基团结构、氧含量、晶型结构.结果表明,炭黑表面经过双氧水氧化改性后,大量的羧基、羟基等酸性含氧基团被引入,在离心沉降(3500 r/s)60 min后,炭黑在水溶液中的稳定性系数仍然可达到50%以上,而原始炭黑却只有5%左右.     

废旧轮胎热解炭黑的研究进展

介绍废旧轮胎热解炭黑的改性和应用研究进展。目前热解炭黑的改性方法主要有表面改性剂改性、酸洗和复合改性等,热解炭黑主要用作橡胶填料和沥青填料以及用于耐火材料和混凝土中。热解炭黑的应用仍未从根本上实现,寻找能够使热解炭黑表面活性提高并能让热解炭黑在基体中分散均匀的方法以及拓展热解炭黑的应用是今后的重点课题。     

接枝共聚改性炭黑的分散稳定性

讨论了乙烯基单体接枝共聚改性炭黑在介质中的分散性能。利用TEM表征了接枝炭黑的分散形态，借助透光率比较了未改性炭黑和改性炭黑的分散稳定性，井采用Zeta电位法分析了改性炭黑的表面性质     

废轮胎热解再生炭黑表面活性

为克服废轮胎常压热解再生炭黑(PC)表面碳质沉积物过多、表面活性差和不适于橡胶补强应用等缺点,本文以反相气相色谱法为分析手段,分别通过硝酸酸洗和硬脂酸-硝酸酸洗等方法改性处理PC,以期改善PC结构和提高其表面性能,继而改善PC填充天然橡胶硫化胶的机械性能.系统地考察了未改性PC以及硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑(WPC)、硬脂酸-硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑(SWPC)表面能色散分量、极性分量、热力学函数变化以及炭黑表面不同活性点的能量分布情况,并考察了改性处理对热解炭黑填充天然橡胶硫化胶机械性能的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸酸洗改性在炭黑表面引入较多的羟基和羧基等官能团,导致其表面能过高,不利于天然橡胶补强.而在硝酸酸洗基础上,通过加入硬脂酸再改性后,可以减少炭黑颗粒之间的团聚,降低表面能,改善炭黑在硫化胶中的分散性.通过硫化胶机械性能测试实验发现,与PC和WPC相比,填充SWPC的天然橡胶具有较高的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、300%定伸应力,能基本达到半补强炭黑的应用标准.     

Carbon black used as a fluidization aid in gas phase elastomer polymerization: I. Carbon black-monomer interactions

The adsorption of butadiene on carbon black is a function of surface properties, high reinforcing, high surface area carbon black adsorbs more butadiene than low reinforcing big particle size carbon black. It is found that the functional groups on modified carbon blacks, oxidized or sulfur modified carbon blacks significantly reduces the butadiene concentration in headspace. Chemisorption of butadiene on the carbon black surface strongly holds butadiene on the surface, which prevents desorption of butadiene from the carbon black surface. These modified carbon blacks result in a very low concentration of butadiene in the headspace, usually 50-100 times lower than unmodified carbon black.     

炭黑的物化性质及表征

炭黑是一种微观结构，粒子形态和表面性能都极为特殊的炭素材料，炭黑原生粒子是由同心石墨层排列组成，炭黑含有氢，氧及硫等元素，它们基本上位于炭黑表面，形成具有化学活性的表面官能团，决定了炭黑的化学性质，仪器分析技术的发展，为人们研究炭黑表面性质提供了有效的手段，进一步认识了炭黑粒子的表面形态。     

碳黑的表面臭氧氧化

研究了碳黑表面的臭氧氧化。研究表明,碳黑的表面含氧量与提供给单位碳黑表面的臭氧量成正比。臭氧氧化增加了碳黑的表面酸性。红外光谱及Ｘ光电子能谱表明,臭氧氧化在碳黑表面引进了羧基基团。氧化后的碳黑进一步加强了硝基丁二烯橡胶的物理性能。     

提高炭黑分散性能的硝酸氧化研究

为了得到具有优良分散性的炭黑,利用硝酸长时间氧化。作沉降实验,用稳定系数检测炭黑的分散稳定性;用红外光谱、激光粒度仪、元素分析仪、光电子能谱检测其表面的物化性质;用单晶X射线衍射仪确定炭黑的晶相结构。研究表明：通过硝酸氧化,增加了炭黑的表面含氧量,使炭黑的分散性得到了极大的提高;硝酸氧化在炭黑表面引入了羧基、羟基等酸性含氧基团。     

Interaction of 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride and carbon black and its influence on carbon black filled rubbers

The interactions of the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (AMIMCl) with different grades of carbon black have been investigated using rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. We could prove strong attractive interactions of AMIMCl with the carbon black surface, which result, for example, in the formation of an AMIMCl–carbon black–bucky gel and in an increased glass transition temperature of the ionic liquid in the presence of carbon black. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the AMIMCl is preferably attached to the edges of graphitic crystals at the carbon black surface, which have the highest adsorption energies. A surface treatment of different grades of carbon black with AMIMCl led to significant changes of the mechanical and electrical properties of different rubber compounds filled with carbon black, which can be attributed to a decreased filler–polymer interaction and a local plasticising effect of the AMIMCl at the carbon black surface.     

苯甲酰化环糊精键合固定相的制备及手性拆分

合成了苯甲酰化β-环糊精键合固定相,用元素分析和红外光谱对固定相进行了表征。该固定相在正相和反相条件下对某些对映异构体有良好的拆分能力。     

Importance of fullerenic active sites in surface modification of carbon black by plasma polymerisation

Carbon black is widely used as an active filler in rubber to improve the physical properties. The surface energy of carbon black is high compared to that of various elastomers like Styrene-Butadiene rubber, Butadiene rubber and Ethylene-Propylene Diene rubber. Reducing the surface energy and matching its surface chemistry will aid in compatibilising carbon black with various elastomers. Surface modification of carbon black by plasma polymerisation has been attempted earlier in order to reduce the surface energy of carbon black. These studies have shown that for effective surface modification of carbon black, there should be available a sufficient number of surface active sites. The present paper looks into the possibilities of utilizing the surface activity of a by-product of the production of fullerene, the fullerene soot for its use in a plasma modification process. Thermogravimetric analysis, wetting behaviour with various liquids of known surface tension, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterise the carbon black before and after surface modification. The study shows that the fullerenic type structures present on the surface of fullerenic soot act as very active growth sites for the plasma polymer.     

The polymerization of styrene catalyzed by n-butyllithium in the presence of carbon black

The polymerization of styrene catalyzed by n-butyllithium has been carried out in the presence of carbon black at 0°C in toluene. A large portion of the catalyst was consumed by the reaction with the carbon black surface and thus the growth of polystyrene anions on the surface was hindered to a considerable extent. The typical retardation of conversion of styrene monomer to polymer does not change even in the presence of carbon black pretreated with sodium borohydride solution. The intrinsic viscosities of the homopolymers formed in the presence of carbon black were found to be higher than those of the ones formed in the absence of carbon black. On the other hand, the addition of carbon black during the anionic polymerization of styrene was found to promote grafting the growing polymer anions onto the surface of carbon black, consequently giving polymer-grafted particles, while hindering the conversion of styrene into polymer. However, little grafting was observed when the carbon black pretreated with sodium borohydride solution was used. The phenomena indicate that quinonic groups present on the surface of carbon black may be responsible for the capture of growing polymer anions.     

炭黑表面聚合物接枝改性的研究进展

介绍了各种单体通过自由基聚合、阴离子聚合、阳离子聚合等机理在炭黑表面的接技改性及活性聚合物在炭黑表面的接枝反应的研究进展,归纳了改性炭黑的性能及其表征方法。     

悬浮聚合法制备墨粉的粒度控制及成粒机理分析

研究了含有微细炭黑粒子混和单体悬浮聚合产物的粒径及形貌特性.分析了炭黑添加量、超声分散搅拌作用及分散剂、助分散剂对产物粒径的影响,并分析了形成炭黑颗粒镶嵌于聚合物表面的原因.结果表明在超声分散作用下,添加适量的炭黑及Span80有助于混和单体相的稳定,从而利于产物粒径的减小和较光滑表面的形成;搅拌作用存在一临界值;分散剂及助分散剂是影响产物粒径的重要因素,对粒子形状也有影响.炭黑粒子与水相和油相的表面能及体系粘度随反应进程的变化是导致炭黑粒子镶嵌于聚合物表面结构的原因.