工程数据库管理系统对设计过程的支持

工程设计过程具有长久性，试探性和协作性的特点，常规商用事务处理的概念和方法无法满足工程设计过程的需求，本文描述我们自行研制的工程数据库管理系统ＯＳＣＡＲ的事务管理模型，给出了ＯＳＣＡＲ的支持工程设计过程的三个核心机制，即检入／检出／保存／回退及通知。     

面向工程设计过程的劳动计量方法与模型研究

提出工程设计过程的工作转换模型。基于该模型,将工程设计分为功能性和非功能性设计两大过程,进而研究了两设计过程的工作步与操作特性及劳动量影响因素,在此基础上,应用神经网络理论等,建立面向工程设计过程的劳动计量方法与模型。     

适用于工程设计的多智体协商冲突解决方法研究

讨论和分析了工程设计协作的特点和产生设计冲突的原因，根据分布式人工智能的思想，给出了适用于工程设计的多智体协商冲突解决模型和相关的冲突化解方法，其目的是通过工程设计过程中的冲突发现和冲突化解，提高设计效率，减少设计错误，降低成本。     

基于知识的CAD系统的本系结构和关键技术的理论与实践

工程设计是一个知识驱动的创造性过程，KBE技术是促进工程设计智能化的重要途径。本文在深入总结前人研究工作的基础上．系统地论述了基于知识的CAD系统的基本内涵、体系结构和扣关的关键技术。产品建模的核心问题是建立相关的知识模型和计算模型。本文对知识模型和计算模型，以及它们之间的关系进行了分析。     

工程数据库系统的设计事务模型

本文提出了工程数据库系统ＯＳＣＡＲ的设计事务模型，该模型既体现了工程设计过程的全局试探特征，也体现了其局部试探特征，本文同时给出该模型的一种基于影子页面和日志技术的实现方法。     

基于知识的CAD系统的体系结构和关键技术的理论与实践

工程设计是一个知识驱动的创造性过程,KBE技术是促进工程设计智能化的重要途径。本文在深入总结前人研究工作的基础上,系统地论述了基于知识的CAD系统的基本内涵、体系结构和相关的关键技术。产品建模的核心问题是建立相关的知识模型和计算模型。本文对知识模型和计算模型,以及它们之间的关系进行了分析。     

工程CAD应用软件分析建模方法研究

在分析工程设计特点的基础上,从软件工程角度,讨论了工程CAD软件系统分析建模的方法;提出一种基于面向对象技术的对象设计过程框架模型,描述了主要设计对象及其主要结构、继承性和信息传递,并就对象之间的各种复杂关系进行了深入的讨论。这种方法的一个潜在优点是软件的可重用性、可互换性。     

软件开发过程及其模型（I）

软件过程模型是软件过程的一种模型，它是软件开发的指导思想和全局性框架。软件过程模型的提出和发展反映了人们对软件过程的某种认识观，体现了人们对软件开发过程认识的提高和飞跃。软件过程模型对软件开发的作用不论怎么强调也不算过分。然而，问题是：迄今为止，无一称得上是完善的、普遍适用的。论题“软件开发过程及其模型”分析、讨论多种重要的过程模型的发展、哲学基础、形式概念、本质特征、适用性及其优缺点。本是论题     

采用单幅草图的正交多面体模型生成方法

为便于用户在工程设计时使用草图进行三维模型设计,提出一种从单幅草图生成正交多面体模型的方法.根据正交多面体模型的结构特点定义了建模过程中的特征层次体系及其转换规则,通过规则推理实现各层次特征的转换,以支持用户使用简图方式快速地生成多面体模型;同时,使用决策树管理转换规则集合实现对规则的训练和更新,以保证规则集的可拓展性和鲁棒性.实验结果表明:该方法能生成多种复杂的正交多面体模型,且决策树方法能有效地支持对规则集合的训练和更新.     

基于图元对象的工程产品CAD信息集成模型

产品信息建模是工程设计中各类产品信息通信，交换和共享的关键，工程产品信息模型要求具备统一，完备及动态的协同特征，文中针对工程设计的特点和工程产品的信息结构层次，通过“图元对象”概念的引入，图元对象粒度的建立和协同链接集成，在图元对象的内部关联和外部链接两个层次建立了工程产品CAD信息集成模型，最后在工程实现说明了该信息模型的合理性与有效性。     

A new programming paradigm for engineering design software

Currently available programming and database systems are insufficient for engineering applications. The authors contend that a logical progression from a formal conceptual model of the engineering domain to a computational model will lead to new programming paradigms capable of directly supporting engineering applications in a rigorous, concise manner. A formal domain model devised by the authors, theHybrid Model (HM) of design information, is briefly introduced. It is an extension of axiomatic set theory and is discussed in detail elsewhere. HM forms the basis ofDesigner, a prototype-based object-oriented programming language supporting a signature-based canonical message-passing mechanism and multiple inheritance. Designer is implemented using the Scheme programming language. Because Designer satisfies a formal conceptual model, and because it is based on a formally specified language, its robustness and logical validity are superior to those of other languages not founded on formal principles. Designer combines concepts of functional and object-oriented programming to provide the formal rigor and flexibility to capture the complex and strongly interrelated information that designers use. Examples demonstrate how Designer represents design information. The results of the authors' research indicate that Designer can capture design information (including aspects of functional requirements and design intent) effectively and efficiently.     

Expanding bottleneck management from manufacturing to product design and engineering processes

Bottlenecks inhibit the performance of companies. Up to now, bottleneck management research has concentrated on manufacturing processes, while neglecting product design and engineering processes. This research fills this gap through developing and testing of a new bottleneck management concept for product design and engineering processes. The new concept is developed using a system theory modelling approach and comprises of four bottleneck management counter measures. Two propositions were developed to test the concept through an event-discrete simulation model. The simulation is grounded on empirical data from three design-driven companies and tests the impact of the four bottleneck management counter measures on the performance of product design and engineering processes. The findings from the simulation confirm the applicability of the newly developed bottleneck concept to improve the performance of product design and engineering processes. In doing so, this research study expands bottleneck management for the first time from manufacturing to product design and engineering processes.     

语义Web中工程设计类知识表示研究

研究了如何在语义Web中,实现工程设计类知识的表示与应用。对工程设计类各种异构知识进行统一描述,在此基础上,运用RDF(S)技术,建立了语义Web环境下,工程设计类知识的Ontology。提出了基于语义Web的知识存储模型以及面向上层应用程序的接口设计,为语义Web环境下工程设计类知识管理系统的开发提供了底层平台。     

工程数据库中的数据组织

本文在讨论工程数据结构特点的基础上，针对工程设计和工程信息管理系统，提出了一种在工程数据库中存储中描述工程数据的方法，并对常用的工程图形信息，设计原型和铁路确报信息等结构进行了论述和实践。     

A Data Manager for Engineering Applications

Efficient data management is crucial to the success of a CAD/CAM system.Traditional databas systems,designed to deal with only regular and structural data,cannot efficiently manage design data.In this paper,we present a data manager called EDBMS/2,which has been developed by our laboratory for engineering support applications.EDBMS/2 has a data model that combines features of both relational and semantic ones and owns flexible abilities for modeling engineering data,such as variable-length data processing,integrated management of structuresd data and unstructured data,and composite object handling.Mechanisms based on DBV and DBV graph concepts,proposed in EDBMS/2 ,make EDBMS/2 own powerful abilities for version management and run efficiently.By now,EDBMS/2 has been used successfully in EDCADS(integrated Electronic Devices CAD environment)project and as a lower level support to develop and object-oriented DBMS for mechanical engineering.     

Engineering of markets and artifacts

In this paper, we continue the dialog started by Roth [The Economist as Engineer: Game theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics, Fisher Schultz lecture, Econometrica 70 (2002) (4) 1341–1378] between economics and engineering in the context of design of markets. We take the position that markets and engineered artifacts are the products of a social process of design formulation. Our perspective is that designing of markets and artifacts follow the same kind of problem formulation and solution testing process. Further, we show using two case studies that the design of engineered artifacts and markets are often interdependent. In light of their similarities, methodologies for modeling and testing using theoretical, analytical, computation and physical models in engineering can inform the development of methods for testing in the design of markets. We also illustrate an example of devising a test and results of its execution thorough the use of a simple computational model of an electric power market. We conclude by summarizing the similarities between the designing of markets and artifacts and call for a continued dialogue between engineers and economists.     

Visual Prolog的SQL接口及其应用

概述了Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ的基本特点，讨论了Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ Ｖ４．０的ＳＱＬ接口技术，论述了ＳＱＬ接口的工作原理和参数传递等问题，提出了利用该技术的机械设计专家系统基本模型，以充分利用现有的ＣＡＤ工程数据库资源。     

A four-step model for diagnosing knowledge transfer challenges from operations into engineering design

Knowledge gained from operations can help optimize the design of new installations in terms of system performance, health, and safety. Transferring such knowledge to engineering design teams makes it available for use in projects. However, the transfer involves different challenges. To better understand and identify these challenges, we combine a knowledge transfer model with a work systems model into the development of a conceptual four-step model for knowledge transfer from operations to engineering design. Knowledge transfer implies that the knowledge must be captured, transformed into an engineering design context, transferred to the appropriate individuals, and finally, applied to the design of new facilities. In this paper, we 1) present the development of this model, 2) illustrate its application in an empirical case study in an offshore oil company, and 3) propose a generic diagnostic tool to be applied in companies to diagnose and identify the existing challenges within knowledge transfer from operations to engineering design.Relevance to industryThe proposed diagnostic tool allows for better understanding of design problems to be faced and for developing design solutions that improve health, safety, and production effectiveness. This benefits knowledge management and engineering design professionals in industries with geographically dispersed organizations.