润滑油添加剂生物毒性的研究

采用发光细菌作为试验生物,对几种典型发动机润滑油添加剂的生物毒性进行了试验研究。该方法为油类污染的生物监测和水生生态毒理学研究提供了新的试验生物模型。试验结果表明，添加剂具有一定的生物毒性且差异很大,其使用范围和比例受到生物毒性指标的限制；润滑油的生物毒性主要取决于其添加剂的生物毒性。这对添加剂的合理使用具有指导意义,亦为研究低生物毒性、环境友好润滑油提供了基础数据.研究中发现，一般润滑油添加剂水融合一组分（WAF）溶液载荷率与其相对发光度呈指数递减关系，并给出了基本经验公式。     

舷外机用环境友好润滑油及其生物毒性的研究

利用发光细菌作为受试生物对研制的舷外机用TC-W3环境友好润滑油生物毒性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明以三羟甲基丙烷酯(TMP)为主调制的基础油具有低生物毒性、高润滑性能等优点,而以传统矿物油为主的基础油生物毒性较高,大量添加不利于实现低生物毒性的环境友好指标。润滑油的生物毒性主要取决于其添加剂的生物毒性,而添加剂生物毒性差异很大,合理选用添加剂及其使用比例是研制环境友好润滑油的关键。通过对润滑油基础油和添加剂的筛选及配比试验,成功地研制出低生物毒性、可生物降解的TC-W3环境友好润滑油,经润滑性、生物降解性和生物毒性试验,各项指标均满足设计要求。     

纳米减摩修复添加剂摩擦学性能的试验研究

在MRH-3高速环块摩擦磨损实验机上,研究了纳米微粒Cu,A l,A l2O3以及不同配比的混合纳米粒子加入到SD40基础油中的摩擦学性能,并探讨了纳米添加剂的减摩机制。结果表明:含有纳米Cu,A l,A l2O3粒子的润滑油添加剂能显著提高SD40基础油的承载能力和减摩性能,且对表面具有一定的修复能力。     

抗磨添加剂对不同服役阶段润滑油摩擦学性能的影响

采用黏度测试仪测定新油及3种不同服役阶段润滑油的黏度,采用UMT-II摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦学性能,并同时考察3种在用润滑油添加抗磨添加剂后的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明:润滑油的黏度随着运行里程数的增加呈现先降后增的趋势;随润滑油运行里程数的增加,润滑油的摩擦因数增大,导致试验钢球的磨损量也增加;抗磨添加剂对不同服役阶段的润滑油的抗磨性能影响程度不同,在磨合磨损期和正常磨损期,加入抗磨添加剂后并不能改善润滑油的抗磨性能,而在异常磨损期,抗磨添加剂的加入可较好地改善润滑油的抗磨性能。     

纳米TiO2添加剂对低黏度润滑油成膜性能的影响

为改善低黏度润滑油的摩擦磨损性能和成膜性能,选用纳米TiO₂为添加剂,低黏度的聚α烯烃（PAO8、PAO10）和聚醚（PAG）作为基础油,在四球式摩擦磨损实验机上考察纳米TiO₂添加剂对润滑油摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用点接触光弹流润滑试验台,研究不同速度、载荷下和纳米TiO₂添加量对润滑油成膜性能的影响。结果表明:加入一定质量分数的纳米TiO₂添加剂能够明显提高润滑油的抗磨减摩性能,在PAO8、PAG和PAO10基础油中分别加入质量分数0. 3%、0. 05%和0. 3%的纳米TiO₂时,摩擦因数和磨斑直径均最小;综合比较摩擦因数和磨斑直径,纳米TiO₂在PAO8基础油中表现出最好的抗磨减摩性能,摩擦因数减小了约54. 5%,磨斑直径降低了约10. 4%;随着卷吸速度的增加,润滑油的最小膜厚也逐渐增加,在相同卷吸速度下,与纯基础油相比,添加一定质量分数纳米TiO₂添加剂的最小膜厚明显增加;随着纳米TiO₂粒子添加量...     

自修复润滑油的应用

（1）自修复润滑油的机理 具有自修复功能的润滑油是在传统润滑油中加入具有修复功能的添加剂合成的，又称为动态或在线自修复润滑油、金属减摩修复技术、有自修复功能的新型混合型润滑材料、纳米自修复添加剂等。     

基于FTIR的水分对柴油机油添加剂的影响研究

为了研究水分对不含金属磨粒的润滑油新油和含金属磨粒的润滑油旧油的添加剂消耗的影响,在CD15W-40柴油机润滑油中加入蒸馏水配制水分质量分数为0～0.8%的润滑油样;模拟柴油机气缸套-活塞环摩擦副的磨损工况,对各润滑油样进行磨损实验;对磨损实验后的润滑油样进行傅里叶红外(FTIR)光谱分析,分析油样在无光照的环境中贮存不同时间时各添加剂含量的变化,并与磨损实验前的润滑油新油的FTIR分析结果进行比较。结果表明:未进行磨损实验的润滑油新油,在水分质量分数为0.2%及以上时,抗泡沫添加剂和清净剂的消耗速度随着水分质量分数的增加而加快,而抗磨损添加剂的消耗速度和润滑油中的水分没有直接关系;磨损实验后含有金属磨粒的旧油,在水分质量分数为0.1%及以上时,抗泡沫添加剂、抗磨损添加剂和清净剂的消耗速度都会随着水分质量分数的增加而增加。     

纳米TiN润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

使用四球摩擦试验机研究纳米TiN作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能, 并利用磨斑测量系统、激光共聚焦显微镜OLS1100和EDS测试分析其磨损特性和自修复性能。实验结果表明：纳米TiN作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的抗磨减摩和自修复性能;在润滑油中加入质量分数为05%的纳米TiN添加剂和10%的PEG 200分散剂,可达到最佳的抗磨减摩效果。在高载荷下,纳米TiN润滑油的自修复比表面抛光的效果更好。     

粒径对油溶性Cu纳米颗粒抗磨性能的影响

用两相法合成了表面为双正十二烷氧基二硫代磷酸(DDP)修饰的Cu纳米颗粒,通过改变反应物的添加比例有效控制了Cu纳米颗粒的粒径,并利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了DDP修饰Cu纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能。结果表明,所制备的Cu纳米颗粒粒径越小,其作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能越好。     

几种纳米固体润滑添加剂热稳定性及其对基础油黏度的影响

采用综合热分析仪测试纳米铜、镍、锡和SiO2粉以及超细蛇纹石粉的差热分析曲线,研究了常用固体润滑添加剂的热稳定性,并用平氏毛细管黏度法研究了含不同质量分数纳米金属Cu-Ni-Sn粉、纳米SiO2粉和超细蛇纹石粉对基础油黏度及黏度指数的影响.结果表明:纳米铜、镍、锡和SiO2粉以及超细蛇纹石粉等几种固体润滑添加剂的热学性质比较稳定,在200 ℃以前不发生氧化现象,其对基础油的黏度和黏度指数没有影响,具备作为润滑油添加剂的条件.     

Test methods to judge the eco-compatibility of lubricants

Diverse physical and chemical test methods are employed to evaluate important environmental characteristics of lubricants and lubricant related waste materials. The most important chemical tests are closely related to lubricant composition. The amount of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in base oils, as well as the potential amount of heavy metals in additives must be known. Among the biological tests, the most important are those dealing with biodegradation characteristics, but neither human nor ecotoxicity tests can be ignored.     

Toxicogenomic analysis of gene expression changes in human liver cells after exposure to environmentally friendly lubricants

A lubricant based on synthetic esters and a mixture of this lubricant with additives and metals simulating the intake caused by usage were investigated with various ecotoxicological and genotoxicological tests. Tests with algae, daphnids and bacteria demonstrated an influence of the mixture on ecotoxicity. The genotoxicity tests, however, showed no effects for both samples. In addition, genetic effects were examined in detail by using gene expression profiles of HepG2 cells. Comparison of the set of regulated genes for early and late time points indicated a certain concordance between the genes up‐regulated after 6 and 24 hours of exposure. The correlation for the corresponding down‐regulated gene groups is slightly lower. Generally, the number of regulated genes is low (3–6%) demonstrating a marginal influence. The results indicate that the assessment of gene expression profiles, in addition to the quantification of toxic effects, may give important information on ways of toxic action of a substance. These data can be used in the development of new chemicals or products in order to minimize toxic effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of trialkyl phosphites and other oil additives on the boundary friction of oxide ceramics against themselves and metals

In order to examine the fundamental boundary friction properties of ceramics, reciprocating friction experiments of oxide ceramics such as zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide were conducted with trialkyl phosphites and other oil additives. When ceramics were slid against ceramics, no additives used in this study reduced friction markedly. Trialkyl phosphites with short carbon chains appreciably increase the friction coefficients compared with base oil. Several kinds of pure metals were slid against oxide ceramics with a trialkyl phosphite which gave the lowest friction in the case of ceramic to ceramic contacts, and the friction coefficients were compared with those of base oil. The trialkyl phosphite reduces the friction of ceramics slid against each metal except for Cu. Reaction products between Cu and phosphorus had adhesive characteristics against oxide ceramics and increased friction.     

The application of carbon nanotubes in high-efficiency low power consumption field-emission luminescent tube

In this report, details are given of our recent experimental study of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as cathode of the luminescent tubes. The CNT film is synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Two kinds of luminescent tubes that have different gaps have been fabricated. The luminescent tube with 0.1mm gap has a low threshold voltage of about 780V and high emission current of 300 microA when the gate voltage is 970V. The DC power consumption of the luminescent tube with a 0.1mm gap is approximately 1.12W. The results show that the CNTs are very good emission sources and suitable for application in the luminescent tube.     

发光菌急性毒性分析方法的比较和优化

从发光菌急性毒性测试方法的原理出发,分析现行国标方法的缺陷,并深入比较国外主流仪器的优缺点,进而总结出一套可靠性更高的急性毒性测试方法。方法涵盖实验分析、干扰分析、数据处理、质量控制等方面。同时,针对现有方法研究中的不足,提出建立青海弧菌Q67毒性数据库及真和发光菌研发两个方向,为发光菌急性毒性测试方法新国标的修制定提供参考。     

极压抗磨添加剂在复合锂基润滑脂中作用的研究

将3种极压抗磨添加剂(T304、T321和T404)分别加入到4种不同组分的复合锂基润滑脂中,考察其对润滑脂性能的影响。研究发现,加入不同的添加剂后润滑脂的油膜强度增加,锥入度增大,滴点降低;在添加同样剂量的情况下,T304和T321对复合锂基润滑脂的油膜强度影响较大;T321和T404对复合锂基润滑脂的锥入度影响较大;T304和T321对复合锂基润滑脂的滴点影响较大。并对其作用机制进行了分析,认为是由于极压抗磨添加剂分子中带负电性的双键和带正诱导效应及空间位阻效应的支链共同作用的结果。     

A friction coefficient of 0.05 in aqueous systems

Low friction coefficients, i.e., below 0.10, in mineral oil based lubricants have been traditionally obtained using glycerol mono oleate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate or molybdenum dithiophosphate. In aqueous systems this is more difficult to achieve, and wear protection is also problematic due to the polar nature of the substrate. There is substantial interest in low toxicity/ecotoxicity additives, especially in metalworking fluid applications, where disposal of the finished fluid can be expensive. In this paper, a novel ashless (metal‐free) friction modifier with antiwear properties, specifically designed for aqueous systems, is reviewed. This additive does not contain phosphorus, sulphur, or halogens. Some preliminary results in water based lubricants, for example, polyalkylene glycols, for metal forming applications are presented.     

含超细颗粒固液二相流对PSZ陶瓷与钢摩擦磨损特性的影响

在往复式摩擦磨损试验机上研究了含超细颗粒固液二相流对部分稳定二氧化锆（ＰＳＺ）陶瓷与ＧＣｒ１５钢滑劝副的摩擦磨损性能的影响。选择９０＾＃机械油和ＱＣ３０汽机油为基础油,分别加入五种超细固体颗粒,配制出不同浓度的２０种油样,分别在１６０１７０和１００℃温度下进行试验。结果表明：超细固体颗粒添加剂的用量、试验温度和基础油都影响陶与钢滑动副的摩擦磨损性能。对超细颗粒添加剂的润滑机理进行了初步探讨。