水中弹道测试的数据处理技术

水中高速运动弹丸的测试不同于空气中测试,由于水中运动的弹丸的速度降很大,而且是非线性的,因此常规的区截靶测试和光电测试等方法都无法准确测试弹丸的运动轨迹及速度、加速度和转速等参数．但由于水中弹道及运动规律、水中弹丸受力和阻力系数的测量又迫切要求知道弹丸的精确运动规律,因此需要研究水中弹道参数的精确测试技术．本文介绍了一种数据处理方法,使用高速摄像测量技术和图像处理方法,利用样条拟合方法,可在亚像素精度上确定弹丸的位置等参数．该方法可以有效地解决水中弹道数据的测量问题．     

一种弹丸炸点空间三维坐标测量系统

一种用来检测弹丸接近空间特定目标时作用效能的弹丸炸点空间三维坐标测量系统.文章分析已有的立靶精度测量和炸点位置测量方法,选择了测量弹丸炸点空间位置坐标的最佳组合方案,介绍利用交汇光幕立靶测量与数码影像比例算法组合的测量原理和空间坐标计算公式.     

枪口弹丸定位传感器研究

在轻武器测试技术领域,经常需要检测弹丸经过枪口时的信号,该信号可作为测量弹丸初速的记时启动信号(枪口靶),外弹道测量(如弹丸精确炸点定位)的时间基准,高射频武器电控发射时的弹序检测信号,射频测试信号等.本文详细介绍一种枪口弹丸定位传感器的研究成果,包括传感器的三种不同结构形式,它们的工作原理,典型输出信号,传感器结构及骨架材料对输出信号的影响,信号调理器的基本要求等.文章还介绍了新型弹丸定位传感器的主要特点及应用情况.     

基于激波测试技术的弹丸射击精度测试系统

枪炮等管式武器的弹丸射击精度是评价武器性能和指导武器设计的重要技术指标.为了研究和准确测量枪炮的射击精度,设计了新型枪炮弹丸射击精度测试系统,包括高速弹丸探测传感器阵列和数据处理终端.前者探测高速飞行的弹丸产生的激波变化,经过信号调理后数字采样,并由无线数传设备传输至数据处理终端;后者根据数学模型及其算法,计算得到弹丸的射击精度,并进行汇总、统计分析、报告生成与打印等.系统基于激波测试技术和数字信号无线传输技术,实现了高速飞行弹丸的全弹道射击精度自动测试.系统结构紧凑,布设便捷,降低了使用要求,克服了人为布设仪器带来的随机误差.增加激波传感器数量,系统测试精度可以达到校验级,以用于对天幕精度靶、光幕精度靶等传统光学精度靶的校验.通过试验可知,系统测试精度高,性能稳定,没有误报、漏报现象,具有极大的推广应用价值.     

炸点目标在高帧频电视测量中的指标分析

对高帧频电视测量的炸点目标飞行指标进行了分析,推导出测角误差、作用距离、飞行时间与飞行高度等飞行指标的计算公式,在此基础上对不同速度的相机和不同速度的运动目标的测角误差进行了对比研究。结果表明,采用高帧频电视测量对减小测角误差作用明显;同时,根据作用距离与相机拍摄速度的制约关系,进一步得出作用距离与拍摄速度的关系式。当相机工作在200fps,炸点飞行速度小于50m/s,爆炸当量200g TNT,利用对比分析结果和推导出的关系式,计算出测角误差小于50″,最大作用距离3km。经靶场实测,计算结果与实际飞行指标基本吻合。     

利用Linnik显微干涉技术测量微结构动态特性

为了实现微结构的离面运动、幅频特性和谐振频率等动态参数的测量,设计开发了微结构动态测试系统,采用Linnik显微干涉结构,具有放大倍率高和工作距离长的特点.首先,系统利用频闪成像技术、五步相移方法和分割线去包裹算法测量微结构离面运动,然后,再通过扫频技术得到微结构的幅频特性和谐振频率.利用该测试系统对硅微悬臂梁的离面振动和幅频特性进行了测试,实验结果表明:硅微悬臂梁的谐振频率为13.03kHz,离面振动测量重复性误差小于10nm.系统具有较好的测量可重复性和较高的测量精度,能满足微结构动态特性测量对测试系统的性能要求.     

一种新型全光纤弹速测量系统的研制

研制了一种新型的利用激光光束反射原理的全光纤弹速测量系统。该系统采用了全光纤结构和光纤耦合器等无源器件,以输出光功率1mW, 工作波长1300nm的半导体激光器作为测试系统的光源,用光纤耦合器进行分光,实现了在一根光纤中同时传输光源和接受目标反射的信号光,避免了复杂的调节和准直过程。该系统结构简单、可靠性高,利用它,成功地测量了霍普金森杆发射的子弹速度,结果表明其速度测量相对不确定度小于1%。     

高速测量型全光纤电流互感器

常规特高压直流系统对全光纤电流互感器的响应时间要求小于400μs,而在柔性多端换流站中对其响应时间要求小于100μs,这对全光纤电流互感器的信号处理速度及测量精度提出了更高的要求.本文基于全光纤电流互感器测量原理及采样对象关键特征的研究,从采样频率、闭环控制电路增益、噪声抑制、通讯带宽等方面提出了一种测量精度高、响应速度快的全光纤电流互感器设计方法.并基于此方案设计样机进行了阶跃响应及准确度的实验验证,测得该样机总响应时间不超过40μs,且在(10～600)％额定电流下的测量误差不超过0.1％.     

用于测量雷电流的全光纤电流传感器

雷电流测量是研究雷电的一个重要部分。为此,本文研究了一种用于测量雷电流的全光纤电流传感器。首先,介绍了光纤电流传感器的基本原理及结构组成;其次,在实验室中对该传感器的响应速度、测量精度及测量范围等性能指标进行了测试。结果表明,该传感器的响应速度为微秒级,可测量范围在1 kA~100 kA,动态范围大于40 dB,测量误差小于5%,测量波形与标准的Pearson电流探头测试波形相比一致性较好,该研究为雷电流测量提供了一种新方法。     

嵌入式高速电磁阀检测系统设计

研制了一套嵌入式技术的高速电磁阀性能检测系统.该系统在硬件和软件设计上均采用向下兼容的设计原则,可以在不同驱动电压和不同气压下测试二位二通、三位五通等多种电磁阀的动态响应特性及启动气压和泄漏量.采用MSA(测量系统分析)中的评定方法Ⅰ做了大量试验,结果表明,压力测量最大误差小于3 kPa,相对误差为0.449 7%,时间测试精度范围小于1 ms,参照《专用检测设备评定方法指南》计算得到的系统测量能力指数(Cg、Cgk)均≥1.33,满足设备验收要求.     

The Present State and Problems of Ensuring Common Standards of Measurements in the Area of Fiber-Optical Data-Transmission Systems

The present state and problems of ensuring common standards of measurements in the area of fiber-optical data transmission systems and their components are considered. Possible approaches to solving these problems and the main methods and instruments developed in Russia at the present time in this area of measurements are analyzed. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 60–64, November, 2005.     

A digital optical sensor for the remote monitoring of temperature

A method for the continuous monitoring of the change in temperature of remote physical objects based on waveguide ring microwave resonators, and also its diagramatic representation, is proposed. The results of calculations, which enable the range of accuracy of temperature measurements to be optimized using a digital optical sensor, are presented. The short response time and the small dimensions and mass of the proposed sensor enable continuous remote monitoring of the temperature to be achieved in locations that are difficult to access. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 54–57, March, 2007.     

基于光纤矢量水听器的浅海噪声矢量场特性研究

基于简正波理论分析了浅海噪声矢量场声压和质点振速的强度特性,仿真了浅海声压和质点振速的噪声强度在深度和频率上的变化特性,噪声矢量场强度特性仿真结果与实验测量结果一致。针对声场测量的有效性,给出了加速度通道自噪声谱级和灵敏度必须满足的关系式,并提出了降低自噪声对接收系统影响的两种措施。最后分析并对比了系统自噪声谱级和海洋环境噪声谱级,结果表明,声压通道的自噪声比环境噪声谱级低20 d B左右,Y通道和Z通道的自噪声比环境噪声低3.5 d B以上,X通道的自噪声谱级在200 Hz附近与环境噪声谱级最为接近,约比环境噪声低1.5 d B。     

变压器工频短路电流测量技术研究

针对变压器工频短路电流测量需求,研究了外积分式罗氏线圈技术和光纤电流传感技术。建立了2种传感器的低频数学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真计算传感器对工频短路电流的响应特性,结果表明:罗氏线圈对工频短路电流的测量精度受其下截止频率影响,下截止频率越低,测量精度越高;光纤电流传感器理论上可以精确复现工频短路电流。采用多种电流传感器进行变压器工频短路电流现场对比测试,结果表明:电流比较仪、光纤电流传感器及下截止频率为0.02Hz的罗氏线圈测得的电流波形吻合较好,而下截止频率为0.2Hz的罗氏线圈测量结果出现了明显的偏移,且无法归零,与仿真分析结论基本一致。对于外积分式罗氏线圈,为保证高精度测量,建议下截止频率应低于0.1Hz;光纤电流传感器具有极好的直流及低频响应特性,是工频短路电流高精度测量的理想方案。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……