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电子产品和通讯技术快速发展造成的电磁污染日益严重,既危害人体健康和仪器仪表精度,又会造成信息泄露、失去安全保障等.因此,电磁屏蔽技术为直接有效的防控措施之一,通过衰减甚至完全消除电磁波来阻止电磁波的传递.电磁屏蔽机理包括电磁波反射和电磁波吸收两个方面,科学地设计制备出高性能的吸波复合材料已成为研究的热点问题之一.研究结果表明,电磁波衰减不仅需要吸波材料自身较好的电磁损耗性能,更需电磁波能够基于自由空间与基体材料间具有阻抗匹配特性,有效进入吸波材料内部,使电磁波能被吸波剂高效吸收.通常,按照制备工艺划分,吸波复合材料可分为涂敷型和结构型吸波复合材料两大类.前者是将吸波剂与涂料、粘合剂等充分混合后涂敷于元件表面作为吸波涂层,而后者则是以吸波剂作为功能载体,具有优良物理化学特性的材料作为基体,并与功能载体产生协同或增强作用的新型吸波复合材料.本文通过对电磁屏蔽理论及吸波材料的本征特性进行系统的总结归纳,并基于相关理论基础对涂敷/结构型吸波复合材料进行简要综述,对比不同类型吸波材料的吸波性能,探讨涂敷/结构型吸波复合材料未来发展的制约因素及今后发展前景,为开发新型吸波复合材料提供理论支撑和研究思路. 相似文献
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随着信息时代的到来,电磁波的泄漏给人类健康带来了严重的危害,因此,高性能电磁防护材料的设计迫在眉睫。静电纺丝技术制备的复合纳米纤维具有质量轻、成本低、比表面积大、易加工和物理化学性能稳定等优点,是近年来高性能电磁屏蔽及吸波材料研究的热点。本文首先介绍了电磁屏蔽及吸波的基本原理,并结合国内外研究现状,将市场上应用广泛的电磁屏蔽及吸波材料系统的分成了金属及金属氧化物、碳材料、导电聚合物和过渡金属碳化物4类,并进行了详细了介绍。同时,综述了各种填料对电磁屏蔽及吸波性能的影响及目前正面临的问题。 相似文献
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针对低频频段(<1.5GHz)的电磁屏蔽涂层,采用快速混合法制备出导电聚苯胺纳米线,使用透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌和尺度进行表征,研究了搅拌方式对聚苯胺/聚氨酯涂层的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。研究表明,由于磁场的作用,采用电磁搅拌法可以缩短聚苯胺聚合反应时间,合成均一的导电聚苯胺纳米线,其渗滤阈值为33.3%,含量为33.3%的聚苯胺纳米线的聚苯胺/聚氨酯涂层的电磁屏蔽性能为32.2dB,优于含量为45%的机械搅拌法制备的聚苯胺粉体,这可能是由于线性结构的导电聚苯胺在基体中能够较容易形成三维导电网络结构所致。 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出聚苯胺/金属氧化物复合导电薄膜,通过添加TiO2,Ai2O3等金属氧化物粒子可改善导电薄膜材料的电导率和热稳定性,对于不加入金属氧化物粒子的薄膜材料热处理温度在80℃以上将使其导电性降低,而对于加入TiO20.15g的试样其80℃热处理后的电导率则上升至1000S/m. 相似文献
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借助导电聚合物和软磁金属良好的电磁波吸收特性, 制备了导电聚苯胺/ 羰基铁粉复合材料。实验中把导电聚苯胺与羰基铁粉以2∶8 的比例制成复合粉, 然后再将复合粉与聚脲粘和剂以2∶8 的比例混合成吸波涂料。检测结果显示, 当聚苯胺电导率为10 -2 S/ cm、羰基铁粉平均颗粒尺寸为1~2μm, 在2~12 GHz 的频段范围可获得优于- 10 dB 的吸波性能。分析表明, 这类材料有望发展成宽频、强吸收、可人为设计特殊频段的优良吸波材料。 相似文献
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在介绍电磁屏蔽原理的基础上,论述了近年来电磁屏蔽用表层导电材料和导电复合材料的特性与发展,并详细分析了影响导电复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的因素,展望了其研究趋势及应用前景。 相似文献
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Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Grid-Mesh Films Made of Polyaniline: a Numerical Approach
The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of grid-mesh films made of polyaniline was numerically investigated, and the optimal size of the polyaniline grid was determined through numerical analyses. The permittivity of polyaniline was first determined from an inverse analysis based on experimental data. A series of numerical analyses were carried out with 225 polyaniline grid-mesh films of different thickness, spacing, and width, and the shielding effectiveness of every grid was examined. In addition to the numerical analysis, the transparency of the grid-mesh films and the amount of polyaniline material required to manufacture the unit grid area (1mx1m) were calculated. The optimal dimensions of the grid mesh were determined considering the following three factors: shielding effectiveness, transparency, and the required amount of polyaniline material. 相似文献
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高强电磁屏蔽薄膜材料在柔性器件、汽车电子和航空航天等领域具有广泛应用前景, 受珍珠母微纳米结构及其优异机械性能的启发, 利用简单的溶液共混及真空抽滤方法, 将纤维素纳米晶(CNC)和MXene混合, 经层层组装制备了高性能MXene基复合薄膜。结果表明: 薄膜的机械性能有了显著提高, 拉伸强度从18 MPa提高到57 MPa, 韧性从70 kJ/m 3提高到313 kJ/m 3, 同时保留了复合薄膜的高电导率(10 4 S/m)和优异的电磁屏蔽性能, 厚度8 μm时可达40 dB以上。 相似文献
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如今急剧增加的各种通信系统和高频电子器件导致电磁干扰现象和电磁辐射污染问题日益突出.具有泡孔结构的聚合物导电复合材料不仅具有易加工、耐化学腐蚀和性能可调的优势,其泡孔结构还可以进一步赋予材料轻质的优势,同时增强电磁波在泡孔内部的多重散射/反射衰减以提升材料对电磁波的吸收,已经成为高性能电磁屏蔽材料的研究热点之一.本文综... 相似文献
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Bin Yao Wei Hong Tianwu Chen Zhubing Han Xinwei Xu Renchao Hu Jianyu Hao Changhao Li He Li Steven E. Perini Michael T. Lanagan Sulin Zhang Qing Wang Hong Wang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(14):1907499
Polymer composites with electrically conductive fillers have been developed as mechanically flexible, easily processable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Although there are a few elastomeric composites with nanostructured silvers and carbon nanotubes showing moderate stretchability, their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) deteriorates consistently with stretching. Here, a highly stretchable polymer composite embedded with a three-dimensional (3D) liquid-metal (LM) network exhibiting substantial increases of EMI SE when stretched is reported, which matches the EMI SE of metallic plates over an exceptionally broad frequency range of 2.65–40 GHz. The electrical conductivities achieved in the 3D LM composite are among the state-of-the-art in stretchable conductors under large mechanical deformations. With skin-like elastic compliance and toughness, the material provides a route to meet the demands for emerging soft and human-friendly electronics. 相似文献
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Qinwei Wei Songfeng Pei Xitang Qian Haopeng Liu Zhibo Liu Weimin Zhang Tianya Zhou Zhangcai Zhang Xuefeng Zhang Hui-Ming Cheng Wencai Ren 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(14):1907411
Ultrathin, lightweight, high-strength, and thermally conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high shielding effectiveness (SE) are highly desired for next-generation portable and wearable electronics. Pristine graphene (PG) has a great potential to meet all the above requirements, but the poor processability of PG nanosheets hinders its applications. Here, efficient synthesis of highly aligned laminated PG films and nacre-like PG/polymer composites with a superhigh PG loading up to 90 wt% by a scanning centrifugal casting method is reported. Due to the PG-nanosheets-alignment-induced high electrical conductivity and multiple internal reflections, such films show superhigh EMI SE comparable to the reported best synthetic material, MXene films, at an ultralow thickness. An EMI SE of 93 dB is obtained for the PG film at a thickness of ≈100 µm, and 63 dB is achieved for the PG/polyimide composite film at a thickness of ≈60 µm. Furthermore, such PG-nanosheets-based films show much higher mechanical strength (up to 145 MPa) and thermal conductivity (up to 190 W m−1 K−1) than those of their MXene counterparts. These excellent comprehensive properties, along with ease of mass production, pave the way for practical applications of PG nanosheets in EMI shielding. 相似文献
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碳化硅纳米线具有优异的电磁吸收性能, 三维网络结构可以更好地使电磁波在空间内被多次反射和吸收。通过抽滤的方法制备得到体积分数20%交错排列的碳化硅纳米线网络预制体。然后采用化学气相渗透工艺制备热解炭界面和碳化硅基体, 并通过化学气相渗透和前驱体浸渍热解工艺得到致密的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料。甲烷和三氯甲基硅烷分别是热解炭和碳化硅的前驱体, 随着热解碳质量分数从21.3%增加到29.5%, 多孔SiCNWs预制体电磁屏蔽效率均值在8~12 GHz (X)波段从9.2 dB增加到64.1 dB。质量增重13%的热解碳界面修饰的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在X波段平均电磁屏蔽效率达到37.8 dB电磁屏蔽性能。结果显示, SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在新一代军事电磁屏蔽材料中具有潜在应用前景。 相似文献