NdFeB纳米晶双相复合永磁材料研究进展

NdFeB纳米晶双相复合永磁材料，由于其潜在的优异磁性能和商业价值，成为当今材料领域研究的热点。本文就近年来NdFeB纳米晶双相复合永磁材料的发展状况，从该类合金的交换耦合作用、分类以及提高磁性能的方法三个方面为重点，作简要的评述。     

Nd8Fe86B6合金非晶带的快速晶化与磁性能

利用高频感应加热，对熔体快淬Nd8Fe86B6非晶薄带进行了快速晶化。结果表明，快速加热可使非晶带迅速晶化，从而得到高性能的纳米双相Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe永磁体。加热速度对薄带的磁性能影响较大。不同的加热速度下，合适的加热时间可以得到较高磁学性能。最佳工艺所得Nd8Fe86B6薄带磁性能可达(BH)max=105．55kJ／m^3，Br=0．93T，Hci=258．26kA／m。     

Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe纳米双相复合永磁体研究进展

阐述了Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米双相复合永磁体的磁学特性、制备方法及矫顽力机制;并结合近年来纳米复合永磁体研究的新进展,讨论了制备工艺,添加合金化元素,微结构与磁体性能的关系;最后指出了纳米复合永磁体目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

各向异性热压稀土永磁体的热变形机制及微磁结构研究

重点研究制备工艺对各向异性热压稀土永磁体性能的影响,探讨了热压永磁体的热变形机理和数学描述模型,并尝试从微磁结构的角度研究各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体,揭示纳米晶粒之间的静磁和交换耦合相互作用、磁化和反磁化、热退磁等微观机制。获得了最佳磁性能为:Hcj=1 157 kA/m,Br=1.465 T,(BH)max=426 kJ/m3纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体。     

纳米晶复合永磁材料研究进展

综述了近年来纳米晶双相复合永磁材料的发展状况,重点从该类合金的矫顽力理论和提高磁性能的方法两个方面作简要的评述.     

NdFeB纳米晶复合永磁材料的研究

自从NdFeB纳米晶复合永磁材料出现以来．由于其潜在的优异磁性能和巨大的商业价值,成为近几年来磁性材料领域研究的热点。本文重点论述添加合金元素和制备工艺对NdFeBN米晶永磁材料的微观结构和磁性能的影响,并概述近年来新的晶化工艺。     

纳米晶复合永磁材料研究进展

就近年来纳米晶双相复合永磁材料的发展状况,从该类合金的矫顽力理论和提高磁性能的方法2个方面为重点做简要的评述.     

高性能稀土永磁材料制备与研究的进展

稀土永磁材料的高磁性能使其成为应用广泛的基础性功能材料．概述了高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B和纳米复合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料的制备与性能研究的几点进展．在采用速凝铸带加氢爆工艺制备高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体方面，概述了材料中添加元素对磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响，以及制备工艺对高能积磁体的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响．在采用非晶晶化工艺制备纳米复合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe型永磁材料方面，概述了添加元素在非晶晶化过程所起的作用，及其对材料相组成和微结构及磁性能的影响；同时概述了快淬速度、压力和晶化处理等制备工艺对材料微结构和磁性能的影响．     

机械合金化制备Fe65Ni35纳米晶复合粉末的组织演变及磁性能研究

通过机械合金化的方法利用行星式高能球磨机,成功制备了具有优异软磁性能的Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末,并使用具有最佳软磁性能的粉末制备了软磁复合材料。研究了研磨时间对Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末微观结构及磁性能的影响,得出最佳研磨时间为50 h。进一步研究了涂有酚醛树脂的Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末的制备工艺及其组织演变与磁性能特征。通过XRD、SEM、振动样品磁强计、LCR仪等手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,随着研磨时间的增加,Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末的相组成发生了由马氏体bcc结构向奥氏体fcc结构的转变,且随着研磨时间的延长,逆转变现象更加明显;当研磨时间为50 h时,Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末平均粒径稳定在10μm左右,并表现出最高的磁化强度和最低的矫顽力,软磁性能达到最优,而铁磁马氏体相向弱磁奥氏体相的转变是造成磁性能差异的主要原因;与纯Fe基复合材料相比,基于Fe_(65)Ni_(35)纳米晶复合粉末的软磁复合材料,具有更高的电阻率和磁导率,同时表现出更高的弛豫频率和更低的涡流损耗因子。     

粘结纳米复相磁性材料制备及性能的研究

采用磁粉晶化和粘结工艺制备纳米复相磁材的方法，研究了热处理工艺和粘结剂含量对纳米晶磁体磁性能的影响，结果表明热处理温度、热处理时间、粘结剂含量明显的影响纳米晶的形成及其磁性能。热处理为700℃、粘结剂含量在2％～3％（质量分数）时，纳米复合磁体可以获得较好的磁性能。该研究方法工艺简单，成本较低，具有一定的实用价值。     

Nanocomposite Magnets and their Preparation under High Pressure

This article reports current studies on nanocomposite magnets and a newly developed route for their preparation, known as crystallization of amorphous alloy under high pressure (CAAHP). The microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets prepared by CAAHP are presented, and the influences of pressure on the microstructures of the magnets are discussed. α‐Fe/Sm₂(Fe,Si)₁₇C_x nanocomposite magnets with a grain size <10 nm have been successfully prepared by CAAHP, and a maximum energy product of about 25 MGOe is obtained.     

Fe3B基纳米复合永磁材料的微结构和性能

利用差热(扫描)分析、X射线、透射电镜、振动样品磁强计研究了添加Co、Dy对Fe3B／Nd2Fe14B 纳米复合永磁材料的微结构和性能的影响．结果表明：添加适当的微量元素可以提高Nd4．5Fe77B18．5纳米复合永磁材料的内禀磁性，改进微结构，从而提高材料的永磁性能．在Nd4．5Fe77B18．5中添加1％-3％(原子分数)的Co、Dy明显地降低材料的晶化温度和最佳热处理温度、提高了2：14：1相的居里温度、改善了纳米复合永磁材料的微观结构，从而提高材料的永磁性能．与Nd4．5Fe77B18．5相比，Nd3．5Fe74Co3DylBl8.5的永磁性能为：Br=1.06T，jHc=328kA／m，(BH)max=108．9kJ／m^3，分别提高了26％，17％和104％．     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ce-Doped NdFeB Ribbons

The substitution for Nd by abundant element cerium (Ce) is a practical way for the comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in NdFeB permanent magnets. In this letter, we have prepared the Ce-doped NdFeB ribbons and conventional NdFeB ribbons by melt quenching method and investigated the effects of heat treatment on the crystallization behavior, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the alloy. The results show that: (1) The crystallization behavior and the microstructural changes of the (Nd,Ce)FeB magnets are similar to the conventional NdFeB magnet when heat treatment. In addition, the Ce₂Fe₁₄B phase has a significant effect on the properties of the whole magnets. (2)The NdFeB phase and CeFeB phase are relatively close to each other after being precipitated from the amorphous phase. The coupling effect between the two phases is strong enough to weaken the effect of the addition of Ce and making the properties of the NdFeB magnets to not reduce too much after adding Ce.     

Microstructure and properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering

Abstract

Anisotropic Nd₁₅.₅Dy₁.₀Fe_BalCo₃.₀B₆.₈Al₁.₀ magnets were produced by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effects of processing conditions on the microstructure, magnetic properties, dimensional precision and density of the magnets were studied. The magnetic properties, microstructure and constituents were investigated by means of a magnetic flux density - magnetic field strength (B-H) loopline instrument, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The density of the magnets was determined by the Archimedes method, and the dimensional precision of the magnets was measured by micrometer. It was found that the microstructure of SPS processed Nd-Fe-B magnets is unique; the grain size is fine and uniform while distribution of the neodymium rich phase is heterogeneous. The optimal magnetic properties of SPS processed Nd-Fe-B magnets obtained so far are maximum energy product of 240 kJ m^-3 and coercive force of 1260 kA m^-1. The dimensional precision of the magnets is ~ 20 μm, and the density of the magnets reaches 7.58 g cm^-3.     

纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5（x=0～3.0）粘结磁体的磁性能和温度系数的研究

采用熔体快淬法及真空退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5(x=0～3.0)粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能及温度系数。结果表明,随着Nb含量的增加,合金剩磁逐渐提高,磁能积和矫顽力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。Zr元素与Nb元素复合添加,能够有效地改善矫顽力温度系数β。经最佳条件退火处理后制备的Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr1.5Nb1.5B6.5的粘结磁体,具有最优的综合磁性能:Br=0.717T,Hcj=773kA/m,(BH)max=82kJ/m3,α20～150℃=-0.111%/℃,β20～150℃=-0.356%/℃。     

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposite Nd–Fe–B Prepared by Rapid Thermal Processing

Nanoscale permanent magnetic materials, which possess excellent magnetic and mechanical properties, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance, have become a research hotspot for permanent magnets. In reality, however, the obtained maximum energy product, (BH)_max, is not satisfactory in comparison with the theory limit, especially for exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets. The construction of an ideal microstructure still remains a challenge in the synthesis and preparation of nanoscale permanent magnets. This work reported the impact of rapid thermal process (RTP) with electron-beam heating on the microstructures of Nd_12.5-xFe_80.8+xB_6.2Nb_0.2Ga_0.3 (x = 0, 2.5) nanocomposites. It was found that the crystallization time was greatly reduced, from 15 min under the conventional annealing conditions to 0.1 s under the RTP. For Nd₂Fe₁₄B single-phase materials, the crystallization temperature of the RTP ribbons decreased by about 248 °C compared with that of the ribbons produced by the conventional annealing method. A synergetic crystallization of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B and α-Fe phases was observed under the RTP, which restrained not only the shape, size distribution, and compositions of the hard and the soft phases, but also the interface between them. This modification effect became more obvious as the fraction of Fe increased. Due to the improvement in the uniformity of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B and α-Fe phases, and their grain size distribution, better magnetic properties were achieved using RTP in comparison with the conventional annealing method.     

一次回火温度对烧结NdFeB永磁材料组织和性能的影响

探讨了880~900℃、910~930℃、940~960℃温度区间下1h回火处理对Nd30Dy3.5Al0.2B1合金显微组织和磁性能的影响。研究表明,温度低于910℃时,晶界富Nd带过厚且积聚,主相体积分数小,矫顽力、磁能积低;温度高于930℃时,晶粒尺寸过大,晶界面积变小,晶界富Nd带加厚,矫顽力、磁能积均下降;910~930℃时晶粒尺寸趋向均匀,晶界富Nd带呈薄层状分布,磁性能最佳。     

纳米复合永磁多层膜的研究现状

纳米复合永磁材料由于其潜在的优异磁性能和商业价值,成为当今磁性材料领域的研究热点.就近几年来纳米复合永磁多层膜的发展状况,简要介绍了其制备技术、交换耦合作用、反磁化以及各向异性的研究.     

Hot deformed anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB based magnets prepared from spark plasma sintered melt spun powders

Anisotropic magnets were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) followed by hot deformation (HD) using melt-spun powders as the starting material. Good magnetic properties with the remanence J_r > 1.32 T and maximum of energy product (BH)_max > 303 kJ/m³ have been obtained. The microstructure evolution during HD and its influence on the magnetic properties were investigated. The fine grain zone and coarse grain zone formed in the SPS showed different deformation behaviors. The microstructure also had an important effect on the temperature coefficients of coercivity. A strong domain-wall pinning model was valid to interpret the coercivity mechanism of the HDed magnets. The increase of stray field and weakening of domain-wall pinning effects were the main reasons of the decrease of the coercivity with increasing the compression ratio. The influences of non-uniform plastic deformation on the microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. The polarization characteristics of HDed magnets were demonstrated. It was found out that the HDed magnets had better corrosion resistance than the counterpart sintered magnet.