超临界CO2从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素的研究

研究了用超临界二氧化碳从黄花蒿中萃取青蒿素的影响因素.在15.2～29.7MPa和40～60℃范围内,萃取压力和萃取温度升高,萃取率增大,萃取选择性下降.以萃取率和萃取选择性为目标,优化了超临界萃取工艺条件,得到较佳的操作条件萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度50℃,CO2流量1kg/(h·kg原料),原料粒径60～80目.在优化条件下萃取4h,萃取率达到95%以上,萃取物纯度10%以上.     

青蒿素提取工艺研究进展

青蒿素是从菊科植物黄花蒿中提取的具有过氧基团的倍半萜内酯药物。具有抗疟疾、抗肿瘤、抗血吸虫和免疫调节等功效,尚有高效低毒的特点。被WTO称为"世界上唯一能有效治疗疟疾的药物",目前提取工艺已比较成熟,也广泛应用于工厂,但青蒿素性质不稳定,提取效率低,成本高。为了降低成本,增加产量且为研究者能更好的研究青蒿素,满足国际市场的需求提供基础材料。下面就通过比较各种提取方法,对青蒿中的青蒿素的提取工艺进行综述,谈论青蒿素提取工艺的研究方向。     

超声强化溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素

利用超声强化[emim]Br(溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑)-水体系从黄花蒿粉末中提取青蒿素. 正交实验和单因素实验结果表明,影响黄花蒿中青蒿素提取因素的显著性次序为液固比>提取时间>提取温度>超声波功率>占空比. 综合考虑单因素实验结果及成本,得出优化工艺条件为黄花蒿原料粒度0.38 mm,液固比50 mL/g,提取时间30 min,提取温度20℃,超声波功率600 W,占空比1.6 s/0.4 s. 在上述条件下青蒿素提取量为4.37 mg/g,提取率为97%.     

碘量法测定双氧水的含量

研究了用碘量法测定双氧水含量的方法，采用正交试验确定了最佳实验方案，并进行了有机物干扰情况的实验。     

碘量法测定天然气中硫化氢含量的探讨

随着石油资源的日益减少,以及开采成本的逐渐加大,天然气已经在能源领域里扮演着越来越重要的角色。然而,天然气中的硫化物,尤其是硫化氢对运输、贮存和使用安全及环境均会产生不利影响,不仅会腐蚀设备、污染环境,还会危害人体健康。目前,GB/T 11060.1-2010[1]"天然气含硫化合物的测定——碘量法"适用于天然气中硫化氢含量的测定,测定范围为0%~100%,检测限为1mg/m3。本文针对该法使用中遇到的问题进行探讨。     

青蒿素有望用于治疗卵巢癌

山林荒野间的菊科植物黄花蒿,曾被我国科学家提取出青蒿素,并自主开发为世界公认的抗疟疾良药。时隔30年,我国科研人员又在青蒿素类化合物的抗癌研究中取得新进展,相关成果日前发表于国际学术期刊《细胞与分子医学（JCMM）》．     

青蒿中青蒿素含量的测定

采用薄层层析法对秦岭腹地、北麓以及渭北高原三处青蒿中抗疟有效成分青蒿素的含量进行了连续２年的测定，得出了秦岭乃至巴山地区的青蒿具有实用价值的结论。     

抗疟新药青蒿素的研究

综述了抗疟新药青蒿素类药物的研究状况及发展前景，并介绍了从青蒿中提取青蒿素的乙醚浸提法和溶剂汽油浸提法两种工艺，以及青蒿素和蒿甲醚的抗疟治疟特性。     

青蒿中青蒿素的纯化工艺研究

建立了一种青蒿中青蒿素的纯化方法:采用中性氧化铝柱层析,考察不同洗脱溶剂的分离效果,并对重结晶溶剂进行选择.氧化铝柱层析纯化青蒿素的最佳操作条件为洗脱剂石油醚∶异丙醚(V/V)=70∶30,青蒿素含量提高到85%以上,回收率达90%;经过50%乙醇重结晶,青蒿素含量大于99.5%.该方法简便,产品纯度高,回收率高.     

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. by Response Surface Methodology

Artemisinin is a compound extracted from Artemisia annua L. with a remarkable curative effect against malaria. It can be extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and then detected via HPLC. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize UAE conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of artemisinin. Three independent variables (ratio of solvent to material, extraction temperature, and ultrasonic power) were evaluated using the Box-Behnken experimental design, with the yield of artemisinin as a response variable. Experimental data were highly fitted to a mathematical-regression model using multiple linear regression (MLR). Based on response surface plots, the three independent variables exhibited interactive effects on the yield of artemisinin. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 42.71 mL/g ratio of solvent to material, 41.86°C extraction temperature and 120 W ultrasonic power. The predicted yield of artemisinin by model was 0.7848%, whereas the actual yield in the extracts was 0.7826% ± 0.0790% in adjusted optimal conditions, with a relative error of 0.28%. The results undoubtedly demonstrated that RSM could be used to explore the optimum conditions of artemisinin extraction.     

黄花蒿人工栽培及精油提取技术研究

系统地对野生黄花蒿的人工繁育、栽培及精油提取进行了探讨,提出了人工繁育、高产栽培及精油提取的具体技术条件,阐述了黄花蒿精油的香型及应用价值。     

青蒿毛状根悬浮培养动力学及其计量关系

分析了青蒿毛状根悬浮培养过程中生长、青蒿素合成、底物消耗及电导率变化的动力学,认为毛状根生长和青蒿素合成非偶联,毛状根生物量与电导率之间存在明显的线性关系.计算了生物量对碳、氮源的得率系数,并通过元素分析,建立了毛状根生长的基本计量关系式,从理论上计算出了得率系数及呼吸商.     

黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)提取物对两种病原真菌的生物活性

以石油醚Ⅰ(30℃～60℃)、石油醚Ⅱ(60℃～90℃)、乙醇和丙酮等4种溶剂对黄花蒿的根、茎、叶进行初步提取,采用生长速率法测定不同提取物对玉米小斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,黄花蒿提取物对玉米小斑病菌的生物活性好于棉花枯萎病菌;黄花蒿叶的提取物抑菌效果最好,根的抑菌效果最差;叶的石油醚(60℃～90℃)提取物对玉米小斑病菌EC50为156.32mg/L;而叶的丙酮提取物对玉米小斑病菌的EC50为82.37mg/L。     

黄花蒿提取物的杀虫活性

黄花蒿精油对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象等４种仓库害虫具有很强的熏杀活性,其甲醇和乙醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫、大菜粉蝶、银纹夜蛾和斜纹夜娥幼虫也具有一定的杀虫活性。     

樟树和黄花蒿浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性

研究了樟树和黄花蒿的乙醇、氯仿、石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食作用、触杀作用。结果表明黄花蒿乙醇浸提物和樟树石油醚浸提物的活性较好,48 h拒食率分别为72.11%、57.86%;干物质触杀作用的LC50分别为1.232 g/L、1.275 g/L。     

Potential Ecological Roles of Artemisinin Produced by Artemisia annua L.

Artemisia annua L. (annual wormwood, Asteraceae) and its secondary metabolite artemisinin, a unique sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bridge, has gained much attention due to its antimalarial properties. Artemisinin has a complex structure that requires a significant amount of energy for the plant to synthesize. So, what are the benefits to A. annua of producing this unique compound, and what is the ecological role of artemisinin? This review addresses these questions, discussing evidence of the potential utility of artemisinin in protecting the plant from insects and other herbivores, as well as pathogens and competing plant species. Abiotic factors affecting the artemisinin production, as well as mechanisms of artemisinin release to the surroundings also are discussed, and new data are provided on the toxicity of artemisinin towards soil and aquatic organisms. The antifungal and antibacterial effects reported are not very pronounced. Several studies have reported that extracts of A. annua have insecticidal effects, though few studies have proven that artemisinin could be the single compound responsible for the observed effects. However, the pathogen(s) or insect(s) that may have provided the selection pressure for the evolution of artemisinin synthesis may not have been represented in the research thus far conducted. The relatively high level of phytotoxicity of artemisinin in soil indicates that plant/plant allelopathy could be a beneficial function of artemisinin to the producing plant. The release routes of artemisinin (movement from roots and wash off from leaf surfaces) from A. annua to the soil support the rationale for allelopathy.