共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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针对海上溢油事故时有发生,严重威胁海洋生态环境,介绍了溢油鉴别通常采取的策略,即微量组分鉴别、"指纹"鉴别和DNA标记,并作出对比。尽管有很多因素限制,但采取溢油"指纹"分析的策略仍是最实用的方法。此外,为治理溢油造成的污染,系统介绍了溢油污染的修复。 相似文献
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随着经济的发展,各种环境污染物进入土壤系统污染地下水,直接或间接地威胁到生态环境和人类健康。对地下水污染现状、修复技术进展以及控制措施等进行了分析,指出了地下水污染控制与修复的意义和重要性。 相似文献
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将风险管理理念引入海域防治船舶溢油污染领域,为预防船舶溢油提供一套新的溢油风险管理框架。以风险管理理念为基础,从风险预防的角度出发,通过危险源识别、风险估计、风险评价和风险控制四个环节的循环操作,实现以最小成本获得最大安全保障。 相似文献
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土壤沉积物中含有大量潜在和危险的有毒或重金属化合物,对环境稳定和人类安全健康构成了很大威胁。重点探讨全球范围内土壤重金属污染问题现状原因和威胁来源,以及各国现有的先进生态修复处理技术,分析论证了这些不同修复治理技术的最佳组合和适宜选择范围,最终实现对已污染土壤环境的最佳修复,并对人类未来土壤重金属污染控制防治技术进行展望。 相似文献
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中海惠州炼化二期项目是国内最大的炼化一体化项目之一,在生产过程中实现环境友好,保证环境不受污染,不仅是企业的经济责任还足企业应尽的社会责任。文章重点论述了在事故应急状态下,惠州炼化二期项目在陆域采取的“置级防控措施”,码头采取的应急关断措施,海上溢油采取的“三级布控措施”,有效控制事故状态下事故水的流向,避免事故水外溢.污染环境:针对海上溢油的突发事件,通过三级布控,有效的资源配置,及时控制溢油所造成的海上污染。通过本文的论述,不但对即将建设的中海惠州炼化二期项目的建设有积极作用,对其他濒海的石化企业避免事故水环境污染及海上溢油应急处理也有指导意义。 相似文献
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地下水污染修复技术的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着工业化进程的加快,越来越多的化学污染物通过各种途径进入土壤系统,进而污染地下水。目前世界的地下水污染严重,直接或间接地威胁到人类的健康,因此地下水修复引起了人们的关注。该文从原理、特点、适用范围以及研究成果等方面论述了地下水污染原位修复技术,包括渗透反应墙修复技术、原位曝气技术、原位化学氧化技术、原位电动修复技术以及原位生物修复技术等。最后根据我国实际展望了地下水污染修复技术的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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气相色谱指纹法鉴别溢油污染源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过模拟溢油风化实验,总结出了溢油在风化后各组分的变化规律,建立了气相色谱法指纹法鉴别溢油污染源的方法,并引入了统计学的相关系数方法来检验样品之间的相关性.并通过实际应用考察了本方法的准确性和实用性. 相似文献
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简述了水域中石油污染的来源、危害及防治对策,对石油烃的微生物摄取、降解机制、生物修复的影响因素及强化途径等进行了详细论述,并对石油污染水体生物修复的发展趋势及应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Shilin Liu Jing Lin Qiyuan Chen Zili Liu Lishuang Gui Liwei Chen Shilin Huang Xuelin Tian 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(10):2100242
Crude oil spill accidents pose a worldwide environmental threat. Oleophilic and hydrophobic absorbents that can selectively absorb oil from water have shown promising application potential in oil spill remediation. Simultaneous optimization of the absorption and desorption speed of absorbents towards oil is highly desirable for their recyclable usage, but remains a great challenge, because these two properties are generally conflicting. Here, a facile and ingenious strategy is proposed to tackle the above challenge via surface modification of porous sponges with highly flexible linear polydimethylsiloxane (LPDMS) brushes. The LPDMS brushes feature liquid-like properties at room temperature owing to its extremely low glass transition temperature, and act as a covalently-grafted lubrication layer throughout the 3D network channels of the sponge, which can minimize contact angle hysteresis and reduce friction between oil and sponge channel. Compared to the prevalent cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (CPDMS) modification strategy, sponges modified with LPDMS brushes not only shows significantly enhanced absorption speed, but also exhibits superior desorption dynamics towards viscous crude oils. The design strategy of slippery sponges with liquid-like molecules may open a new avenue for developing advanced absorbents with simultaneously enhanced absorption and desorption performances for liquid separation and purification applications. 相似文献
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Rita de Cássia F. S. Silva Darne G. Almeida Raquel D. Rufino Juliana M. Luna Valdemir A. Santos Leonie Asfora Sarubbo 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(7):12523-12542
Petroleum hydrocarbons are important energy resources. However, petroleum is also a major pollutant of the environment. Contamination by oil and oil products has caused serious harm, and increasing attention has been paid to the development and implementation of innovative technologies for the removal of these contaminants. Biosurfactants have been extensively used in the remediation of water and soil, as well as in the main stages of the oil production chain, such as extraction, transportation, and storage. This diversity of applications is mainly due to advantages such as biodegradability, low toxicity and better functionality under extreme conditions in comparison to synthetic counterparts. Moreover, biosurfactants can be obtained with the use of agro-industrial waste as substrate, which helps reduce overall production costs. The present review describes the potential applications of biosurfactants in the oil industry and the remediation of environmental pollution caused by oil spills. 相似文献
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