The Effects of Different Grafted Clays on Thermal Properties of Their PMMA Composites

The poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay (PMMA/clay) composites were prepared with the different grafted clay, such as sepiolite fiber, vermiculite and Layered double hydroxides (LDH). These clays modified by grafting of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTS) with a double bond onto the clays surface were used as fillers for PMMA. The morphology of clays and composites were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the thermal degradation behavior was explained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The three grafted clays improved the thermal stability of PMMA composites as a different level.     

Properties of Heat-Insulating Materials (A Review)

Heat-insulating materials for the lining of aluminum electrolysis cells based on diatomite, vermiculite, perlite, and calcium silicate are briefly reviewed. Data on heat conductivity of these materials over the range of 200 – 800°C are given, with emphasis placed on the behavior in the electrolysis bath. Properties of heat-insulating materials available from domestic and foreign manufacturers are discussed in terms of the classification temperature and safe operating temperature. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 18 – 22, March, 2005. From materials submitted to the 4th International Seminar “Refractories for the aluminum industry.”     

煅烧对TiO2柱撑粘土光催化性能的影响

以TiCl4水解产物为柱化剂制备TiO2柱撑粘土,改变煅烧温度和保温时间并对所得样品进行XRD,N2吸附分析,通过苯酚废水的COD实验研究样品的光催化性能.结果表明,TiO2柱撑粘土的光催化性主要受比表面积和TiO2柱体的结晶程度影响.500℃下煅烧2h的TiO2柱撑粘土表现出最好的光催化活性.     

不同组成LDHs薄膜的制备及吸附性能研究

以尿素为沉淀剂,M2+/M3+摩尔比为2/1,采用水热法在导电布上制备了三种层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)薄膜,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段进行表征.研究结果表明:组成LDHs薄膜的二价金属离子和三价金属离子溶度积之间的差异决定了LDHs薄膜的形貌和粒径.M2+和M3+溶度积相差较小时,NiAl-LDHs和MgAl-LDHs薄膜为片状结构,其中MgAl-LDHs片以ab面垂直导电布生长;M2+和M3+溶度积相差较大的NiFe-LDHs薄膜则由球形团聚构成.甲基橙吸附实验表明,形貌良好、孔隙较多的MgAl-LDHs薄膜具有良好的吸附性能.     

Cerium Containing Al- and Zr-Pillared Clays: Promoting Effect of Cerium (III) Ions on Structural and Catalytic Properties

Ce³⁺ containing Al- and Zr-pillared clays were prepared by co-hydrolysis and co-intercalation methods, respectively. The materials were characterized by XRD, IR and near IR techniques. The expansion in the clay lattice as a result of pillaring was confirmed from X-ray diffraction study. The basal spacing for the pillared clay materials was observed typically in the range of 18–23 Å. The IR and near IR studies were employed to show the presence of acidic and non-acidic hydroxyl groups in the pillared clays. The IR peak at 3630 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the structural hydroxyl groups was more intense in pillared clays than in the parent clay. This peak is retained even after calcination at 500^∘C. Various overtone and combination bands were observed in the NIR range of 1200–2500 nm for the pillared clay materials. Pillaring with Al- and Zr-inorganic polycations enhanced the catalytic activity of the parent clays for dehydration of cyclohexanol. The presence of Ce³⁺ ions in the pillared clays was found to influence catalytic activity and stability of the Brønsted acidic sites. The stabilizing effect of cerium ion in the pillared clays is attributed to the competitive site occupancy and prevention of octahedral migration of the catalytically active protons.     

Plasma Treatment of Glasses (A Review)

The use of plasma flame at different stages of glass production (synthesis, polishing, cutting, and decoration) is considered. The nature of the origin of gas inclusions in glass in treatment with nitrogen and argon plasma is investigated.     

Thermophysical Properties of NZP Ceramics (A Review)

Data on the thermophysical properties of NZP ceramics with the NaZr₂(PO₄)₃-type structure are summarized. A system of thermal expansion regularities is proposed making it possible to predict NZP materials with controllable thermal expansion, including ultralow expansion with near-zero anisotropy. The thermodynamic functions of the reactions of synthesis of NZP phosphates are calculated and the applicability of ceramic technology is justified. It is proposed to use NZP ceramics as heat-insulating materials capable of working under abrupt temperature shifts.     

不同掺量助磨剂对钢渣产品性能及工艺参数的影响

研究不同掺量助磨剂对钢渣产品性能及工艺参数的影响。结果表明:不同掺量助磨剂均可有效改善钢渣的性能,表现在钢渣粉活性指数有所提高,生产稳定可控;但随着掺量增加对粉磨系统影响较大。     

Reactions of Some Clays with Ferric-Ferricyanide (Prussian Brown)

The intensification of the auto-reduction of Prussian Brown by clay minerals was studied. The reaction is catalyzed mainly by the expanding clay minerals montmorillonite and vermiculite, but is inhibited by aluminium oxide and allophane, although these also sorb Prussian Brown. The influence of surface acidity and exchangeable cation on the reaction is discussed.     

不同分散剂对聚天冬氨酸吸水树脂性能的影响

在聚天冬氨酸(PAsp)吸水树脂制备过程中,分别以去离子水、甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇为分散剂加入到聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)溶液中使之成为均匀体系,在该体系中加入交联剂1,6-己二胺制备了具有三维网络结构的环保型高吸水树脂,并利用FTIR、SEM、TG等手段对其微观结构进行了测试。通过对比4种分散剂对PAsp吸水树脂吸液性能的影响,得出以下结论:不论是何种分散剂,适量的单独加入均可显著提高吸水树脂的吸液倍率,其中以去离子水为优,在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的吸液倍率分别达945 g/g和94 g/g;以正丁醇作分散剂可明显提高吸水树脂的吸液速率,吸液7 h即可达溶胀平衡;以m(去离子水)∶m(正丁醇)=7∶3的混合溶剂作为分散剂时,树脂的吸水性能较纯水与纯正丁醇要好,吸水6 h后即达吸液平衡,吸水倍率可达1 004 g/g;PAsp树脂的吸水性能随着干燥次数的增加而逐渐下降,干燥5次后树脂的吸水倍率仍能达到400 g/g,说明PAsp树脂具有较好的重复吸水性能。     

组成材料对混凝土结构修补砂浆力学性能的影响分析

本文分析了石英砂颗粒级配、砂灰比、减水剂、水灰比、聚合物胶粉及消泡剂等对混凝土结构修补砂浆力学性能的影响.结果表明,当石英砂颗粒级配合理,砂灰比为1∶1,水灰比为0.266,减水剂、聚合物胶粉、消泡剂和纤维素醚掺量分别为1.4％、10％、0.5％及0.06％时,制备出的修补砂浆的力学性能优良,抗压、抗折及拉伸粘接强度分别达到51.7 MPa、15.1 MPa、2.98 MPa.     

不同产地坡缕石黏土对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响

以玉米秸秆、丙烯酸、不同产地坡缕石黏土为原料合成复合高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重分析来研究坡缕石黏土的结构和形态。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对复合高吸水树脂形貌及结构进行了表征。研究了三地坡缕石黏土形态、结构及组成对高吸水树脂吸水保水性能的影响。结果显示,添加靖远坡缕石黏土的复合高吸水树脂有着最佳吸水保水性能。     

不同工业废水驯化处理方法综述

文章综述了制药废水、食品废水、焦化废水的驯化处理方法,并分析了驯化处理方法的优缺点。     

Effect of the Electroplating Process Waste upon Vulcanization and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber (NR) Compositions

The potential of EWPS (electroplating waste of the polishing step) as activator for vulcanization process has been evaluated. EWPS was incorporated into natural rubber (NR) formulation in replacement partial or total to ZnO. The different mixtures were obtained in a laboratory-size two-roll mill and conventional vulcanization system (CV) was chosen for vulcanization. Rheometer parameters (t_s1, t₉₀, and M_h), mechanical properties (tensile and tear strength) and cure studies at 150, 160 and 170°C for a kinetic model were carried out. EWPS shows some catalytic effect upon NR vulcanization with reduction of scorch and optimum cure time. However, the compounds where EWPS is present in major quantity, in relation to ZnO, or alone as activator present a depleted performance with a continuous reduction of properties, such as, tensile strength.     

Optical Properties of (Oxy)Nitride Materials: A Review

(Oxy)nitride materials, consisting mainly of transition metal and ionic‐covalent (oxy)nitrides, show a vast number of interesting physical and chemical properties due to their substantial structural diversity. The optical properties of these (oxy)nitrides, in combination with their excellent mechanical strength, thermal properties, and chemical stability, enable (oxy)nitrides to be used in a variety of industrial fields, such as photovoltaic, photothermal, photocatalytic, pigment, lighting and display, optoelectronic, and defense industries. The optical properties are extremely related to the electronic band structure of (oxy)nitrides, and can be varied significantly by changing the chemical composition (e.g., the oxygen to nitrogen ratio) and preparation/processing conditions. This article overviews the optical properties (including refractive index, reflectance, absorbance, band gap, photoluminescence, and transmittance) of (oxy)nitride materials that are in the form of thin films, powders, or bulk ceramics, and highlights their applications as antireflection coatings, solar spectral selectivity coatings, visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts, ecological pigments, phosphors for light‐emitting diodes, and transparent window materials.     

Effects of Ozone Treatment on Microbiological Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Turkey Breast Meat

ABSTRACT

The effects of ozone treatment (1 × 10^?2 kg m^?3, for up to 8 h) on quality parameters of turkey meat were investigated. Ozone was effective in inactivating microorganisms. Approximately 2.9, 2.3 and 1.9 log reductions were achieved in the counts of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and yeast-mold, respectively. Ozone caused significant changes in carbonyl contents, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, color and pH values of the samples. Water holding capacity and cooking yield of treated samples increased significantly (p < .05). This is the first report demonstrating that quality parameters of turkey breast meat are markedly affected by ozone treatment.