Design and control of integrated pneumatic dexterous robot finger

Based on flexible pneumatic actuator(FPA),bending joint and side-sway joint,a new kind of pneumatic dexterous robot finger was developed.The finger is equipped with one five-component force sensor and four contactless magnetic rotary encoders.Mechanical parts and FPAs are integrated,which reduces the overall size of the finger.Driven by FPA directly,the joint output torque is more accurate and the friction and vibration can be effectively reduced.An improved adaptive genetic algorithm(IAGA) was adopted to s...     

Development and control of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot

A new kind of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot, named WALKMAN-I, was proposed. WALKMAN-I is basically composed of a flexible pneumatic actuator (FPA), a flexible pneumatic spherical joint and six suction cups. It has many characteristics of low-cost, lightweight, simple structure and good flexibility. Its operating principle was introduced. Then three basic locomotion modes, which are linear motion, curvilinear motion and crossing the orthogonal planes, were presented. The safety conditions of WALKMAN-I were discussed and built. Finally, the control system was designed and experiments were carried out. Experimental results show that WALKMAN-I is able to climb on the vertical wall surface along a straight line or a curved path, and has the ability of crossing orthogonal planes and obstacles. The maximum rotation angle reaches 90°, the maximum velocity reaches 5 mm/s, and the rotation angle and the moving velocity of WALKMAN-I can be easily controlled.     

Cartesian impedance control of dexterous robot hand

Presents a novel compliant motion control for a robot hand using the Cartesian impedance approach based on fingertip force measurements. The fingertip can accurately track desired motion in free space and appear as mechanical impedance in constrained space. In the position based impedance control strategy, any switching mode in contact transition phase is not needed. The impedance parameters can be adjusted in a certain range according to various tasks. In this paper, the analysis of the finger‘s kinematics and dynamics is given. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of this control strategy.     

基于神经网络的大柔性灵巧手指弯曲角度预测

介绍了一种新型大柔性灵巧手指,该手指弯曲性能好、易于控制但数学建模复杂.基于BP神经网络基本理论,建立预测该手指弯曲角度的BP神经网络模型.通过大柔性灵巧手指弯曲特性实验获得样本数据,借助于MATLAB仿真软件中的神经网络工具箱作为开发平台,将实验样本数据用于BP网络训练.利用训练好的BP网络模型对手指弯曲角度进行预测,预测误差范围控制在3%以内.研究结果表明:这种神经网络模型能够准确预测手指的弯曲角度.     

模块化嵌入式五指机器人灵巧手手指控制系统

为开发高度集成的五指机器人灵巧手,提出了采用DSP(Digital Signal Processor)+FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)控制结构的模块化嵌入式手指控制系统设计方法。实现了采用单电流传感器检测全桥控制下相电流及相电流过流双保护。为解决手指DSP和FPGA之间如何稳定、高效通信的难题,结合先进先出FIFO(First In First Out)寄存器,设计了基于串行通信接口SCI(Serial Communications Interface)和RS485总线的多中断差分通信系统。实验证明,这种DSP+FPGA控制结构及模块化的设计,使得手指控制部分得以高度集成,同时DLR/HITII灵巧手获得很好的整体性能和稳定性。     

面向任务的机器人灵巧手控制系统及多指空间协调阻抗控制

为提高多指灵巧手的控制和操作性能,提出了基于集中控制-分层处理的DLR/HIT Ⅱ机器人灵巧手实时控制系统结构,并建立了基于Simulink/QNX的实时控制平台和嵌入式驱动控制层,极大地简化了高集成度机电一体化灵巧手的控制器设计过程,并实现灵巧手在多自由度仿机器人上的无缝连接,进行了多指灵巧手空间协调阻抗控制的研究,基于手指指尖位置建立了适用于任意手指数目n的机器人灵巧手物体空间坐标系,并基于六维空间虚拟弹簧的阻抗思想和关节力矩反馈实现了以被抓取物体位置和姿态为控制目标的多指灵巧手空间协调阻抗控制.在基于Simulink/QNX的实时控制平台上对DLR/HIT Ⅱ灵巧手进行了空间协调阻抗控制实验,实验结果表明了灵巧手控制软硬件系统和控制策略的有效性和稳定性.在未降低灵巧手自由度的前提下,将DLR/HIT Ⅱ多指灵巧手协调抓取操作的控制输入量由30个减为6个,为提高抓取规划算法效率提供了稳定高效的新型控制策略.     

On set-point tracking control of dexterous robot hand

A model-free set-point tracking control approach of multi-fingered robot hand is presented.The set-point tracking controller,which has the structural form of PD controller,is composed with a combination of feedforward term,feedback term and saturation control term.The controller does not require the explicit use of dynamic modeling parameters.Experiments performed on the HIT/DLR hand demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in performance improvement and real-time application.     

四自由度冗余手指的结构参数优化设计

由冗余自由度手指构成的多指灵巧手具有较大的灵巧性,对物体进行微细操作以及抓取特殊形状物体的能力也比非冗余自由度手指构成的多指手要强。对冗余自由度手指的结构设计问题进行了研究,引进了优化设计方法,提出了适用于多指灵巧手的手指结构优化设计的优化目标函数,编制卫优化程序,进行了优化计算,得到了比较满意的结果。最后,用该手指具体设计了一种多指灵巧手,并给出了其三维视图。该录巧手有手掌,具有３个手指,１２个     

Design and modeling for a kind of humanoid dexterous hand with elastic palm

With dexterous hands, robots can improve the work scope and work ability significantly. As palms of the existing multi-hand robots are made of steel plates that have small contact area, the robots cannot grab firmly. In this study, a new five-fingered dexterous robot hand is developed. Having flexible palm with 17 degree of freedoms （ DOFs）, the hand can grasp more stably and firm- ly. First, the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics of the fingers and the hand are calculated. Then, the connection between the force exerting on the end effectors and the torque exerting on the joint is set up, laying the foundation for the following control. Finally, through the analysis and sim- ulation of the position, velocity and acceleration, the trajectory planning has a better performance.     

足球机器人控制参数整定系统的设计

为了提高足球机器人的运动性能,设计了足球机器人控制参数整定系统．在阐述系统基本原理的基础上讨论了系统的组成,该系统包括测试平台、测试电路和测试软件．讨论了所采用的改进的增量式PID控制算法和通过实验确定参数的方法．实验证明,该系统可以快速地整定系统控制参数．     

Design and test of pneumatic artificial muscle driven variable trailing-edge camber wing

A variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is developed in this paper. Firstly, the experimental setup to measure the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle is designed and the relationship between the static output force and the air pressure is investigated. Experimental results show that the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle decreases nonlinearly with the increase of contraction ratio. Secondly, the model of variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is manufactured to validate the variable camber concept. Finally, wind tunnel tests are conducted in the low speed wind tunnel. It is found that the wing camber increases with the increase of air pressure. When the air pressure of PAMs is 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa, the tip displacement of the trailing-edge is 3 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The lift of aerofoil with flexible trailing-edge increases by 87% at AOA of 5°.     

气动柔性关节六足机器人腿关节提升机构设计与仿真

针对气动柔性关机六足机器人腿部关节提升高度小,越障能力差的问题,设计了一种基于平行四杆机构的腿关节提升机构。搭建了运动学实验平台,并对样机进行运动学实验研究。实验结果表明：该提升机构能够有效的将腿部关节提升高度增加19mm,使机器人越障能力扩大为原来的1.63倍,为气动柔性关节六足机器人的研究奠定了基础。     

一种粗糙壁面爬行机器人的设计与实现

为实现针对粗糙壁面的低噪声爬行机器人,对生物足部特性探讨研究,分析了一种粗糙壁面爬行机器人的机械结构及其运动学原理,利用仿生四杆机构设计主体爬行机构,足尖采用锋利的爪钩结构,单足由多足趾组成,足趾为具备局部自由度的弹性结构,对粗糙墙壁面具有自适应性,设计完成粗糙壁面爬行机器人的样机,并深入分析足尖切入粗糙壁面角度对攀爬可靠性的影响.最终通过实验分析,验证了爪钩的足部结构设计、材料选择的合理性.     

巡检机器人的主控软件设计与实现

介绍一种沿架空高压线路行驶的巡检机器人的控制硬件系统结构,并详细分析巡检机器人的功能需求,在此基础上确定巡检机器人控制软件的工作方式并对机器人本体主控程序进行详细设计.为达到实时高效的控制目的,根据WinCE多任务的特点,在EVC环境下采用多线程技术实现了主控软件的功能模块化,并详细介绍每个工作线程的工作过程.使用WINDOWS内核对象有效地实现了线程间的同步控制.利用MFC框架简化了软件设计方法,提高了软件的重用度及开发效率.实验表明,控制软件系统运行稳定,实时性好,能满足应用需求.     

一种辅助踝髋关节的柔性可穿戴步行辅助机器人的设计与分析

针对传统的外骨骼机器人存在的柔顺性差、穿戴舒适性差等问题,设计了一种可以为踝髋关节提供辅助的可穿戴机器人.该机器人由踝关节驱动系统、髋关节驱动系统、传递系统和绑带系统组成.通过对踝髋关节的受力分析表明,在穿戴者步态周期的0%～60%范围内该机器人可以为踝关节和髋关节提供约200 N和222 N的峰值力,进而可以为穿戴者的脚踝弯曲和髋关节伸展提供帮助.该研究成果可为外骨骼步行辅助机器人的设计提供理论依据.     

适用于三段大部件对接的柔性装配平台设计与优化

针对飞机数字化装配系统要求具有充分柔性的问题,提出一种能同时满足3种不同机型的柔性装配平台,主要内容包括：根据3种不同机型工艺接头的安装位置,采用六块机身移动平台进行支撑的布局方案,并优化移动平台的外形尺寸;对移动平台进行结构设计,并采用有限元分析得到平台的应力分布、承载变形和振动模态;使用拓扑优化工具找寻与移动平台载荷匹配的加强筋分布,通过对比分析得到一种新的加强筋分布形式.该平台通过简单的配置可以适用于结构尺寸相近的不同飞机共平台装配,且工作稳定可靠,具有充分的柔性．