大小颗粒混和的纳晶多孔TiO2薄膜电极的制备及其性能研究

把大小颗粒的纳晶TiO2进行混合,制备了纳晶多孔TiO2薄膜电极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中.研究表明,混合一定量的大颗粒纳晶,改善了纳晶多孔TiO2薄膜对染料的吸附量和薄膜电极对光的散射性能,提高了光电输出,在100mW/cm2光照条件下,染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率达到5.66%.     

Effect of MWCNT Inclusion in TiO2 Nanowire Array Film on the Photoelectrochemical Performance

Rutile TiO2 nanowire array films with multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) inclusion perpendicularly grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO) substrate were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method.The absorption edges of the TiO2 nanowire array films are blue-shifted with increasing MWCNT content.The resistance of the TiO2 nanowire array film is decreased by MWCNT inclusion.The optimum TiO2 /MWCNT molar ratio in the feedstock is 1:0.1.For the TiO2 nanowire array film with MWCNT inclusion served as electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC),an overall 194% increase of photoelectric conversion efficiency has been achieved.     

Fabrication and characterization of photoelectrode thin films with different morphologies of TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells

This study deals with the fabrication of three different morphologies of TiO2 nanoparticles to fabricate two-layer photoelectrode thin film for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The four different TiO2 morphologies are titania nanotubes (Tnt), TiO2 nanoparticles (H220), TiO2 nanoparticle (SP) and commercial DP-25 nanoparticles (P-25). To prepare the thin films of the photoelectrodes, the first layer is coated by H220 TiO2 nanoparticles, and the second is coated by 3 kinds of materials optimally proportionally mixed - P25, SP and Tnt. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs with photoelectrodes fabricated using H220 reached 6.31%. Finally, the TiO2 nanaomaterials with four different morphologies were used to prepare a two layer photoelectrode with the structure of H220/P25-Tnt-SP which was combined with a Pt counter electrode to assemble DSSCs. These DSSCs had photoelectric conversion efficiencies of as high as 7.47%.     

方酸菁功能材料修饰纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极的光电转换性能研究

考察了三种方酸菁染料修饰的米晶ＴｉＯ２薄膜电极表面应用于光电化学太阳能电池进行光电转换的情况,发现它们的光电化学性能参数按照Ｓｑ３〉Ｓｑ２〉Ｓｑ１的顺序,随着染料在纳米晶ＴｉＯ２上吸附力的增强而提高,其中,Ｓｑ３的光电转换效率为２．１７％,它在６５０ｎｍ处的最高单色光光电流效率ＩＰＣＥ值达到６．２％,表明方酸菁是一类优良的光电转换功能材料。     

ZnO调制改性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2光阳极研究

采用丝网印刷的方式制备了染料敏化太阳能电池的TiO2薄膜光阳极、TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜光阳极以及TiO2/ZnO双层薄膜光阳极,研究了ZnO对TiO2薄膜光阳极的调制改性作用。研究结果表明分别以醋酸锌和ZnO直接掺杂制备的TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜光阳极同未掺杂的TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,以醋酸锌为原料制备的复合薄膜光阳极使电池转换效率提高了1倍,而由于微米量级的ZnO的粒径大,用其作原料制得的复合薄膜光阳极反而使电池的转换效率有所降低。以醋酸锌为原料制备的TiO2/ZnO双层薄膜光阳极同TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,电池转换效率提高了13倍,通过性能优化后电池的转换效率达到4.7%。     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米棒,以ZnO纳米棒为原料制备出ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和N2吸脱附分析等研究了样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成,并通过紫外可见光度计和电化学工作站探讨了煅烧温度在80~600℃范围内ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能.此外,研究经TiCl4化学处理的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极光电性能的改善情况.结果表明,600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极制备的染料敏化太阳能电池表现出较优的光电性能,其短路电流密度(Jsc)为2.28 mA/cm2,开路电压(Voc)为0.631 V,光电转换效率η为0.66%.600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管经TiCl4处理后的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能得到显著改善,其光电转换效率η提高到1.06%.     

用于钙钛矿太阳能电池光阳极的TiO2/ZnTiO3复合物的制备与性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Zn/Ti物质的量比的TiO_2/ZnTiO_3复合粉体,并借助XRD分析粉末的晶体结构。将复合粉末制备成膜作为钙钛矿太阳能电池的光阳极,通过SEM表征复合膜的表面形貌,并对所组装电池的性能进行测试。结果显示,Zn/Ti物质的量比对电池的性能有很大影响,当n(Zn)∶n(Ti)=1∶6时,组装的太阳能电池光电转换效率最好。     

染料敏化太阳电池CuAl2O4/TiO2光阳极制备及性能

采用柠檬酸法制备了尖晶石型纳米晶CuAl2O4,将其添加到P25(degussa,TiO2)中,制备成CuAl2O4/TiO2薄膜光阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC),对其光电性能进行表征。结果表明:CuAl2O4的加入,电池性能得到提高;当CuAl2O4含量为2%(质量分数)时,与纯TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,光电转化效率提高了39.1%。     

Enhancement of photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells with the spin-coated TiO2 blocking layer

The TiO2 thin film layers were introduced with the spin-coating method between FTO electrode and TiO2 photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to prevent electron back migration from the FTO electrode to electrolyte. The DSSC containg different thickness of TiO2 thin film (10-30, 40-60 and 120-150 nm) were prepared and photovoltaic performances were analysed with /-Vcurves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum cell performance was observed in DSSC with 10-30 nm of TiO2 thin film thickness (11.92 mA/cm2, 0.74 V, 64%, and 5.62%) to compare with that of pristine DSSC (11.09 mA/cm2, 0.65 V, 62%, and 4.43%). The variation of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with different TiO2 thin film thickness was discussed with the analysis of crystallographic and microstructural properties of TiO2 thin films.     

TiO2介孔薄膜电阻对染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换性能的影响

TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻可能是影响染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率的主要因素之一.设计了一种可用于测试TiO2介孔薄膜电阻的方法,研究了2种不同电阻值的TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻变化规律和2种TiO2介孔薄膜组装的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)的光电转换性能.结果显示,采用低电阻的TiO2薄膜光电极有利于DSC光电转换效率的提高.     

FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜光电性能

采用溶液浸渍法在ITO导电玻璃表面的多孔TiO2薄膜上沉积了FeS2薄膜.使用Fe2O3粉末保护裸露在外的ITO导电膜在硫气氛中热处理后,制得了FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜.应用B531/H数显测厚指示表、数字式四探针测试仪、XJCM-8太阳电池测试仪等研究了FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜的厚度、ITO导电玻璃的电阻率以及FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜的光电性能.结果表明：此方法制得的FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜具有良好的光电性能;且ITO导电膜的电阻率变化较小.因而适宜制备色素增感太阳能电池（DSSC）.     

Application of TiO2 nanoparticles coated multi-wall carbon nanotube to dye-sensitized solar cells

This study uses the sol-gel method to prepare TiO2 nanoparticle, and further applies TiO2 nanoparticle coating on the surface of the multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). As a result, TiO2-CNT composite nanoparticles are prepared to serve as photoelectrode material in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). First, after acid treatment of MWCNT is used to remove impurities. Then, the sol-gel method is employed to prepare TiO2-CNT composite nanopowder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that after the TiO2 in TiO2-CNT composite nanopowder has been thermally treated at 450 degrees C, it can be completely changed to anatase phase. Furthermore, as shown from the SEM image, TiO2 has been successfully coated on CNT. The photoelectrode of DSSC is prepared using the electrophoretic deposition method (EPD) to mix the Degassa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles with TiO2-CNT powder for deposition on the indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. After secondary EPD, a thin film of TiO2/CNTs with thickness 17 microm can be acquired. For the prepared TiO2-CNT composite nanoparticles, since MWCNT can increase the short-circuit current density of DSSC, the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of DSSC can be effectively increased. Experimental results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC using CNT/TiO2 photoelectrode and N719 dye is increased by 41% from the original 3.45% to 4.87%.     

聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对TiO2薄膜微观结构及DSSC性能的影响

用水热法制备了多孔TiO2光电薄膜;分析了聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对纳米TiO2晶体薄膜微观结构的影响;用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和场发射扫描电镜对纳米TiO2薄膜进行了表征;并对组装的染料敏化太阳能电池进行了光电性能测试,发现用聚苯乙烯处理后的TiO2薄膜提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的开路电压、短路电流密度、填充因子和光电转换效率.     

半导体耦合法改性纳米TiO2薄膜在DSSC中的应用

染料敏化纳米晶TiO2薄膜太阳能电池具有成本低廉、制作简单和环保等优点,吸引了国内外研究者的广泛关注。综述了半导体复合TiO2薄膜在DSSC中应用的研究进展,重点阐述了半导体复合TiO2薄膜的机理,总结了半导体复合TiO2薄膜的种类及制备方法,并分析了其对太阳能电池光电性能的影响。     

Enhanced electron transport in mesoporous TiO2 films modified by sol-gel necking for dye-sensitized solar cells

Mesoporous TiO2 films modified via sol-gel necking were fabricated by dispersing Ti tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP; 8 to 16 wt% over TiO2) with TiO2 nanoparticles in isopropyl alcohol. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with 13 wt% TTIP-modified TiO2 film exhibited significantly improved overall energy conversion efficiency, despite having less adsorbed dye when compared with DSSCs with untreated and TiCl4 post-treated TiO2 films. The improvement can be attributed to the sol-gel necking (or interconnection) between the nanoparticles which leads to a much faster electron transport and a suppression of the recombination (or back electron transfer) between the TiO2 and electrolyte.     

An unconventional route to high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells via embedding graphitic thin films into TiO2 nanoparticle photoanode

Graphitic thin films embedded with highly dispersed titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles were incorporated for the first time into the conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), resulting in a remarkably improved cell efficiency due to its superior electron conductivity. Massively ordered arrays of TiO(2) dots embedded in carbon matrix were fabricated via UV-stabilization of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) films containing TiO(2) precursors followed by direct carbonization. For dye-sensitized TiO(2) based solar cells containing carbon/TiO(2) thin layers at both sides of pristine TiO(2) layer, an increase of 62.3% [corrected] in overall power conversion efficiency was achieved compared with neat TiO(2)-based DSSCs. Such a remarkably improved cell efficiency was ascribed to the superior electron conductivity and extended electron lifetime elucidated by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 anode film with spinodal phase separation structure in dye-sensitized solar cells

Low electronic transmission efficiency and high charge recombination are the existing problems of photoanode film in traditional dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This paper put forward the photoanode TiO₂ films with spinodal phase separation structure (SPSS) and continuous TiO₂ skeleton which were triggered by the photopolymerization of organic monomers in a photomonomer-inorganic precursor system. The photoanode TiO₂ films fabricated by different precursor solution compositions and different coating layers were characterized mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photocatalysis and photoelectric performance test. The results indicated that, the as-prepared TiO₂ anode film with seven coating layers and heat treated at 500 °C showed higher photoelectric conversion efficiency at about 2% than that of other samples with less coating layers and lower heat treatment temperature. The film also showed excellent photocatalytic activity by using methylene blue (MB) dye as a model organic substrate under fluorescent lamp irradiation. It is suggested that the film with SPSS structure has the potential to improve the electronic transmission efficiency and reduce the carrier recombination due to its particular structure, higher surface area, and lack of bottleneck in electronic transmission. It is worth noting that the SPSS structure provides new ideas to develop new photoanode films and further improve the photoelectric conversion performance of the DSSC in future.     

Assembly of CdS quantum dots onto mesoscopic TiO(2) films for quantum dot-sensitized solar cell applications

Colloidal cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared and surface modified by mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) to render a surface with carboxylic acid groups (MSA-CdS). The MSA-CdS QDs were then assembled onto bare TiO(2) mesoporous films using the carboxylic groups/TiO(2) interaction. The TiO(2) film was also surface modified by 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) or 3-aminopropyl-methyl diethoxysilane (APMDS) to prepare, respectively, a thiol (-SH) or amino (-NH(2)) terminated surface for binding with the CdS QDs. The experimental results showed that the MPTMS-modified film has the highest adsorption rate and adsorption amount to the CdS QDs, attributable to the strong thiol/CdS interaction. In contrast, the adsorption rate and incorporated amount of the QDs on the bare TiO(2) film are much lower than for the silane-modified films. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) obtained for the CdS-sensitized TiO(2) electrode was about 20% (at 400?nm) for the bare TiO(2), 13% for the MPTMS-TiO(2), and 6% for APMDS-TiO(2). The current-voltage measurement under dark conditions reveals a higher dark current on the MPTMS-?and APMDS-modified electrodes, indicating a lower coverage ratio of CdS on these TiO(2) films. This result is attributed to the fast adsorption rate of CdS QDs on the bottleneck of a mesopore which inhibits the transport of the QDs deep into the inner region of a pore. For the bare TiO(2) film, the lower incorporated amount of CdS but higher energy conversion efficiency indicates the formation of a better-covered CdS QDs monolayer. The moderate adsorption rate of MSA-CdS QDs using the carboxylic acid/TiO(2) interaction is responsible for the efficient assembly of QDs onto the mesoporous TiO(2) films.     

Highly active nanocrystalline TiO(2) photoelectrodes

A simple method for the fabrication of highly photoactive nanocrystalline two-layer TiO(2) electrodes for solar cell applications is presented. Diluted titanium acetylacetonate has been used as a precursor for covering SnO(2):F (FTO) films with dense packed TiO(2) nanocrystallites. The nanoporous thick TiO(2) film follows the dense packed thin TiO(2) film as a second layer. For the latter, amorphous TiO(2) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a sol-gel technique in an acidic environment with pH<1 and hydrothermal growth at a temperature of 200?°C. The acidic nanoparticle gel was neutralized by basic ammonia and a TiO(2) gel of pH?5 was obtained; this pH value is higher than the recently reported value of 3.1 (Park et al 2005 Adv. Mater. 17 2349-53). Highly interconnected, nanoporous, transparent and active TiO(2) films have been fabricated from the pH?5 gel. SEM, AFM and XRD analyses have been carried out for investigation of the crystal structure and the size of nanoparticles as well as the surface morphology of the films. Investigation of the photocurrent-voltage characteristics has shown improvement in cell performance along with the modification of the surface morphology, depending on pH of the TiO(2) gel. Increasing the pH of the gel from 2.1 to 5 enhanced the overall conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells by approximately 30%. An energy conversion efficiency of 8.83% has been achieved for the cell (AM1.5, 100 mWcm(-2) simulated sunlight) compared to 6.61% efficiency in the absence of ammonia in the TiO(2) gel.     

One-step synthesis of CdS sensitized TiO₂ photoanodes for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by microwave assisted chemical bath deposition method

Sensitized-type solar cells based on TiO? photoanodes and CdS quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers have been studied. CdS QDs are grown on TiO? films, utilizing one-step microwave assisted chemical bath deposition (MACBD) method. This method allows a facile and rapid deposition and integration between CdS QDs and TiO? films. The photovoltaic performances of the cells fabricated using CdS precursor solutions with different concentrations are investigated. The results show that the cell based on MACBD deposited TiO?/CdS electrode achieves a maximum short circuit current density of 7.20 mAcm?2 and power conversion efficiency of 1.18 % at one sun (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm?2), which is comparable to the ones prepared using conventional techniques.