油井单体储油罐太阳能加温装置的研究

根据油井单体储油罐太阳能加温装置的开发研制情况,介绍了太阳能加温装置的构成和特点,对一个应用实例进行设计计算及选型,并对油井单体储罐传统加热方式和太阳能加热方式的加热效果及节能效果进行了对比,分析了两者的经济效益和社会效益.     

与太阳能热水器配套的节水控温装置

设计了一种与太阳能热水器相配套的节水控温装置。使用该装置可以较好地解决太阳能热水器使用过程中,储水箱到用户的管路内滞留的冷水未被充分利用或直接浪费的问题、手动调节水温时易导致出水温度不稳定的问题等。该装置简单实用,成本低廉,具有很好的应用价值。     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

太阳跟踪装置的双模式控制系统

介绍了用于太阳跟踪装置控制系统中的两种控制模式结构、组成和工作原理。对该模式进行适当设置,即可用于太阳能热水器、太阳能屋顶发电、太阳能干燥器、太阳能电池、太阳灶、太阳能空调、太阳能路灯等各种太阳跟踪装置中,实现双模式控制。双模式控制系统具有较强的通用性和适应性。     

一种机械式半自动太阳能热水器上水装置

针对现有太阳能热水器上水装置难以满足低能耗、低故障率的需求,对太阳能热水器上水装置及上水过程进行了研究,设计了一种机械式半自动太阳能热水器上水装置,内部采用卷曲弹簧触动控制装置,实现自动关闭上水阀门,解决了其他上水装置故障率高、能耗大、结构复杂等问题。实验结果表明:该机械式半自动太阳能热水器上水装置在上水过程中具有较强的可靠性和适应性,可运用于不同领域。     

基于自适应PIR技术的太阳能照明装置研究

为了解决太阳能照明装置中PIR电路检测距离较小、抗干扰性较差等问题,一种应用于太阳能照明装置的自适应PIR技术方案被提出。该方案基于自适应控制思想,有效地结合了时域分析和频域分析的优点,使太阳能照明装置中的PIR电路既具有快速响应特性,又具有较强的抗干扰特性。文章通过实验证明了该方案的可行性。研究结果表明,该方案的实施不仅能够有效提高太阳能照明装置中PIR电路的检测距离和抗干扰性,还能解决太阳能照明装置中PIR技术的其它应用问题。     

太阳能充电手提多用吸尘器

由江苏省专利事务所提供信息的太阳能充电手提多用吸尘器,应用了太阳能电池板、双功能充电集成总成等充电装置,可以用太阳能充电,也可以用交流电充电。对无电源地区或经常流动作业场所更为适合。该吸尘器除吸尘功能以外,还有照明、检验伪钞功能,带有磁吸的可以供驾驶员修车照明用。它使用轻便,方法简单、安全、寿命长,外观设计美观大方。愿作技术转让。     

多级迭盘式太阳能海水淡化装置的性能研究与经济性分析

设计制作了一台多级迭盘式太阳能海水淡化装置。该装置通过折皱底面来强化凝结作用,利用与最下面一级相连的热管式真空管集热器供热,在天气晴朗时能够不需其他动力自动制取淡水,具有操作简单、运行可靠、维护费用低等特点。试验结果表明,该装置利用太阳能制取淡水的性能系数为1.01,是一种较理想的户用太阳能海水淡化装置。文章还对装置寿命期内的经济效益进行了分析。     

太阳热水器静电除垢装置研制

太阳热水器在运动过程中的结垢和座蚀等问题会造成传热恶化，严重影响热水器的各项性能指标，介绍了在太阳能热水器中安装采用静电阻垢、防腐蚀技术研制的小型静电水处理装置，该装置由脉冲高压直流电源和水处理器两部分组成。阻垢、防腐蚀对比试验在两台12D18L太阳能热水器上进行，运行3个月，一台安装静电水处理装置，一台不安装。测试表明，该装置能有效地起阻垢、除垢、防腐蚀作用，并具有制造运动费用低、效率高、无二次污染等特点。     

太阳能-空气源双能源复合供暖在严寒地区农村住宅中的应用研究

针对空气源热泵热风机在室外低温环境下供暖性能衰减，导致室内冬季供暖效果变差等问题，为充分发挥资源优势，提出了一种太阳能-空气源双能源复合高效集成装置，实现了太阳能集热器与低温空气源热泵热风机联合供暖。介绍了该集成装置的技术原理和控制策略，通过TRNSYS软件对该集成装置在哈尔滨地区农村住宅的供暖效果进行了研究，并对该集成装置供暖和低温空气源热泵热风机单独供暖的效果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：太阳能-空气源双能源复合高效集成装置实现了太阳能与空气源两种能源更为合理的供暖时段匹配。在整个供暖季，与低温空气源热泵热风机单独供暖相比，该集成装置的供暖效果更好且能耗更低，其系统总能耗降低了2034.8 kWh，制热能效比提升了35.06%。     

太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统实验测试和数值模拟研究

太阳能的高效利用是解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的主要手段之一。文章基于太阳能相变蓄热系统,建立带有辅助热源的太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统实验台,并利用该实验台对相变材料(融点为48~50℃的石蜡)进行热能存储实验。实验结果表明:加热12 min后,顶层石蜡温度达到140℃以上,并且融化完全;加载完成后,中层石蜡的最高温度为63℃;静置2 h后,储能罐中的石蜡开始放载,最后均匀混合,顶层、中层和底层石蜡的温度均达到42℃。文章在实验结果的基础上,利用Fluent软件对太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统内相变材料(石蜡和熔融盐)的换热过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,在相同时间内,当采用石蜡作为相变材料时,太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统的换热效率较高。     

Solar multi-mode heating system based on latent heat thermal energy storage and its application

为克服太阳能间断性和不稳定性的缺点进而实现太阳能集热与采暖的能量供需调节和全天候连续供热,提出了基于相变储热的太阳能多模式采暖方法（太阳能集热直接采暖、太阳能集热采暖+相变储热、太阳能相变储热采暖）,并在西藏林芝市某建筑搭建了太阳能与相变储热相结合的采暖系统,该系统可根据太阳能集热温度和外界供热需求实现太阳能多模式采暖的自动控制和自动运行。实验研究表明：在西藏地区采用真空管太阳能集热器可以和中低温相变储热器很好地结合,白天储热器在储热过程中平均储热功率为10.63 kW,储热量达到92.67 kW·h,相变平台明显;晚上储热器在放热过程中供热量达85.23 kW·h,放热功率和放热温度平稳,储放热效率达92%,其储热密度是传统水箱的3.6倍,可连续供热时间长达10 h,从而实现了基于相变储热的太阳能全天候连续供热,相关研究结果对我国西藏地区实施太阳能采暖具有一定的指导作用。     

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Performance of a Solar Single Storage Tank

The single-tank latent heat thermal energy storage(LHTES) of solar energy mainly consists of two modules: the first one is the phase change material(PCM) module heated by solar energy; the second is a module of heat transfer between melted PCM and the user's low-temperature water. This paper mainly focuses on the former one. To investigate the heat transfer performance of the paraffin-based solar single storage tank and find a more suitable experimental configuration, as basic research work, we established a single-tank thermal storage platform and then conducted a numerical simulation on the heat transfer process with Fluent. The result of numerical simulation shows that the test situation was basically reflected and the data agreed well with the experiment results. The numerical simulation analysis is accurate and the method is reliable. To obtain the heat transfer performance of paraffin in a single tank and strengthen heat transfer, the aspect ratio, the melting temperature of paraffin, and the heating power of the electric heater were analyzed based on simulation. The results show that the heat transfer gets more uniform when the aspect ratio is lower. This results in an increase in the liquid fraction of 61.83% to 76.47% one hour after heating when the aspect ratio of the tank reduced from 2.8 to 1.1. The higher the melting temperature of paraffin, the longer it takes for PCM to reach a stable state. And the curvature of liquid heating is greater than that of solid heating at the bottom layer. Under the constant total work, the heating power has little effect on the heat transfer performance of the paraffin. This study will provide some reference value for the optimization design of single-tank LHTES systems in the future.     

Experimental Analysis of a Solar Energy Storage Heat Pump System

This paper introduces a novel solar-assisted heat pump system with phase change energy storage and describes the methodology used to analyze the performance of the proposed system. A mathematical model was established for the key parts of the system including solar evaporator, condenser, phase change energy storage tank, and compressor. In parallel to the modelling work, an experimental set-up of the proposed solar energy storage heat pump system was developed. The experimental data showed that the designed system is capable of meeting cold day heating demands in rural areas of Yanbian city located in Jilin province of China. In day-time operation, the solar heat pump system stores excess energy in the energy storage tank for heating purposes. A desired indoor temperature was achieved; the average coefficient of performance of solar heat pump was identified as 4.5, and the system showed a stable performance throughout the day. In night-time operation, the energy stored in the storage tank was released through a liquid-solid change of phase in the employed phase-change material. In this way, the provision of continuous heat for ten hours was ensured within the building, and the desired indoor air conditions were achieved.     

基于圆柱形单元的储热装置放热实验研究

蓄热水箱作为太阳能供暖系统的重要核心设备,其性能直接影响着储能系统的整体运行效率。设计一种基于圆柱形相变单元的相变储热装置,并搭建相变蓄热水箱性能测试平台,通过单一控制变量法得到储热装置放热过程的温度变化曲线。研究表明：对于空间一定的储热装置,在等质量相变材料（PCM）时,相变单元的直径对装置放热速率的影响较大;相变单元之间的间距对装置放热速率的影响较小;当增大换热流体（HTF）的入口流量及降低HTF入口温度时,能大大减少储热装置的放热时间,提高储热装置的整体性能。     

Modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a latent storage material

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry. Solar collectors are used as the primary source of thermal energy, with two distinct loops allowing the collectors to operate in series with an ice tank, or a warm water tank. Thermal energy stored in the ice tank is transferred to a warm water distribution tank via a heat pump. First, a new mathematical model of an ice slurry storage tank is presented. Validation of the model with experimental data confirms its ability to predict the ice mass and tank fluid temperatures during the charging and discharging modes of operation. The developed ice tank model is combined with the TRNSYS energy simulation program to formulate a complete model of the proposed heat pump system. This computer model then serves as a base for a mathematical optimization with the objective to minimize the energy use for heating and DHW over a single heating season. Simulated results demonstrate the potential of the optimized system in reducing the heating operating energy use of a high performance home in Montreal, QC.     

Dimensioning of the solar heating system in the zero energy house in Denmark

The paper describes the project for a Zero Energy House constructed at the Technical University of Denmark. The house is designed and constructed in such a way that it can be heated all winter without any “artificial” energy supply, the main source being solar energy. With energy conservation arrangements, such as high-insulated constructions (30–40 cm mineral wool insulation), movable insulation of the windows and heat recovery in the ventilating system, the total heat requirement for space heating is calculated to 2300 kWh per year. For a typical, well insulated, one-storied, one-family house built in Denmark, the corresponding heat requirement is 20,000 kWh. The solar heating system is dimensioned to cover the heat requirements and the hot water supply for the Zero Energy House during the whole year on the basis of the weather data in the “Reference Year”. The solar heating system consists of a 42 m² flat-plate solar collector, a 30 m³ water storage tank (insulated with 60 cm of mineral wool), and a heat distribution system. A total heat balance is set up for the system and solved for each day of the “Reference Year”. Collected and accumulated solar energy in the system is about 7300 kWh per yr; 30 per cent of the collected energy is used for space heating, 30 per cent for hot water supply, and 40 per cent is heat loss from the accumulator tank. For the operation of the solar heating system, the pumps and valves need a conventional electric energy supply of 230 kWh per year (corresponding to 5 per cent of the useful solar energy).     

太阳能与谷电互补供热系统设计

利用太阳能辅以低谷电加热,采用两个储热罐进行交替轮流集热、供热。当正常集热或低温预热时,两个储热罐的水温低者优先集热循环运行;若两储热罐水温相同,则设定储热罐优先集热循环运行。当正常供热、夜间防冻循环和低温维持运行时,太阳能集热系统优先于低谷电循环运行给储热罐加热。当假日集热或低温保温供热时,同时给两储热罐集热循环运行。供热循环水泵和用热循环水泵的启动运行,以供热时优先,其停止运行以用热系统的回水温度大于或等于取暖温度的最大设定值者优先。以可编程控制器和组态软件技术,实现了系统集热、供热时段的定温、定时、定温差。此互补供热系统可以取代传统的高耗能锅炉,节能率达30%以上。     

Analysis of solar aided heat pump systems with seasonal thermal energy storage in surface tanks

Annual periodic performance of a solar assisted ground-coupled heat pump space heating system with seasonal energy storage in a hemispherical surface tank is investigated using analytical and computational methods. The system investigated employs solar energy collection and dumping into a seasonal surface tank throughout the whole year with extraction of thermal energy from the tank for space heating during the winter season. A computational model is presented in this study for the prediction of the annual periodic transient behaviour of the system under investigation. The present computational model is based on a hybrid analytical–numerical procedure which facilitates determination of the annual variation of water temperature in the surface tank, the amounts of solar thermal energy collected during each month and the annual periodic performance of the solar aided space heating system.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of a solar heating system with heat pump

In this study, the performance of a solar heating system with a heat pump was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results were obtained from November to April during the heating season. The experimentally obtained results are used to calculate the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP), seasonal heating performance, the fraction of annual load met by free energy, storage and collector efficiencies and total energy consumption of the systems during the heating season. The average seasonal heating performance values are 4.0 and 3.0 for series and parallel heat pump systems, respectively. A mathematical model was also developed for the analysis of the solar heating system. The model consists of dynamic and heat transfer relations concerning the fundamental components in the system such as solar collector, latent heat thermal energy storage tank, compressor, condenser, evaporator and meteorological data. Some model parameters of the system such as COP, theoretical collector numbers (N_c), collector efficiency, heating capacity, compressor power, and temperatures (T₁, T₂, T₃, T_T) in the storage tank were calculated by using the experimental results. It is concluded that the theoretical model agreed well with the experimental results.