漂浮型Ag2CrO4-g-C3N4-TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩可见光催化材料除藻性能

以Al₂O₃改性的膨胀珍珠岩(mEP)为载体，采用溶胶凝胶-浸渍沉积法制备Ag₂CrO₄-g-C₃N₄-TiO₂/mEP漂浮型可见光催化材料。对制备的光催化材料使用XRD、N₂吸附/脱附、FESEM-EDS、XPS和UV-vis DRS等分析方法进行材料表征。实验结果表明，不同的Ag₂CrO₄含量可对复合催化剂的晶型和比表面积产生影响，过高的Ag₂CrO₄可在催化剂的表面形成团聚颗粒不利于催化剂对藻细胞的吸附和光催化灭活。以铜绿微囊藻为处理对象，光催化剂中Ag₂CrO₄/TiO₂的理论摩尔比为0.05，初始藻细胞浓度为2.75×106 cells/mL时，单纯暗吸附8 h藻细胞的去除率为10.3%，在吸附和光催化的协同作用下，藻细胞的去除率可达81.88%。光催化除藻过程中起主要作用的为光生空穴h+，该催化剂在重复利用三次后对藻细胞仍有72.19%的去除率，催化剂有较好的稳定性。      

陶瓷添加物对Ti_3SiC_2基复合材料抗氧化性的影响

为研究陶瓷添加物对Ti3SiC2基复合材料性能的影响,首先,采用反应热压烧结法制备了Ti3SiC2材料及陶瓷添加物含量均为30wt%的SiC/Ti3SiC2、Al2O3/Ti3SiC2和MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料。然后,测试了材料的力学性能和导电性,在1 373~1 773K温度范围内对Ti3SiC2基复合材料的抗氧化性进行了研究,并对其烧结试样的物相组成和显微结构等进行了表征。结果表明:Ti3SiC2在高温氧化后的主要产物为TiO2和SiO2;氧化层分为内外2层,内层由TiO2与SiO2这2相混合组成,外层为TiO2;氧化层中存在大量显气孔,结构较为疏松,导致抗氧化性较差。与Al2O3/Ti3SiC2和MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料相比,SiC/Ti3SiC2复合材料具有更好的抗氧化性。     

Effect of temperature on the catalytic oxidation of CO over nano-sized iron oxide

Nanocrystallite iron oxide powders were prepared by co-precipitation method using highly purified FeCl₃ and NH₄OH solution. The prepared powders were tested for the catalytic oxidation of CO to CO₂. The effect of oxidation temperature on the catalytic reaction was isothermally investigated using advanced quadrpole mass gas analyzer system. The mechanism of the catalytic oxidation reaction was estimated from the experimental data. Fe₂O₃ nanocrystallite of 78 nm shows a good response towards catalytic CO oxidation at the temperature range 200–500 °C. The catalytic oxidation efficiency reached 98% at 400–500 °C. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to CO. The average activation energy of the reaction was found to be 26.3 kJ/mol which is smaller than the values reported in the literatures. The mechanism of CO catalytic oxidation was investigated by comparing the CO catalytic oxidation data in the absence and presence of oxygen. It was found that the catalytic oxidation of CO over Fe₂O₃ nanocrystallite proceeded by adsorption mechanism. Based on the experimental results, Fe₂O₃ nanocrystallite powders can be recommended as a promising catalyst for CO oxidation.     

陶瓷前驱体配比对Si-Zr-B掺杂沥青基炭材料抗氧化性能的影响

以SiC、ZrC、ZrB₂前驱体和二甲苯可溶煤沥青为原料共裂解制备了Si-Zr-B掺杂沥青, 掺杂沥青经共炭化、冷压成型以及高温热处理得到了Si-Zr-B掺杂沥青基炭材料。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段分析了掺杂沥青基炭材料的组成和微观形貌, 并研究了其在1500℃静态空气环境中的氧化行为。结果表明, 随着SiC前驱体含量的降低, Si-Zr-B掺杂沥青基炭材料的失重率呈现先减少后增大的趋势, 当原料中SiC、ZrC和ZrB₂前驱体质量比为1:2:1时, 所制备的样品具有较好的抗氧化性能, 它在1500℃氧化4 h, 失重为27.5wt%, 氧化深度为0.7 mm。在Si-Zr-B掺杂沥青基炭材料表面氧化形成的致密的SiO₂-ZrO₂-B₂O₃玻璃态阻氧层可以有效降低氧化性气氛向材料内部扩散的速率, 提高其抗氧化性能。     

Yttrium oxide film deposition by a Langmuir-Blodgett processing technique and its incorpiration into oxide scales by substrate oxidation

Thin films (about 10 nm) of Y₂O₃ have been deposited by a Langmuir-Blodgett processing technique onto a variety of substrates: type 304 stainless steel, low carbon steel, titanium, zirconium and silicon. The substrates were afterwards oxidized in air at 800, 1000 (304 steel), 400 (low C steel), 500 (Ti), 450 (Zr) and 1000 (Si) °C. The effects of the film on the oxide scale thickness and the interaction between Y₂O₃ and the oxide of the substrate have been studied by ion backscattering. In stainless steel, the Y₂O₃ film reduces the oxidation rate by orders of magnitude and Y is distributed throughout the oxide scalw (1–10 at.% level). In other substrates, the effect on oxidation rate was less pronounced, but changes in the visual appearance often took place. The Y₂O₃ incorporation varied for the different substrates, and Y₂O₃ remained as a surface film in the cases of Ti and Si. Such films exhibited good adherence and could not be removed by wiping. The potential use of metal oxide thin films for surface analysis standards and diffusion marker studies is discussed.     

层状硅酸钇改性SiCf/SiC复合材料湿氧化行为研究

研究了层状硅酸钇的引入对SiC_f/SiC复合材料湿氧化行为的影响。首先通过硝酸钇乙醇溶液浸渍热解法向碳化硅纤维引入Y₂O₃, 再采用化学气相渗透法沉积SiC。层状Y₂Si₂O₇主要通过Y₂O₃与沉积过程中的SiC反应转化而成。研究发现, Y₂Si₂O₇在1400 ℃湿氧环境条件下发生富集, 在氧化层表面形成保护层。氧化80 h后, 单层和多层Y₂Si₂O₇改性的SiC_f/SiC复合材料强度保留率分别达到60.38%和71.93%, 而没有改性的SiC_f/SiC复合材料强度保留率仅为50.11%。结果表明: 层状Y₂Si₂O₇的引入可显著提升SiC_f/SiC复合材料在湿氧环境的抗氧化性能。     

Low temperature plasma-assisted oxidation and thin-film deposition processes for forming device-quality SiO2/Si and composite dielectric-SiO2/Si heterostructures

In the high-temperature thermal oxidation of Si, the SiO₂/Si interface is continuously regenerated as the bulk oxide grows. This paper describes an alternative low temperature, 200–300 °C, plasma-assisted process that optimizes electrical properties of SiO₂/Si interfaces and bulk SiO₂ layers by separately controlling interface formation and bulk oxide deposition. Composite dielectrics, oxide/nitride (ON) and oxide (ONO), have been fabricated by extending the low temperature plasma-assisted processes to include deposition of Si₃N₄ films. The electrical properties of SiO₂/Si structures formed by the two-step, low temperature oxidation-deposition process are essentially the same as those of SiO₂/Si structures formed by high temperature, 850–1050 °C, thermal oxidation. The electrical properties of devices incorporating ON and ONO composite dielectrics are degraded with respect to the SiO₂/Si structures, but are similar to those of composite dielectrics formed by combinations of high temperature processing.     

Temperature dependence of the growth of gallium oxide on CoGa(100)

The oxidation of a CoGa(100) surface at high temperatures has been studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). When CoGa(100) is oxidised at a sufficiently high temperature (>600 K), an ordered Ga₂O₃ film is formed. The stability of the film depends on the sample temperature and partial oxygen pressure of the ambient gas. At negligible oxygen pressure (<10⁻¹¹ mbar) the oxide is stable up to 850 K. At an oxygen pressure of 10⁻⁶ mbar the oxide is stable up to 930 K and some of the oxide remains present up to 970 K. The oxide film is found to be very uniform. The thickness of the film is constant and independent of the oxidation temperature (600 K<T<930 K), oxygen pressure (<10⁻⁶ mbar), and exposure (10⁻⁴–10⁻² mbar.s≈10²–10⁴ L). We find a clear improvement of the order of the oxide film surface with increasing oxidation temperature. In STM images, a domain structure of the oxide film is observed. The size of the domains increases by a factor of 5–10 when the oxidation temperature is increased from 700 to 900 K.     

Characterization by CEMS, XRD and XPS of oxidized layers formed on the surface of carbonitrided low-carbon steel

The surface structure and oxidation characteristics of carbonitrided low-carbon steel, prepared by oxidizing the surfaces in salt-baths after the carbonitriding process, have been studied using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The formation of an iron oxide layer in the carbonitrided surface improved the corrosion resistance significantly. The steel surface after carbonitriding for 3600 s consisted of - and γ′-nitride, -carbonitride, and cementite. After the oxidation, two sextets and one doublet were observed, attributable to the presence of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, and of fine crystals of ferromagnetic iron oxides such as -Fe₂O₃, γ-Fe₂O₃, and Fe₃O₄. Crosssectional analysis or depth profiling of the carbonitrided layer revealed the presence of iron oxides not only in the outermost oxide layer but also in the carbonitrided layer. Oxygen diffused deep into the carbonitrided layer and formed fine crystals of iron oxides there, distorting the crystal lattices of -carbonitride and γ′-nitride.     

EDTA辅助合成Co3O4纳米材料及其气敏性能

以有机化合物作为助剂合成纳米材料, 可调控材料的形貌和结构, 进而影响材料的催化和电化学性能。以乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA-2Na)为助剂, 乙酸钴为钴源, 利用水热法合成Co₃O₄纳米材料, 测定材料的结构和气敏性能, 研究其结构与气敏性能的关系, 并探讨EDTA-2Na在材料合成中的作用机制。结果表明, Co²⁺与EDTA^2-形成的配合物调控Co₃O₄晶核的生长方向, 形成了边长约为50 nm的六边形介孔纳米片。在205 ℃下, 利用该材料构筑的气敏传感器对100×10^-6甲苯响应值约为104, 在225 ℃下对100×10^-6丙酮的响应值约为70。该传感器对甲苯和丙酮等挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的高响应性能是由于EDTA-2Na辅助合成的Co₃O₄表面存在的大量缺陷, 提高了吸附氧含量。另外, 介孔结构和较大的比表面积有利于VOCs的吸附、表面反应和扩散。本研究提供了一种添加EDTA-2Na辅助合成Co₃O₄纳米材料并获得高响应VOCs气体传感器的有效方法。     

Electro/EIectrolless Deposited Alloy Based Solar Selective Absorber Coatings

The chemical composition, morphology, selective absorber characteristics and degradation of selective absorber characteristics at high temperatures of black chrome solar selective coating are influenced by various substrate pre-treatments like mechanical polishing, chemical etching and electropolishing prior to film deposition. The major oxide content in the deposit is formed as Cu₂(OH) ₂CrO₄(JCPDS 38-0230), which on high temperature annealing decomposes to CuCrO₄(JCPDS 34-0507), CuO (JCPDS 41-0254) and Cu₂O (JCPDS 5-0667). Formation of the oxides of Cu at high temperatures retains the high optical absorption characteristics of the coating even after high temperature degradation.     

纤维状多孔钙锰氧化物制备及其氧还原反应电催化活性

首次以海藻酸钙纤维为载体制得层状-钙钛矿结构的Ca₂MnO₄钙锰氧化物(Ca-Mn-O), 并以尖晶石结构的CaMn₃O₆为对比样, 测试了样品作为电化学氧还原催化剂(ORR)的性能。通过XRD、FE-SEM、TEM和BET对材料进行表征, 结果表明该层状-钙钛矿结构的氧化物具有内部相互交联的多孔网状结构和大的比表面积。电催化测试结果表明: Ca₂MnO₄氧化物具有明显的催化活性, 高的极限扩散电流密度、接近四电子氧化还原以及在碱性溶液中较低产率的过氧化氢, 说明这种廉价而丰富的ORR催化剂具有潜在的应用前景。Ca-Mn-O氧化物的催化活性(初始还原电位、极限电流密度以及电子转移数)很大程度依赖于表面Mn的氧化态和晶体结构。此外, 大的比表面积和多孔网状结构, 增多了氧还原反应的电催化活性位; 高的氧空位浓度有利于氧还原反应的进行; 合适的晶体结构具有开放的空间, 有利于氧的吸附。     

原位合成TiB2/Fe复合材料的高温氧化行为

采用微波烧结技术原位生成TiB₂/Fe复合材料,研究其在500℃、600℃与700℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,并对氧化膜的表面、截面形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:TiB₂/Fe复合材料由TiB₂、Fe₂B和α-Fe三种物相组成。随着氧化温度的升高,TiB₂/Fe复合材料的氧化增重明显增大,均呈现抛物线型规律,在500℃时,其氧化产物主要为Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄,而700℃时,其氧化物为Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、Fe₉TiO₁₅及少量Fe₃BO₆组成。相同温度下,随着TiB₂含量增加,TiB₂/Fe复合材料氧化物粒径、氧化增重和氧化层厚度均减小,氧化激活能增大,其抗氧化性能也越好。      

Corrosion of tin in citric acid solution and the effect of some inorganic anions

The corrosion behaviour of tin in different concentrations of citric acid solutions (0.3–1.0 M, pH=1.8) was studied at 30 °C by potentiodynamic technique. The E/I profiles exhibit an active passive behaviour. The active dissolution involves one anodic peak A associated with a dissolution of the metals as Sn(II) species. The passivity is due to the formation of thin film of SnO₂ and or Sn(OH)₄ on the anode surface. The cathodic sweep shows a small peak C related to the reduction of the passive film. The peak current density I_p of peak A increases with increasing both acid concentration and sweep rate.

The effects of adding increasing concentrations of Na₂CrO₄, NaMoO₄, NaNO₃ and NaNO₂ on the corrosion of tin in 0.5 M citric acid at 30 °C were investigated. Both CrO₄²⁻ and MoO₄²⁻ ions inhibit the corrosion of tin and the extent of inhibition enhances with their concentrations. Addition of either NO₃⁻ or NO₂⁻ accelerates the corrosion of tin. NO₃⁻ ions are more aggressive than NO₂⁻ ions.     

电解液组分对TiCP/Ti6Al4V复合材料微弧氧化膜耐蚀性及耐磨性影响

采用微弧氧化技术在 TiC_P/Ti6Al4V 复合材料表面制备陶瓷膜。在NaAlO₂和NaH₂PO₂两种溶液体系中通过添加不同添加剂 NaOH、C₁₀H₁₂CaNa₂N₂O₈·4H₂O和Na₂SiO₃, 研究电解液组分对陶瓷膜组织、耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响。结果表明: 在NaH₂PO₂电解液体系中生成的膜层由金红石型和锐钛矿型TiO₂相组成, 而在NaAlO₂体系中除了生成TiO₂外, 还生成了Al₂TiO₅和γ-Al₂O₃。添加NaOH可以加快微弧氧化反应速率, 添加NaAlO₂和Na₂SiO₃有利于提高膜层的硬度, NaH₂PO₂溶液体系中形成的膜层厚度是NaAlO₂溶液体系的2~3倍。 在NaAlO₂和NaH₂PO₂电解液体系中生成的膜层, 其耐腐蚀性能排序均为: Na₂SiO₃>C₁₀H₁₂CaNa₂N₂O₈·4H₂O>NaOH。在NaAlO₂电解液体系中生成的膜层的耐磨性能排序为: Na₂SiO₃>NaOH>C₁₀H₁₂CaNa₂N₂O₈·4H₂O, 而在NaH₂PO₂电解液体系中生成的膜层的耐磨性能排序为: Na₂SiO₃>C₁₀H₁₂CaNa₂N₂O₈·4H₂O>NaOH。TiC_P/Ti6Al4V复合材料经过微弧氧化处理后, 耐磨性和耐蚀性均优于基体, 在NaH₂PO₂+Na₂SiO₃电解液中生成的微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性最好, 耐磨性也较好, 其腐蚀电流密度较钛基复合材料基体降低约2个数量级, 因此综合性能最好。     

阶段占空比对ZrH1.8表面微弧氧化陶瓷层性能的影响

为了提高氢化锆表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的致密性及阻氢性能, 采用恒压模式对氢化锆基体进行微弧氧化处理, 在磷酸盐电解液体系下, 研究阶段占空比分别为40%-50%-60%、50%-60%-40%和60%-50%-40%三种情况下陶瓷层的生长过程。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、膜层测厚仪分析陶瓷层的形貌、相结构及厚度; 通过真空脱氢实验评价不同阶段占空比模式下获得陶瓷层的阻氢性能。研究结果表明: 不同阶段占空比模式下在ZrH_1.8表面可制得厚度分别为162.6、175.9、158.7 μm的氧化锆陶瓷层, 且所制微弧氧化陶瓷层均由M-ZrO₂、T-ZrO₂以及Zr_0.95Ce_0.05O₂三种物相组成, 阶段占空比对陶瓷层物相组成无显著影响; 阶段占空比为40%-50%-60%条件下, 氢化锆表面所制陶瓷层厚度达到162.6 μm, 氢渗透降低因子(Permeation Reduction Factor, PRF)达到12.5, 阻氢性能较佳。     

Surface oxidation of silicon carbide: quantitative measurement and Rh effect

The oxidation degree of a commercial silicon carbide (SiC) powder was studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, using the intensity of the δ (SiO₂) band at 450 cm⁻¹ for measurements. Results are related to data obtained by LECO and gravimetric measurements. The influence of water in oxygen on the rate of the oxidation process was particularly examined. It was found that water alone had an oxidizing efficiency and that its mixture with oxygen increased the effect of the latter. The presence of Rh particles on SiC promoted the formation of SiO₂. However, as shown by the IR study of CO adsorption, this formation embedded the metal particles. This effect can be avoided by loading Rh on a precalcined SiC sample.     

石墨烯负载纳米Fe3O4复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用液相超声直接剥离法制备了石墨烯负载纳米Fe₃O₄复合材料, 用SEM、TEM对其形貌进行了表征, 利用多功能往复摩擦磨损试验仪考察了石墨烯负载纳米Fe₃O₄复合材料在纯水中的摩擦磨损性能。通过SEM、XPS分别分析了磨痕表面的形貌、典型元素的化学状态, 初步探讨了石墨烯负载纳米Fe₃O₄复合材料在纯水中的润滑机理。结果表明: 纳米Fe₃O₄均匀分布于多层石墨烯片层表面和层间, 粒径为20~90 nm; 其作为纯水添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能, 如试验载荷为10 N, 浓度为0.01wt%的石墨烯负载纳米Fe₃O₄复合材料水分散体系润滑时比纯水润滑的摩擦系数和磨损体积分别下降26.7%和35.4%, 这主要是由于复合材料在磨损表面形成了吸附膜、含石墨烯和纳米Fe₃O₄的边界润滑膜, 抑制了Fe的氧化, 减轻了摩擦表面的磨损。     

Structural and ionization effects on the adsorption behaviors of some anilinic compounds from aqueous solution onto high-area carbon-cloth

The adsorption of anilinic compounds; aniline, p-toluidine, 1-napthylamine and sodium salt of diphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid from solutions in H₂O, in 1 M H₂SO₄ or in 0.1 M NaOH onto activated carbon-cloth was studied by in situ UV spectroscopy. A specially designed adsorption cell was used for this purpose. The adsorption processes were found to follow first-order kinetics and the rate constants were determined. The pH at the point of zero charge of the carbon-cloth surface was measured as 7.4. The highest rates and extents of adsorption were observed from H₂O solutions for aniline, p-toluidine and 1-napthylamine and from solution in 1 M H₂SO₄ for the sodium salt of diphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid. The adsorption behaviors of these four anilinic compounds in the three solutions (in H₂O, in 0.1 M NaOH and in 1 M H₂SO₄) were explained in terms of electrostatic and dispersion interactions between carbon-cloth surface and the anilinic species. The adsorption isotherm data for the anilinic compounds were derived at 30 °C and treated according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Freundlich model was found to represent the experimental isotherm data better than Langmuir model.     

中空磁性氧化石墨烯的制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

用共沉淀法将Fe3O4沉淀在PS微球上并用甲苯去除PS制备出Fe3O4@PS,再用超声将用Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯包裹在Fe3O4@PS表面制备出中空磁性氧化石墨烯,研究了这种复合材料对模拟亚甲基蓝废水的吸附.结果 表明:在55℃,用中空磁性氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝染料吸附60 min达到平衡,最大吸附量为349....