烟气脱硫技术综述(续一)

简要介绍了烟气脱硫技术的分类、各类烟气脱硫技术的主要特点，以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱友技术的工艺流程，并对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点进行了简单评述。     

大气硫污染与脱硫技术

简介目前的主要烟气脱硫技术，包括传统处理方法和新型脱硫技术，并对近年来国内外发展的烟气脱硫新工艺、新技术的原理及研究现状进行了评述，最终展望了大气脱硫技术的发展方向。     

烟气脱硫技术综述（待续）

简要介绍了烟气脱硫技术的分类、各类烟气脱硫技术的主要特点,以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术的工艺流程。对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点也作了简单评述。     

浅析烧结烟气脱硫技术

概述了烧结机烟气脱硫技术现状,简要说明了烧结机烟气的主要特点,并从有效性、经济性、安全性三个角度分析烧结机烟气脱硫技术的选择。表明钢铁企业需结合自身特点,选择最适合的烟气脱硫技术。     

烧结机循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的分析研究

本文根据某钢铁集团有限公司烧结机的实际情况和要求,分析提出了采用循环流化床烟气脱硫技术来进行烧结烟气脱硫。文中介绍了循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的工艺原理、特点、设备、主要性能参数对脱硫效率的影响等。     

氧化镁法脱硫技术应用与技术比较

本文主要介绍镁法脱硫原理、工艺流程、镁法脱硫技术的特点,并对几种成熟的湿法烟气脱硫技术进行了比较,得出氧化镁法烟气脱硫技术脱硫效率高,经济效益好,有很广阔的应用前景。     

催化裂化烟气脱硫技术分析

催化裂化烟气脱硫技术是现阶段主要的污染物控制措施,我国催化裂化装置(FCC装置)在运行过程中可经过内部结构与烟气内二氧化硫的一系列反应,结合配套污水处理单元及外排污水管网,保证烟气的有效脱硫,同时可减少外环境负担。本文从可再生循环技术、抛弃法、干法烟气脱硫等方面对催化裂化烟气脱硫技术进行了分析。     

燃煤电厂脱硫技术机理分析

SO2的排放直接影响到环境,危害人类的健康,而燃煤电厂的SO2排放量一直是我国大气污染的主要来源,因此,对燃煤电厂进行脱硫意义重大。本文首先对燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的现状进行了概述,对燃煤电厂脱硫技术尤其是石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术进行了详细探讨,对烟气脱硫技术发展中应注意的问题提出了一些看法,最后对烟气脱硫技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

烟气脱硫技术的研究

概述了烟气中二氧化硫对环境的危害,介绍了几种主要的燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术,对各种脱硫工艺的优缺点以及主要影响因素进行了总结与分析。     

CFB法烟气脱硫技术在燃煤电厂的应用

以山东龙口电厂CFB法烟气脱硫工程为例，介绍了CFB法烟气脱硫技术在燃煤电厂中的应用。     

Spray drying absorption for desulphurization: a review of recent developments

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Sulphur dioxide (SO2) abatement technologies, i.e. flue gas desulphurization (FGD), have proven effective in curtailing the harmful SO2 emissions...     

Materials for flue gas desulfurization systems operating in Korea and their failures

Abstract

Most flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems operating in Korea are wet systems which are exposed to aggressive chemical and mechanical environments. Many kinds of materials such as stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), C276 or Ti clad steels, and non-metallic coatings/linings over carbon steel have been used for the FGD systems, with their ductwork and chimney exposed in the severe environments. The materials are required to survive during their design life, but some materials are not sufficiently resistant to the corrosive environments in the FGD systems, resulting in the failures of materials and hence increased maintenance costs. Especially, the non-metallic materials and stainless steels have been used extensively in early installations in order to reduce the initial material costs, but they frequently failed early in the severe corrosive environments. This paper presents some representative examples of failures that occurred at the wet FGD systems operating in Korea and their counter measures.     

Experimental assessment of flue gas desulfurization residues and basic oxygen furnace slag on fatigue and moisture resistance of HMA

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residues both are industrial wastes. Research on using BOF slag as a novel aggregate and FGD residues as a filler in road construction has benefits both in environment and economics. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of FGD residues and BOF slag on the fatigue performance and moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fatigue performance of asphalt mixture was conducted by means of indirect tensile fatigue test. Stress loading control mode, with four stress levels (300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa), was used in this research. Statistic t‐test was adopted, and it had approved the positive effect of BOF slag and FGD residues on the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance of asphalt mixture was investigated by retained Marshall stability test and tensile strength ratio test. Research results indicate that BOF slag and FGD residues can improve the fatigue and moisture resistance, when the BOF slag and FGD residues based asphalt mixture was designed properly.     

Implications of moisture content determination in the environmental characterisation of FGD gypsum for its disposal in landfills

The leachable contents of elements of environmental concern considered in the Council Decision 2003/33/EC on waste disposal were determined in flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum. To this end, leaching tests were performed following the standard EN-12457-4 which specifies the determination of the dry mass of the material at 105 degrees C and the use of a liquid to solid (L/S) ratio of 10l kg(-1) dry matter. Additionally, leaching tests were also carried out taking into account the dry mass of the material at 60 degrees C and using different L/S ratios (2, 5, 8, 10, 15 and 20l kg(-1) dry matter). It was found that the dry mass determination at 105 degrees C turns out to be inappropriate for FGD gypsum since at this temperature gypsum transforms into bassanite, and so, in addition to moisture content, crystalline water is removed. As a consequence the moisture content is overvalued (about 16%), what makes consider a lower L/S ratio than that specified by the standard EN-12457-4. As a result the leachable contents in FGD gypsum are, in general, overestimated, what could lead to more strict environmental requirements for FGD gypsum when considering its disposal in landfills, specially concerning those elements (e.g., F) risking the characterisation of FGD gypsum as a waste acceptable at landfills for non-hazardous wastes.     

Least cost SO2 emission minimization for a petroleum refinery by optimum use of source reduction, tail gas treatment and flue gas desulphurization

With the growing awareness on the necessity to preserve the environment, pollution standards are turning more stringent and minimization of waste at the source has become the first choice option rather than the end-of-pipe treatment. The objective of the present research is to identify the optimum combination of source reduction (SR), tail gas treatment (TGT) and flue gas desulphurization (FGD) to minimize the total cost of overall SO₂ emission from a petroleum refinery to various desired limits. It has been found that for the typical refinery considered, the TGT is the lowest cost option than either SR or FGD; however, only a maximum of ~12.5% reduction is achievable through the TGT. After full utilization of TGT, for the next range of SO₂ emission reductions from ~12.5% to ~64%, the SR is more economical than FGD. For a still stringent SO₂ emission limit, i.e. SO₂ emission reduction higher than ~64%, the full utilization of the TGT and the optimum use of SR and FGD are the best options.     

火电机组脱硫超低排放运行能耗分析与节能运行展望

完成超低排放改造后,脱硫系统运行能耗大幅增加,脱硫厂用电率平均值为1.40%,折合供电煤耗约为4.4 g/（kW·h）。随着火电企业经营压力加重,超低排放运行时必须同时兼顾节能和减排双重目标。基于此,选取了33台不同工艺（单塔、双塔）的600 MW级机组作为研究对象,从脱硫厂用电率和单位脱硫能耗2方面分析了运行能耗情况,并重点分析了能耗影响因素。最后,从开展能效对标管理、脱硫系统运行优化、关键设备节能改造、浆液品质把控、精细化检修、合理使用脱硫添加剂等角度,对脱硫运行节能进行了展望。     

Interactions between mercury and dry FGD ash in simulated post combustion conditions

Two different flue gas desulfurization (FGD) ash samples were exposed to a simulated flue gas stream containing elemental mercury vapor to evaluate the interactions and determine the effects of gas components, dry FGD ash samples, and temperature on adsorption and heterogeneous oxidation of mercury. Both samples were characterized for surface area, unburned carbon content, element content, and mineralogical composition. Mercury speciation downstream from the sample was determined using Ontario Hydro Method. Results showed that higher levels of mercury oxidation were associated with higher levels of mercury capture. The NO(2), HCl, and Cl(2) promoted mercury oxidation, while SO(2) and NO had inhibitory effects on mercury oxidation. Unburned carbon of dry FGD ash sample played an important role in mercury capture. Whether the surface area was caused by unburned carbon or by calcium-based sorbents might be more significant than the level of surface area. Extent of mercury oxidation and capture increased slightly and then decreased as the temperature rising due to the interaction of mass transfer and reaction rates control.     

Fluoride accumulation by plants grown in acid soils amended with flue gas desulphurisation gypsum

The application of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum as an acid soil ameliorant was studied in order to establish the possible detrimental effects on plants and animals feeding on them caused by the high fluoride content in this by-product. A greenhouse experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to determine the F accumulation by two plant species (alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) grown in acid soils amended with different FGD gypsum doses (0-10%). The F concentrations in plant aerial parts were comprised in the range 22-65 mg kg⁻¹, and those in plant roots varied from 49 to 135 mg kg⁻¹. The F contents in the above-ground plant tissues showed to decrease with the FGD gypsum application rate, whereas an inverse trend was manifested by plant roots. The increase in the soil content of soluble Ca as a result of the FGD gypsum addition seemed to play an important role in limiting the translocation of F to plant aerial parts.     

电厂脱硫泵用机械密封故障分析和维修

以可门电厂脱硫浆液泵的维修为例,总体上分析了脱硫浆液泵机械密封失效的原因;阐述了在调试和维护中出现的故障,并分析了一些值得注意的问题,提出一些维修方面的相应对策。     

喷射雾滴烟气流动蒸发特性

电站锅炉烟气脱硫废水喷入烟道蒸发是电厂废水零排放最经济可行的技术途径之一。针对该技术实际应用中存在的在烟道壁面上结垢腐蚀问题,以单台300 MW机组为对象,将针对连续相烟气的湍流流动传热欧拉方法,以及离散相雾化液滴群流动蒸发的拉格朗日方法相结合,建立物理数学模型。通过数值模拟方法,研究脱硫废水喷射雾滴在烟气中的流动蒸发特性及其影响因素,获得不同运行条件下喷雾的扩散范围和液滴在烟气内的运动轨迹。结果表明：烟气温度越高、雾化液滴群的直径越小,其完全蒸发所需的时间和距离越短;采用多喷嘴小流量的布置方式可以提高雾化液滴群的蒸发质量;喷嘴喷射方向的选择应该保证雾化液滴群与烟气相对运动增强的同时,保证液滴能在规定距离和时间内完全扩散并与烟气进行充分接触和换热,实现雾化液滴群蒸发质量的最大化;而液滴初速度、喷嘴的喷射全锥角、烟气速度对蒸发率的影响不大。研究结果可为火电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发的工艺设计及性能调控提供依据。