ALA光动力学治疗对C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响

目的:通过细胞学水平研究不同剂量ALA光动力学治疗对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞凋亡的影响。方法:以不同剂量的ALA(10μg/ml、20μg/ml、40μg/ml、80μg/ml、160μg/ml)与C6胶质瘤细胞一起培养,随后以630nm半导体激光200mW/cm2,照射肿瘤细胞,照射20分钟,及与不用光敏剂单照激光、单用光敏剂不照光、不用光敏剂不照激光空白对照组比较。以流式细胞仪及倒置微镜、电镜观察促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的差别,寻找促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的最小合适剂量。结果:对照组没有细胞凋亡,ALA-PDT组随着剂量的增加细胞凋亡数增加。尤其晚期凋亡数明显增加,用药剂量增加至40μg/cc才能达到活细胞少于50%,即使剂量增加到160μg/cc,还是有19.7423的活细胞存在。结论:单纯用ALA激光PDT治疗不能达到完全将肿瘤细胞杀灭,ALA40mg/kg激光光动力学治疗才能得到明显的治疗效果。     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠S180肉瘤研究

目的通过鼠肿瘤动物模型确定ALA配合小剂量HPD激光光动力疗法促使肿细胞死亡及凋亡的疗效及光敏药物最佳用药剂量。方法以不同剂量的ALA口服(20μg/ml、40μg/ml、60μg/ml)、HPD2.5μg/ml静脉注射、24小时后,以630nm半导体激光250mW/cm2照射,每光斑照射20分钟剂量,照光前及照光后不同时间以肉眼、肿瘤大小测定、病理、电镜、流式细胞仪观察单纯ALA-PDT、HPD-PDT、二者配合的疗效差别并与未作光动力学治疗的空白对照组模型作比较,寻找最佳的光敏药物配合的剂量。结果ALA20-40μg/ml口服配合HPD2.5μg/ml静脉注射作半导体630nm激光250mW/cm2照射20分钟组光动力学治疗组,从形态学观察,肿瘤大小测定、病理、电镜、流式细胞仪观察是能达到较佳的肿瘤坏死变性、细胞凋亡、肿瘤消失的最小用光敏剂剂量。结论ALA20-40mg/kg配合HPD2.5mg/kg,630半导体激光250mW/cm2,照射20分钟是能到小鼠S180肉瘤肿瘤模型光动力学治疗最佳疗效的最小光敏剂剂量。     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗对C6胶质瘤细胞影响的研究

目的通过细胞学水平研究确定ALA配合小剂量HPD激光光动力疗法促使肿细胞凋亡及死亡的光敏药用药剂量及与两者单独使用的差别.方法以不同剂量的ALA(20μg/ml、40μg/ml、60μg/ ml、80μg/ ml、160μg/ ml)、HPD(1μg/ml、2μg/ml、3μg/ml、4μg/ml、5μg/ml)、两者联合与C6胶质瘤瘤细胞一起培养,随后以630nm半导体激光200mW/cm2,照射肿瘤细胞,照射20分钟,及与不用光敏剂单照激光、单用光敏剂不照光、不用光敏剂不照激光空白对照组比较.以流式细胞仪及倒置显微镜、电镜观察促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的差别,寻找促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的最小合适剂量.结果ALA40μg/ml配合HPD2.5μg/ml与C6胶质瘤细胞同时培养,630半导体激光200mW/cm2,照射20分钟组从倒置显微镜及电镜形态学观察及流式细胞仪测定是能达到较佳的细胞凋亡的最小光敏剂剂量.单纯ALA-PDT组中能达到小鼠C6胶质瘤细胞明显凋亡的最小剂量是ALA(80μg/ml),单纯HPD-PDT组中能达到小鼠C6胶质瘤细胞明显凋亡最小剂量是HPD(5μg/ml).结论ALA40mg/kg配合HPD2.5mg/kg,630半导体激光200mW/cm2,照射20分钟是能达到小鼠C6胶质瘤细胞明显凋亡的最小光敏剂剂量.     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗对鼠G422胶质瘤影响的研究

目的:通过鼠G422胶质瘤研究确定ALA联合小剂量HPD激光光动力疗法促使肿瘤细胞凋亡及死亡的光敏药用药剂量及与两者单独使用的差别.方法:以不同剂量的HPD(1、2、3、4、5 mg/kg)、ALA(20、40、60、80、160 mg/kg)、两者联合口服与静脉注射鼠G422脑胶质瘤瘤模型,随后以630nm半导体激光200mW/cm2 照射肿瘤.照射20分钟,及与不用光敏剂单照激光、单用光敏剂不照光、不用光敏剂不照激光空向对照组比较.以流式细胞仪、电镜观察促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的差别,病理,肿瘤生长曲线观察治疗肿瘤,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡及死亡的最小合适剂量.结果:HPDl-2mg/kg联合ALA40-60 mg/kg给药,630半导体激光200mW/cm.,照射20分钟组,从流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡、死亡及电镜、病理及肿瘤生长曲线形态学观察,其是能达到较佳的细胞凋亡、死亡的最小、合适的光敏剂剂量.单纯ALA-PDT组中能达到鼠G422胶质瘤细胞明显凋亡的最小剂量是ALA(80-160mg/kg),单纯HPD-PDT组是HPD4-5mg/kg.结论:HPDI一2mg/kg配合ALA40-60mg/kg,630半导体激光200mW/cm2,照射20分钟是能达到鼠G422胶质瘤细胞明显凋亡死亡,治疗肿瘤合适的最小光敏剂剂量.     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422脑胶质细胞肿瘤基因P16及P53变化的研究

目的:研究ALA、HPD及ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422脑胶质细胞瘤肿瘤基因P16及P53表达的变化.方法:以不同剂量ALA(20mg/kg、40 mg/kg、60 mg/kg、80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg)、HPD(1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg、3 mg/kg、4 mg/kg、5mg/kg)及不同剂量组合ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422脑胶质细胞肿瘤以波长630nm半导体激光照射,功率密度200mW/cm2,每光斑照射20分钟,PDT后一天、三天、七天及十四天,以流式细胞仪测试各组基因P16、P53不同光敏剂组及不同时间表达的变化并与不照光对照组比较.结果:本实验中未作PDT治疗的对照组肿瘤,肿瘤生长快,P16对照组最低值12.01%.最高值15.41%,HPD-PDT组表达最低值17.12%,最高值34.735%,ALA-PDT组.表达最低值17.1%,最高值25.51%,而HPD与ALA联合治疗组表达最低值16.5%,最高值28.22%;P53对照组最低值15.02%,最高值23.16%.HPD-PDT组,表达最低值29.98%,最高值43.62%.ALA-PDT组,表达最低值25.06%,最高值33.25%,而HPD与ALA联合治疗组表达最低值28.08%,最高值41.01%.总的P16、P53光动力学治疗组表达明显高于对照组,随光敏剂剂量增加表达值渐增,HPD-PDT组表达高于ALA组,HPDlmg/kg联合、ALA60-80mg/kg,HPD2mg/kg联合ALA40-60mg/kg,HPD3-4mg/kg联合ALA20mg/kg能达到P16表达最佳值及最高值.PDT后七天表达较佳.结论:推测PDT疗法激活了P16基因及p53基因功能,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡及坏死.联合疗法HPDlmg/kg联合ALA60-80mg/kg,HPD2mg/kg联合ALA40-60mg/kg光动力学治疗表达是最佳值或最高值,这样可明显提高ALA-PDT疗效及减少HPD-PDT的皮肤光毒反应.     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗对S180腹水瘤细胞的影响的研究

目的 :通过细胞学水平研究确定ALA配合小剂量HPD激光光动力疗法促使肿细胞死亡及凋亡的光敏药用药剂量及与二者单独使用的差别方法 :以不同剂量的ALA(40 μg/ml、80 μg/ml、16 0 μg/ml)、HPD(2 .5 μg/ml、5 μg/ml、10 μg/ml)、二者联合与S180腹水瘤细胞一起培养 ,随后以 6 30nm半导体激光 2 0 0mW /cm2 ,照射肿瘤细胞 ,照射 2 0分钟 ,及与不用光敏剂单照激光、单用光敏剂不照光、不用光敏剂不照激光空白对照组比较。以流式细胞仪及倒置微镜观察促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的差别 ,寻找促使肿瘤细胞凋亡或死亡的最小合适剂量。结果 :ALA4 0 μg/ml配合HPD2 .5 μg/ml与S180腹水瘤细胞同时培养 ,6 30半导体激光 2 0 0mW /cm2 ,照射 2 0分钟组从形态学观察及流式细胞仪测定是能达到较佳的细胞凋亡的最小用光敏剂剂量。单纯ALA -PDT组中能达到小鼠S180腹水瘤细胞明显凋亡的最小剂量是ALA(80 μg/ml) ,单纯HPD -PDT组中能达到小鼠S180腹水瘤细胞明显凋亡最小剂量是HPD(5 μg/ml)。结论 :ALA4 0mg/kg配合HPD2 .5mg/kg ,6 30半导体激光2 0 0mW /cm2 ,照射 2 0分钟是能达到小鼠S180腹水瘤细胞明显凋亡的最小光敏剂剂量。     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞内钙离子变化的研究

目的:研究ALA、HPD及ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞内钙离子变化,方法:以不同剂量ALA(20μg/ml、40μg/ml、60μg/ml、80μg/ml、160μg/ml)、HPD(1μg/ml、2μg/ml、3pg/ml、4μg/ml、5μg/ml)及不同剂量组合ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗C6胶质瘤细胞,应用Fluo-3AM为细胞内钙离子荧光指示剂,以激光共聚焦显微镜测定对照组及光动力学组照光后培养24小时活细胞细胞内钙离子含量,及测定单激光及对照组、光动力学治疗组照光前36秒及照光20分钟至停照光后20-100分钟细胞内钙离子浓度的动态变化,每12秒测定一次.结果:空白对照组、单激光、单加光敏剂组活C6胶质瘤细胞显示钙离子荧光值,在120分钟内变化较小.而光动力学治疗组,初照光5-15分钟内荧光明显慢慢增强,以后就逐渐下降,光敏药剂量大的初5-10分钟内荧光亮度上升很快,以后下降也快,可下降为0,剂量越大变化越明显,且光敏剂ALA较HPD更明显.二光敏剂联合组以上反应更明显,HPDl-2μg/ml联合ALA40-60μg/ml与HPD 5μg/ml组动态图相似.结论:通过本实验可推测光动力学作用后细胞内钙离子超载可能在细胞凋亡及死亡中发挥重要作用.二光敏剂联合可提高疗效,降低HPD光敏剂用量,减少皮肤光毒付反应,HPDl-2μg/ml联合ALA40-60μg/ml是较合适的剂量.     

5-氨基酮戊酸-光动力疗法治疗豚鼠银屑病模型的实验研究

目的:研究5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT)治疗豚鼠耳背部寻常型银屑病模型的可行性和作用机制.方法:采用20%ALA溶液局部封包豚鼠耳背部银屑病模型皮损4h,再用635nm半导体激光照射,能量密度12J/cm2.分设模型对照组、单纯照光组、单纯ALA组、一次ALA-PDT治疗组、二次ALA-PDT治疗组,治疗后于第7d、14d、21d、28d进行组织病理学和增殖细胞核抗原免疫组化观察疗效.结果:ALA-PDT能够治愈豚鼠耳背部寻常型银屑病模型的病变;二次ALA-PDT治疗组疗效优于一次ALA-PDT治疗组;结论:ALA-PDT疗法能抑制豚鼠耳背部寻常型银屑病模型的表皮细胞异常增殖,并能消除局部组织炎性反应,其疗效与治疗次数正相关.     

ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422胶质瘤肿瘤细胞内钙离子变化的研究

目的:研究ALA、HPD及ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422胶质瘤肿瘤细胞内钙离子变化.方法:以不同剂量ALA(20、40、60、80、160mg/kg、)、HPD(1、2、3、4,5mg/kg)及不同剂量组合ALA联合HPD光动力学治疗鼠G422胶质瘤肿瘤,应用Fluo-3AM为细胞内钙离子荧光指示剂,以激光共聚焦显微镜测定对照组及光动力学组照光后立即、一天、三天肿瘤活细胞细胞内钙离子含量,并同时测定单激光、单用光敏剂、及空白对照组鼠肿瘤细胞内钙离子表达.结果:空白对照组、单激光、单加光敏剂组鼠G422胶质瘤肿瘤显示3天内钙离子荧光值维持在较恒定值,光动力组在治疗后立即组可见钙离子值明显高于未作光动力学治疗的对照组,且与光敏剂剂量增加有关.光动力学治疗后一天及三天组肿瘤细胞内钙离子值明显低于立即组及未作光动力学治疗组.且与光敏剂剂量增加有关.ALA-PDT组较HPD-PDT组更明显.联合治疗组HPD1-2mg/kg联合LA40-60mg/kg光动力学治疗组肿瘤细胞内钙离子值接近HPD 5mg/kg光动力学治疗组.结论:通过本实验可推测光动力学作用后细胞内钙离子超载可能在细胞凋亡及死亡中发挥重要作用.二光敏剂联合可提高疗效,降低HPD光敏剂用量,减少皮肤光毒副反应,HPD1-2 mg/kg联合ALA40-60 mg/kg是较合适的剂量.     

光动力疗法中最佳光动力治疗剂量的研究

为了研究光动力过程中光剂量和光敏剂剂量对光动力损伤效果的影响,基于肿瘤组织中光动力损伤剂量的数学模型以及光动力损伤剂量与组织中光剂量、光敏剂剂量、氧浓度之间的函数关系,用数学方法模拟研究了给定模型组织中光及光敏剂的有效吸收剂量与氧浓度之间的关系,并用ALA-PDT实验研究了k562细胞悬浮液中不同药物剂量对光动力损伤效果的影响.研究发现,光动力过程中光剂量与光敏剂浓度存在一个最佳治疗剂量,其大小和组织中氧浓度有关,组织中越缺氧,最佳光动力剂量越小,光动力过程对组织的损伤越小,通过实验发现k562细胞悬浮液中最佳剂量为20×0.25(J/cm2·mmol/L),此时光动力损伤效果最明显.研究结果表明了PDT对肿瘤组织具有选择性光动力损伤的特点,并为PDT在临床上的广泛应用提供了理论支持.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks