基于自适应预处理的图像分割方法

为了防止分水岭算法过分割问题,该文提出了一种基于自适应预处理的图像分割算法。该方法在分水岭算法的基础上,首先结合像素点亮度特征和空间分布特性应用自适应方法对梯度图像进行预处理。通过考察各像素点邻域中像素分类后的分布情况,来判断考察点是处于区域中心还是处于边界,并据此对考察点的梯度值进行调节。然后在预处理后的梯度图像上选定标记,将预处理后的梯度图像中大于200个像素的连通区域标定为标记。最后用分水岭分割方法对带标记的参考图像进行分割。试验结果表明,该分割方法具有良好的分割效果。     

一种CT图像的肺实质分割方法

基于CT图像的肺实质分割不仅仅是后续图像处理最基础和最重要的技术,而且是一个典型的亟待解决的问题。本文利用水平集方法能初步获取较好的目标轮廓的特点和分水岭算法准确的边缘检测能力,提出一种基于水平集和分水岭相结合的改进轮廓检测算法。该算法采用由粗糙到准确的方式,在运用水平集演化初步检测目标轮廓的基础上,进一步运用标记分水岭算法检测准确的轮廓边界。结果表明,该方法能实现肺实质分割,解决了肺结节检测的预处理问题。     

结合自适应TV模型和分水岭变换的图像分割算法

针对传统分水岭算法对噪声敏感,易出现过分割的现象,提出一种自适应全变分模型和标记分水岭算法相结合的图像分割算法。采用自适应全变分模型对原始图像进行滤波处理,平滑去噪的同时保留图像的边缘信息;求解其多尺度形态学梯度图像,并用基于最大熵的扩展极小值技术获得的前景和背景标记并对其多尺度梯度图像修改;对修改后的梯度图像进行分水岭变换,实现准确的分割。对比常用和相似的图像分割算法,实验结果表明,该算法在抗噪性、运行时间和分割交并比上有一定的优势。尤其是在噪声强、灰度值接近的医学图像上能够获得合理有意义的分割区域,效果良好。     

结合光谱相似性与相位一致模型的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法

提出一种结合高分辨率遥感图像的光谱相似性与相位一致边缘检测模型的分水岭分割方法。分水岭分割算法的性能依赖于图像边缘梯度图。利用同类地物的光谱相似性特点,可有效抑制相位一致模型边缘检测中产生的伪边缘和噪声信息,从而获得更好的遥感图像分割结果。本文首先基于目标像元与其邻域像元之间的光谱曲线距离之和定义光谱相似性模型,结合相位一致模型获得边缘响应强度;然后利用自动标记分水岭变换方法实现高分辨率遥感图像分割。使用本文方法和其它方法对遥感图像进行了分割实验,并利用基于多光谱信息熵方法对分割结果进行了非监督评价和比较,同时对计算耗时进行了对比分析。结果表明本文所提方法可以有效地抑制遥感图像的过分割现象,并取得较好的分割结果。     

结合光谱相似性与相位一致模型的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法

提出一种结合高分辨率遥感图像的光谱相似性与相位一致边缘检测模型的分水岭分割方法.分水岭分割算法的性能依赖干图像边缘梯度图.利用同类地物的光谱相似性特点,可有效抑制相位一致模型边缘检测中产生的伪边缘和噪声信息,从而获得更好的遥感图像分割结果.首先基于目标像元与其邻域像元之间的光谱曲线距离之和定义光谱相似性模型,结合相位一致模型获得边缘响应强度;然后利用自动标记分水岭变换方法实现高分辨率遥感图像分割.基于此方法和其它方法进行了分割实验,并利用基于多光谱信息熵方法对分割结果进行了非监督评价和比较,同时对比分析了计算耗时.结果表明此方法可有效抑制遥感图像过分割现象,并取得较好的分割结果.     

萤火虫群优化算法多阈值的脑CT图像分割

在基于多阈值的脑,CT图像分割算法中,最佳阈值选取是脑CT图像中的关键,针对传统多阈值法的阈值选择难题为了提高脑。CT图像的分割准确率,提出一种萤火虫群算法优化多阈值的脑CT图像分割方法首先建立了基于多阈值法的脑图像分割数学模型,然后通过萤火虫群算法数学模型进行求解,搜索到脑CT图像分割的最佳阈值,CT最后采用最佳阈值完成脑CT图像的分割。仿真结果表明,萤火虫群算法提高了脑CT图像的精度,获得了更加理想的脑CT图像结果。     

一种适合医学图像分割的改进分水岭算法

对分水岭算法提出两点改进:先对原始图像的高帽和低帽形态作滤波预处理,滤除原始图像中的噪声和非感知信息,保留原始图像的结构信息;再采用修改了标记符的梯度图像进行分水岭分割,整个分割过程无须进行分割后的区域合并处理,降低了分割的复杂性.这种改进的方法不仅很好地抑制过分割现象,还能使医学图像中的病变区域被有效分割出来,该方法还支持任意形状,与新的静态图像压缩标准JPEG2000兼容,效果很好.     

一种快速鲁棒的红外图像分割方法

介绍了一种快速鲁棒的红外图像分割方法,算法是为了满足工程化应用。首先采用Canny边缘检测算子提取图像的边缘像素;然后统计边缘像素灰度值得到红外行人图像的分割阈值,并利用自适应双阈值算法对图像进行初始分割;最后通过边缘扫描对初始分割的图像区域进行边界修正,得到边界更加精确的目标区域。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好地保留行人的边缘信息,减少了区域像素错误分割,且具有较强的实时性。     

一种改进的分水岭分割的研究

用分水岭方法进行图像分割时,容易造成图像的过度分割.为了克服这种缺点,本文提出了改进的图像分水岭分割的方法.该方法先用改进的中值滤波对图像进行预处理,在去除噪声的同时很好的保持物体轮廓和细节;以传统标记提取为基础,以标记点为区域极小值对图像进行分水岭分割.实验结果显示,该方法能很好地抑制过度分割,使分割得到了较好的效果.     

基于2DGE图像先验的蛋白质点检测方法

各种改进的分水岭变换是目前应用最广的二维凝胶电泳(2DGE)图像蛋白质点分割算法.其中标记控制分水岭分割效果较好,但由于忽略了蛋白质点大小和形状,导致外标记落在部分蛋白质点区域内而无法正确分割.针对该问题,提出一种结合2DGE先验的分水岭分割方法.首先,根据2DGE图像蛋白质点中心灰度极小先验提取中心标记,并通过中心标记膨胀提取距离标记;然后,根据2DGE图像背景灰度极大先验,在距离标记划分的区块内提取原始2DGE图的局部自然分区标记,并对二者进行融合优化,获得最佳背景标记;最后在梯度图像各区块内进行分水岭变换,提取蛋白质点边缘.通过对四组真实扫描2DGE图像进行实验,结果表明,该方法明显改善了蛋白质点边缘检测正确率.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.