Guidelines for good tunnelling practice: Summary of the ITA working group report

This paper summarizes the contents of the ITA's Guidelines for Good Tunnelling Practice, which were compiled by the ITA Working Group on Health and Safety in Works. The guidelines deal with the following major aspects of health and safety in tunnelling: hygiene and safety planning, underground traffic and movements in shafts, ventilation, illumination, drilling and blasting, occupational health, underground electrical installations, the use of compressed air as a power source, and tunnelling with compressed air.     

Presentation of project status reports

In order for project managers to provide their superiors with a monthly summary statement of the progress of each project for which they are responsible, the project status sheet was developed. Prior to the development of this document, a trend chart was produced (using a Calcomp fast plotter) for each project, but the lines joining the successive predicted dates for each event could not be drawn by the machine but had to be drawn manually. The presentation tended to become confused if the number of selected events and the number of review dates increased significantly. To provide a more effective management presentation, the format of the chart was changed and data relating to the financial status of the project included.     

总承包（EPC）项目管理实践几点总结

总承包项目管理是项目开工至竣工交付使用及保修的全过程服务。其管理是系统工程,项目实施涉及面广、相关方多、费用大。通过已实施项目所涉及问题,论述总承包商如何把控项目合同和项目实施的关键要素,促进项目在公平、公正、风险合理分配下开展。     

福州正大广场工程设计总结

1 概况 福州正大广场工程地处福州市中心风景秀丽的于山脚下,位于五一路与古田路交汇处的五一广场东侧,是一座集商业、餐饮、娱乐、公寓及办公为一体的综合性建筑群.     

高边坡整治工程施工技术总结

结合新广武至原平段高速公路高边坡整治 ,进一步阐述了高边坡整治工程施工中的锚索、锚杆整治方案和施工方案。对锚杆、边坡整治加固后没发生一处楔形破坏 ,边坡开口后部裂缝填充后 ,没有再开裂现象。     

国内纸面石膏板项目工程设计总结和探索

总结了国内石膏板生产线的设计现状、要求、发展,提出了生产线系统节能;重视配料设计;提高控制水平;注重工程细节改进;引进、消化国外先进技术等方面是当务之急。     

梅观高速公路扩建工程路线设计研究总结

通过对梅观高速扩建工程路线设计的研究,以期能够对现状道路最大限度的利用,并尽可能精确地指引路基路面桥梁施工,在此基础上进一步提高道路安全性能,降低工程投资.     

上海地铁旁通道冻结工程中的施工经验总结

介绍了上海地铁旁通道工程中采用冻结法施工的经验,分析了在上海地铁中建设旁通道项目中管理的基本要素以及容易忽略的问题,提出各施工环节的管控要点及质量通病的预防,为今后冻结法施工旁通道的项目管理提供了指导。     

市政工程项目的成本管理及控制综述

紧紧围绕市政工程项目中成本管理的相关内容,介绍了当前市政工程项目成本管理的现状,然后分析了影响市政工程项目成本管理的一些主要因素,根据实际情况提出了一些合理化的建议。     

政府投资应急工程管理模式工作总结

结合坪山新区基本农田改造工程实例,对政府投资应急工程管理模式进行了归纳总结,分析了该管理模式的优缺点,并提出了有针对性的完善措施,为今后类似工程的建设管理提供了参考借鉴。     

The DECOVALEX III project: A summary of activities and lessons learned

Initiated in 1992, the DECOVALEX project is an international collaboration for advancing the understanding and modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes in geologic systems. The project has made important scientific achievements through three stages and is progressing in its fourth stage. It has played a key role in the development of mathematical modeling and in situ testing of coupled THM processes in fractured rock and buffer/backfill materials, a subject of importance for performance assessment of radioactive waste geologic repositories. This paper summarizes studies under the most recent stage of the project, DECOVALEX III (2000–2003). These studies include those of two major field experiments: (a) the FEBEX experiment at Grimsel, Switzerland, investigating coupled THM processes in a crystalline rock-bentonite system, and (b) the Drift Scale Test (DST) experiment at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, investigating coupled THM processes in unsaturated tuff. These are two of the largest multiyear heater tests undertaken to date for the study of coupled THM processes in geological systems. In addition, three so-called benchmark tests are also studied to evaluate the impact of coupled THM processes under different scenarios and geometries. Within the DECOVALEX project, multiple research teams participated in each of the studies, using different approaches and computer codes. Comparisons of results have provided insight into coupled THM processes, which in turn has stimulated further development of our modeling capabilities. Lessons learned from these studies are discussed. The scientific advances and enhanced insight gained through this kind of international cooperation illustrate the effectiveness of the DECOVALEX project.     

ITA position paper on types of contract : ITA Working Group on Contractual Practices in Underground Construction

This paper describes the following contracting concepts applicable to tunnelling and other underground construction work: Design-Bid-Build; Partial Design-Construct or Partial Design-Build; Design-Build and Turnkey; and Build-Operate-Transfer. Advantages, disadvantages, and related risks are summarized for each type of contract. Aspects of multiple construction contracts and contracting with an association of contractors are addressed. The three main methods of pricing—lump-sum, cost-reimbursable, and unit-price—are discussed in detail. Other aspects of compensation, such as bonus payments, currency of price, adjustment and revision of price, and payment conditions, are also addressed.     

汶川岷江东岸景观道路市政建设工程项目综述

以汶川县灾后重建民生工程为依托,研究了项目设计在尊重当地民族传统文化与习惯,注重生态环境保护与传承的基础上,景观及配套建筑设计的技巧,阐述了利用当地的木作、乱石墙等传统工艺手法,较好地表达了设计尊重场地及地域特征的设计原则。     

Machine tunnelling in the twenty-first century

In the coming decades, versatile machines will be developed that will be capable of boring through both hard rock and wet soil conditions. These machines will be able to pass from hard rock through a water-filled fault zone and in a soil tunnel under a river: they will make the transition with ease into a mixed face of rock and boulders. Machines will incorporate state-of-the-art electronics that will give the operator the information needed to maintain a high level of availability and utilization. This will be an important factor in reducing machine tunnelling costs. The new materials that will be used to build cutters will increase cutter life while reducing costs of tunnelling in the hardest rocks. New types of machines will cut non-circular tunnels in hard rock, providing highway and railroad builders the advantage of high-speed machine tunnelling. There will remain for the twenty-first century unlimited opportunities for development to solve difficult tunnelling problems such as undersea tunnels in weak rock conditions. If tunnel owners and builders utilize the resources of the machine developers effectively, technology will be developed rapidly and will dramatically reduce the cost of underground construction.     

Damage assessment of basaltic rock mass due to repeated blasting in a railway tunnelling project – A case study

The demand for tunnelling and underground space creation is rapidly growing due to the requirement of civil infrastructure projects and urbanisation. Blasting remains the most inexpensive method of underground excavations in hard rock. Unfortunately, there are no specific safety guidelines available for the blasted tunnels with regards to the threshold limits of vibrations caused by repeated blasting activity in the close proximity. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study conducted to find out the effect of repeated blast loading on the damage experienced by jointed basaltic rock mass during tunnelling works. Conducting of multiple rounds of blasts for various civil excavations in a railway tunnel imparted repeated loading on rock mass of sidewall and roof of the tunnel. The blast induced damage was assessed by using vibration attenuation equations of charge weight scaling law and measured by borehole extensometers and borehole camera. Ground vibrations of each blasting round were also monitored by triaxial geophones installed near the borehole extensometers. The peak particle velocity (V_max) observations and plastic deformations from borehole extensometers were used to develop a site specific damage model. The study reveals that repeated dynamic loading imparted on the exposed tunnel from subsequent blasts, in the vicinity, resulted in rock mass damage at lesser vibration levels than the critical peak particle velocity (V_cr). It was found that, the repeated blast loading resulted in the near-field damage due to high frequency waves and far-field damage due to low frequency waves. The far field damage, after 45–50 occurrences of blast loading, was up to 55% of the near-field damage in basaltic rock mass. The findings of the study clearly indicate that the phenomena of repeated blasting with respect to number of cycles of loading should be taken into consideration for proper assessment of blast induced damage in underground excavations.     

ITA Open session focuses on management of underground works

At the 1990 meeting of the International Tunnelling Association, held in Chengdu, P.R.C., the ITA Open Session focused on “Managment of Underground Works.” The session featured five presentations on various aspects of management of large-scale tunnelling projects. This report summarizes the content of the presentations.     

The challenge of subsea tunnelling

This paper introduces the concept of subsea tunnels, and reviews Norway's experience with such tunnels. Some early tunnels in Norway involved intakes to reservoirs consisting of submerged bottom piercings, or “lake taps.” Since the introduction of this method in 1905, more than 500 lake taps have been performed in Norway. The author also discusses the developments that have contributed to the increasing use of subsea tunnels, and mentions several future tunnels planned in Norway.