The development of a high functional continuous filtration system for sericite powders

A cake-less continuous filtration equipment has been developed based on an evaluation of inorganic powder slurry characteristics by many kinds of measurement methods, such as a sedimentation test under gravity and a hydrostatic pressure test. We have been developing a high-performance cake-less filtration system in which a condensed inorganic powder slurry layer maintains its fluidity. The development of this novel filtration system has allowed us to cease the scraping operation of the cake as well as to collect the highly condensed slurry more easily. These results clearly show that a new device may be realized for the deposition of highly condensed, fluid slurries. It is confirmed that the concentration of the condensed slurry amounted to 35 vol% while still retaining fluidity. The specifications of our new filtration system and its operation conditions for scale-up can be determined by theoretical methods. There is good potential for successfully collecting high condensation slurry more easily in a multiple filter system.     

A new plasma method of synthesizing aerosol particles

A new experimental method of synthesizing aerosol particles is demonstrated. A non-thermal plasma is used to sputter a solid target by energetic ion impact. Sputtered atoms nucleate in the gas phase to form particles, which the plasma levitates particles during several hours of operation. Particle growth can take place at room temperature. The plasma is formed in a vacuum vessel by a pair of parallel electrodes that are powered with a radio-frequency high voltage. Scanning electron micrographs reveal the particle morphology. Particles initially grow with a spherical shape, and their size can be selected by terminating the discharge after they have grown to the desired diameter. By altering the plasma parameters such as gas pressure and voltage, and by allowing particles to grow for a longer period of time, they can coagulate into string-like or fractal-like conglomerates.     

The simultaneous continuous dyeing and bulking of acrylic yarn

A pilot-scale installation has been used for the continuous differential dyeing and simultaneous bulking of acrylic yarns. The influence of yarn velocity, steam pressure and steaming temperature on the bulking effect and the rate of dye fixation was studied. Bulking and fixation were also affected by the composition of the dyebath. Conditions were established under which a very good bulking effect and almost complete dye fixation could be achieved.     

生物法处理染料废水的研究与进展

染料废水是难处理的工业废水之一,其大量排放不仅对环境带来极大的影响,而且影响到人类的健康.近年来,研究采用生物方法处理该类废水取得了一定的成效,介绍了几种目前应用在处理该类废水的生物方法,并评述了各种处理方法的适用条件、处理效果以及优缺点,提出生物技术将具有广阔的应用前景.     

The correlation between acoustic streaming patterns and aerosol removal efficiencies in an acoustic aerosol removal system

Recently, researchers proposed that a second-order effect, acoustic streaming, induced aerosol depositions as a noninvasive aerosol removal technique. However, the acoustic streaming patterns, which determined the deposition efficiencies, were merely observed but not investigated. This article studied this correlation by both experimental and numerical methods. By keeping the sound frequency and sound pressure level constant, the acoustic streaming field was varied by the dimensions of the air duct and ultrasonic radiating plate. The numerical model was validated by the experimental results on three accounts, acoustic streaming patterns, velocity vectors, and deposition trends. Two new parameters, acoustic deposition ratio and near wall vorticity magnitude, were introduced to measure and predict the correlation between variation of the acoustic fields and deposition efficiencies. It was found that the geometry that produced a high vorticity magnitude near the deposition surfaces provided the condition to induced high occurrence for aerosols depositions (up to 3.5 times the rate caused by nature deposition). The finding in this study provided a method to quantify acoustic streaming fields, and the correlation between such quantity and the related deposition performance. This provides a guideline for designing acoustic aerosol manipulation devices, which aims to cause deposit with a noninvasive method.

Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research     

A new approach to staff recruitment and development for a dyeing and finishing plant

Dundee Textiles, as a new dyeing and finishing plant on a greenfield site, had the ideal opportunity to implement many of the most current ideas in management policies. With Japanese interests in the fledgling company, those policies were taken from a wide-ranging spectrum of experience, the resultant culture having the best of both worlds. This paper discusses recruitment, development and associated policies in the light of this mix of interests. The culture that has developed from this background is outlined as a demonstration of the differences between much of today's industry and what may be expected tomorrow.     

Studies on dyeing method and dyeing properties of a sulphur black dye containing carboxylic acid groups on cotton

In this study the dyeing method of a sulphur black dye containing carboxylic acid groups on cotton was investigated. A dip–pad–bake dyeing process was applied and dyeing conditions were examined in detail. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to determine both the baking temperature and the dehydrant selection. Fastness properties of the sulphur black dye containing carboxylic acid groups were tested. It is concluded that the sulphur black dye not only has good dyeing performance, but also possesses good fastness properties.     

A novel method for continuous production of cyclodextrins using an immobilized enzyme system

Selected specific α-amylase and glucoamylase enzymes were immobilized and combined with immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase to continuously produce cyclodextrin (CD). The liquefied starch was cyclized to CD by ICGTase and then treated by immobilized α-amylase and glucoamylase to contain CD and glucose only. β-CD and soluble CD (α- and γ-CD) in the final CD solution could be easily separated. The pH-activity curve, temperature-activity curve, batch re-usability and continuous operation stability of immobilized enzymes were discussed. The continuous production of CD by an immobilized enzyme system was also reported. The optimal conditions for using immobilized α-amylase and glucoamylase simultaneously were 40°C and pH 4.5 adjusted by 1 mol dm^?3 HCl/NaOH. A 70% yield of CD could be obtained from 1% (w/v) of liquefied starch under continuous operation at 0.055 h^?1 space velocity, and almost all the oligosaccharides (β 98%) were converted to glucose. In this study, the separation of α-CD, γ-CD and glucose, using organic solvent from the final product after precipitating β-CD, was also investigated.     

Telon类染料系统染色方法研究

通过对Telon类染料上染尼龙纤维的系统方法研究,制订了Telon类染料染色的最佳工艺参数,从而达到Telon类染料上染锦纶织物的最优化染色效果     

基于CFD考察新型连续结晶罐的性能

运用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟的方法,研究了结晶罐不同功能区(混合区、结晶区)对谷氨酸结晶的影响.考察混合区和结晶区在不同搅拌转速、不同晶体粒径下,结晶罐内晶体颗粒悬浮均匀程度、溢流液与进料液量比例的变化情况.模拟结果表明:结晶罐内2个对搅拌强度不同要求的区间——混合区和结晶区在结晶过程发挥着不同的功能,混合区搅拌...     

The development of a new food

Mycoprotein (trade name Quorn) is a new food developed via a fermentation process by Ranks Hovis McDougall PLC (RHM) after some 20 years of R&D. RHM is now in partnership with ICI for its further development. Mycoprotein has been fully cleared toxicologically and nutritionally and a ‘Certificate of Free Sale’ was given by the UK Government in 1985; it appears that this is the first ever formal Government clearance of a new food. Much of the testing procedure required for food additives or drugs is unsuitable, even impossible, for food, and both the company and the Ministry had a learning curve to follow during the development of an appropriate safety-testing programme. Perception of safety by consumers is also vital to commercial success. Some hundreds of thousands of people have now bought and eaten Quorn products from supermarkets and in restaurants. So far there has not been a single reported case of imagined hazard relating to this totally novel foodstuff.     

基于静电纺丝技术的农药传递体系的制备与性能表征

为获得一种新型高载药量、易分散型农药制剂,基于药物传递理论,以阿维菌素（AVM）为农药模型,以乙基纤维素（EC）为主要农药载体,以卡波姆（CB）为改性材料,利用静电纺纳米纤维载药技术构建一种具有微纳结构的农药传递体系。通过对复配比例、溶解参数及纺丝条件的探索,结果表明：采用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与乙醇以体积比3∶1的混合溶剂对载体材料EC与CB分别进行溶解,EC与CB纺丝液的体积复配比为1∶1时,农药传递体系的载药量可高达35.7%,包封率接近100%,耐光解性大幅提升。并且,该农药传递体系的水分散性非常优异,具有长效释药性。     

A new forecasting method for system marginal prices based on power supply and demand

A new forecasting scheme is presented of short-term system marginal price (SMP) using past data on power supply and demand as well as past cost data. The forecasting of SMP is one of the most significant factors in an electricity market in which power is produced by generators, transmitted by transmission companies, and distributed by suppliers according to new trading agreements. The accurate forecasting of SMP can significantly influence the profit of market participants. In this paper, a new methodology for day-ahead SMP forecasting is proposed using the law of supply and demand on power. The salient feature of the proposed approach is that it exhibits excellent predicting performance in short-term forecasting.     

Experimental study of a new corona-based unipolar aerosol charger

A corona-based unipolar aerosol charger has been constructed, and its performance has been systematically evaluated. The prototype consists of completely separated corona ionization and charging chambers. With this configuration the electrostatic loss of charged particles is eliminated, and particle loss by diffusion and the space charge effect is minimized by the angular injection of the ionizer flow and the rapid exit of charged particles. The charger performance was optimized by varying different operational parameters, i.e., total and ionizer flowrates, and ion concentration. It was found that operation with one corona ionizer gave higher extrinsic charging efficiency than operation with two ionizers. The corona-discharge current has negligible effect on the charging performance. Operating the charger at a total flowrate of 5 lpm, with 1.0 lpm flow in each of the two ionizers, gave the highest extrinsic charging efficiency. Further, the performance of prototype charger was not compromised even at a total flowrate of 10 lpm. The charger provides higher extrinsic charging efficiency than other corona-based unipolar chargers. Extrinsic charge distributions for particles of different sizes were at last measured by the tandem-DMA technique.     

A new experimental method to predict the development of a fire

Among the various methods for predicting the development of a fire in real conditions we have chosen the one which works on a small-scale model. The differences in gas concentrations, available fuel, and convection and heat transfer are recognized and discussed. A small-scale model has been built in which any oxygen concentration, heat flux and air supply can be reproduced simultaneously. The method makes it possible to simulate a good range of conditions, and by controlling these conditions a better knowledge of the geometric reduction which is to be used in the smallscale model can be obtained.     

Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer lens system for PM2.5

The aerodynamic lens system of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was analyzed using the Aerodynamic Lens Calculator. Using this tool, key loss mechanisms were identified, and a new lens design that can extend the transmission of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) was proposed. The new lens was fabricated and experimentally characterized. Test results indicate that this modification to the AMS lens can significantly improve the transmission of large sized particles, successfully achieving a high transmission efficiency up to PM2.5 range.

© 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research