聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜的亲水改性及稳定性能

针对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的疏水问题,采用两亲性聚合物亲水剂对PTFE中空纤维膜进行亲水改性。两亲性聚合物可能通过疏水链与聚四氟乙烯的原纤及节点发生缠结进而固定在PTFE膜上。研究发现,两亲性聚合物在不影响PTFE中空纤维膜结构的基础上成功地覆盖在PTFE中空纤维膜表面。亲水改性聚四氟乙烯膜(M-PTFE)的水通量随压力的增加而增加,在高压(100 kPa)和负压(-20 kPa)长时间的运行条件下也能保持4 674 L/(m²·h)和1 960 L/(m²·h)的数值。两亲性聚合物改性剂在PTFE膜表面的稳定性为改性PTFE膜稳定的大水通量提拱了理论基础,也为PTFE中空纤维膜在水处理领域的应用提供了有利的技术支撑。     

两亲性聚合物沉积法聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜的亲水改性研究

以具有两亲结构的两亲性聚合物脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，通过回旋振荡涂覆法对疏水的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜改性处理制备亲水性聚四氟乙烯膜，在膜表面形成亲水沉积层，并研究了两亲性聚合物浓度、涂覆时间、热处理时间和热处理温度对PTFE中空纤维膜亲水性能的影响。结果表明，两亲性聚合物浓度为5%,涂覆时间2 h,热处理时间和温度分别为16 h和40℃条件下制备的聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜，纯水通量可达2 482 L/(m²·h)。     

可控聚合制备两亲性聚合物及应用研究

两亲性聚合物凭借其独特的结构以及潜在的应用前景,引起了国内外研究者广泛的关注。主要介绍了原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)、氮氧自由基活性聚合法(NMRP)和可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合法(RAFT)合成两亲性聚合物的研究状况,描述了两亲性聚合物在药物控释、膜表面改性、以及固定化酶等方面的应用。     

聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜物理共混法改性研究进展

针对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔膜改性，将PVDF铸膜液加入添加剂进行物理共混是一种简单、有效的方法。文章综述了近年来利用不同添加剂通过物理共混改性PVDF多孔膜的研究进展，归纳了常见的添加剂类型，包括无机添加剂如二氧化硅(SiO₂)、二氧化钛(TiO₂)、氧化锌(ZnO)、碳纳米管(CNT)、氧化石墨烯(GO)等，有机添加剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、两亲性聚合物等。文章指出未来需加强对已有添加剂与PVDF物理共混成膜动力学和热力学研究，优化物理共混改性的制备过程，提高添加剂和膜基体的结合力，以制备高稳定性、性能优异的PVDF改性膜。     

共混改性法对有机分离膜影响进展

有机聚合物如聚砜类、聚偏氟乙烯类、醋酸纤维素类、聚烯烃类等具有优良特性,是重要的膜材料。然而,膜污染问题限制了膜的应用。共混改性法操作简单,改性和成膜同时进行,效果稳定,通过共混改性法对有机聚合物膜进行膜改性可以有效降低膜污染。一方面通过共混亲水性聚合物、两亲性聚合物、两性离子聚合物对有机聚合物膜进行膜改性,制备改性膜的防污性和渗透性等性能均有不同程度的提升;另一方面,共混如TiO₂、SiO₂、碳纳米管（CNTs）、Al₂O₃、氧化石墨烯（GO）和ZrO₂等无机纳米粒子也可以制备高性能分离膜。本文从以上两方面综述了共混改性法的研究进展和存在的问题,并指出了通过共混改性提升膜的抗污染等性能是今后主要的发展趋势。     

高分子分离膜材料亲水改性及对膜性能的影响

介绍了高分子分离膜材料的亲水改性中常用的化学改性和物理改性方法。化学改性可以通过膜材料化学改性和膜表面化学改性来实现 ;物理改性即高分子膜材料的物理共混也可以改善膜材料的亲水性能。同时介绍了膜材料共混改性对膜性能的影响。     

高性能外墙乳胶涂料颜填料及其表面改性

从涂料的结构与组成入手,分析了国内乳胶涂料存在的问题,提出乳胶涂料的性能主要取决于涂膜结构,特别是界面结构.此外,对高性能外墙乳胶涂料用颜填料选择及其表面改性进行研究.结果表明,用两亲性高分子改性颜填料在乳液中的分散性良好,与聚合物界面粘结强.     

高性能外墙乳胶涂料颜填料及其表面改性

从涂料的结构与组成入手,分析了国内乳胶涂料存在的问题,提出乳胶涂料的性能主要取决于涂膜结构,特别是界面结构。此外,对高性能外墙乳胶涂料用颜填料选择及其表面改性进行研究。结果表明,用两亲性高分子改性颜填料在乳液中的分散性良好,与聚合物界面粘结强。     

水处理用聚醚砜膜的亲水改性方法研究进展

聚醚砜（PES）膜是一类综合性能优良的高分子聚合物膜材料,在水处理方面有着广泛的应用。然而由于本身的疏水亲油性,使PES膜在水中容易受到污染,造成膜渗透性能下降、使用寿命缩短。为增强其抗污染性能,可以对其进行亲水改性。本文介绍了3种常见的亲水改性方法,分别为表面涂覆改性法、表面接枝改性法和共混改性法。其中,共混改性法因改性效果显著、简单方便等,在水处理方面的应用最具优势。希望此文为聚醚砜膜的进一步改性研究提供参考。     

超热氢交联技术对聚氯代对二甲苯膜表面润湿性的影响

为了解决聚氯代对二甲苯膜(PC膜)表面润湿性较差的问题,采用一种新的表面改性方法即超热氢交联技术(HHIC),引发亲水性高分子聚丙烯酸(PAA)在PC膜表面的接枝反应,从而提高其表面润湿性。实验采用接触角测试仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见光分光光度计对HHIC改性前后薄膜的润湿性、表面化学结构、表面物理形貌、薄膜透光率的变化进行了表征。结果表明,HHIC改性能够在PC薄膜表面有效地接枝具有极性官能团的PAA分子,导致改性后PC膜表面的接触角由最初的84°下降到23°。除此之外,改性后PC膜的透光率并没有明显下降,表明HHIC改性没有对PC膜本体造成物理性的破坏。     

阻抗蛋白质吸附材料研究进展

蛋白质是两亲大分子,对材料表面具有亲和性,易被吸附并污染材料。阻抗蛋白质吸附的无污染表面在生物医药、船体涂层、生物芯片等领域具有广泛重要的应用。本文对聚合物材料表面阻抗蛋白质吸附的机理进行了归纳,介绍了阻抗蛋白质吸附的材料制备及表面修饰的相关研究进展。     

Chemical modification of polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes: A review

Polysulfone (PS) and poly(ether)sulfone (PES) are often used for synthesis of nanofiltration membranes, due to their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability. The disadvantage for applying PS/PES is their high hydrophobicity, which increases membrane fouling. To optimize the performance of PS/PES nanofiltration membranes, membranes can be modified. An increase in membrane hydrophilicity is a good method to improve membrane performance. This article reviews chemical (and physicochemical) modification methods applied to increase the hydrophilicity of PS/PES nanofiltration membranes. Modification of poly(ether)sulfone membranes in view of increasing hydrophilicity can be carried out in several ways. Physical or chemical membrane modification processes after formation of the membrane create more hydrophilic surfaces. Such modification processes are (1) graft polymerization that chemically attaches hydrophilic monomers to the membrane surface; (2) plasma treatment, that introduces different functional groups to the membrane surface; and (3) physical preadsorption of hydrophilic components to the membrane surface. Surfactant modification, self‐assembly of hydrophilic nanoparticles and membrane nitrification are also such membrane modification processes. Another approach is based on modification of polymers before membrane formation. This bulk modification implies the modification of membrane materials before membrane synthesis of the incorporation of hydrophilic additives in the membrane matrix during membrane synthesis. Sulfonation, carboxylation, and nitration are such techniques. To conclude, polymer blending also results in membranes with improved surface characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Fabrication of fluorinated polymer nanosheets using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique: characterization of their surface properties and applications

This review describes the bottom‐up design of ultra‐thin fluorinated polymer films. Fluorinated polymer assemblies offer unique and application‐oriented properties strongly correlated with surface chemistry. We focus on our recent topic of research, fluorinated polymer nanosheets, which are ultra‐thin polymer films fabricated from amphiphilic fluorinated polyalkylacrylamides using the elegant Langmuir–Blodgett technique. These fluorinated polymer nanosheets have excellent hydrophobicity, extremely low surface energy and a low friction coefficient. Therefore, fluorinated polymer nanosheets are attractive nanomaterials for surface modification in terms of tailoring of wettability, frictional properties, adhesion and surface chemistry. The nanocoating technique using reactive fluorinated polymer nanosheets and surface modification of hard disks and microchannels are also reviewed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚乳酸的改性及应用进展

综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的改性进展。改性方法分为化学改性和物理改性。化学改性包括共聚、交联、表面修饰等，主要是通过改变聚合物大分子或表面结构改善其脆性、疏水性及降解速率等；物理改性主要是通过共混、增塑及纤维复合等方法实现对聚乳酸的改进。     

改性PVDF膜抗污染性进展探究

聚偏氟乙烯以其优异的力学性质和化学性质在膜分离技术中被广泛应用,其表面的极强疏水性,导致在水处理过程中极易受到污染且恢复率很低。所以膜的改善亲水性具有十分重要的意义。根据不同的改性粒子分类,结合主要的改性方法,将国内外近几年对PVDF改性效果较好的纳米粒子和两亲性共聚物进行综述和性能对比,着重从渗透性和抗污性比较了各种粒子的改性效果。最后对PVDF膜亲水性改善进行总结和展望。     

Recent Advances in Amphiphilic Polymers as the Stabilizers of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit high catalytic activity as catalysts and have potential applications in biomedicine. To prevent the aggregation of colloidal AuNPs, the stabilizers including organic small molecules, organic ligands, inorganic ligands, and polymers, are necessary to be added in the synthesis of colloidal AuNPs. Among these stabilizers, amphiphilic polymers have attracted significant attention from scientists in the development of polymerization and modification methods. To date, numerous efforts are employed to develop amphiphilic polymers as the stabilizers of colloidal AuNPs but are not well‐summarized yet. In this review, four parts (amphiphilic linear polymers, amphiphilic graft polymers, amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers, and amphiphilic dendrimers) according to the polymer architectures will be discussed. Comprehensive understanding of amphiphilic polymers that are used for stabilizing colloidal AuNPs is provided.     

Plasma-modified polyethylene membrane as a separator for lithium-ion polymer battery

The surface of polyethylene (PE) membranes as a separator for lithium-ion polymer battery was modified with acrylonitrile (AN) using the plasma technology. The plasma-induced acrylonitrile coated PE (PiAN-PE) membrane was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement. The electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion polymer cell fabricated with the PE and the PiAN-PE membranes were also analyzed. The surface characterization demonstrates that the enhanced adhesion of the PiAN-PE membrane resulted from the increased polar component of surface energy for the PiAN-PE membrane. The presence of the PiAN induced onto the surface of the membrane via the plasma modification plays a critical role in improving the wettability and electrolyte retention, the interfacial adhesion between the electrodes and the separator, the cycle performance of the resulting lithium-ion polymer cell assembly. The PiAN-PE membrane modified by the plasma treatment holds a great potential to be used as a high-performance and cost-effective separator for lithium-ion polymer battery.     

用含两亲高分子的乳液膜体系迁移痕量Cd2+

将两亲高分子聚 (丙烯酸—甲基丙烯酸十二酯 )作为膜稳定剂加到由Span 80、煤油、液体石蜡和水等组成的W /O型乳液膜中 ,研究了此液膜对痕量Cd2 + 的迁移作用。结果表明 ,由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cd2 + 具有较高的迁移效率