二茂铁基罗丹明B荧光探针的合成及其对Hg~(2+)的识别研究

以二茂铁甲酸和氨基硫脲环化反应得到2-氨基-5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑,再与罗丹明B酰氯胺化得到二茂铁基罗丹明B衍生物R,采用~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及ESI-MS对其结构进行了验证。研究结果表明,化合物R作为荧光探针能选择性地识别Hg~(2+),且受常见金属离子的干扰较小。探针R的荧光强度与Hg~(2+)浓度(5×10~(-7)~2.5×10~(-6)mol/L)呈良好的线性关系,并在Hela活细胞中实现了Hg~(2+)的成像。     

一种基于水溶性半菁染料的Hg~(2+)识别探针

合成并表征了一种半菁染料Hcy-Np,采用荧光发射光谱,在4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)(pH值=7.40)水溶液中,研究了Hcy-Np作为检测探针对Hg~(2+)的识别能力。结果表明,在1.0×10~(-5)mol/L的Hcy-Np溶液中Hg~(2+)浓度达到2.0×10~(-4)mol/L后,荧光强度增强89.5倍,继续增加Hg~(2+)浓度,荧光增强不明显。与Hg~(2+)作用后的荧光发射强度不受其它常见阳离子的干扰,该探针对Hg~(2+)具有高选择性和灵敏性。     

5-苯基-2-邻甲苯-2H-1,2,3-三氮唑-4-羧酸乙酯的结构性质及其罗丹明衍生物检测汞离子

应用计算化学的方法研究了5-苯基-2-邻甲苯-2H-1,2,3-三氮唑-4-羧酸乙酯(EPTC)的结构及理论光谱,并与实验测定结果相比较;再将EPTC与罗丹明B合成了新化合物REPTC,采用紫外吸收和荧光光谱法测定了REPTC与16种金属离子的相互作用。实验结果表明:在pH 7.4的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)-水溶液中,REPTC在2.33×10~(-5)～4.00×10~(-5) mol/L的浓度范围内,仅对Hg~(2+)有高选择性的响应,表现为在577 nm处出现一个新的发射峰且强度显著增大,同时肉眼可观察到明显的颜色变化。结合电喷雾质谱及理论计算表明:Hg~(2+)的存在使得REPTC分子中罗丹明的螺环结构从闭环转为开环,可与Hg~(2+)形成物质的量比为1∶2的新配合物。荧光成像实验表明:REPTC可成功标记HeLa细胞中的Hg~(2+),进而可开发用于生物体系中Hg~(2+)的测定。     

Hg2+探针的合成、光谱性能及生物应用研究

设计合成并表征了一种罗丹明类Hg~(2+)探针,对其识别性能进行了研究。检测了探针的紫外吸收光谱及荧光发射光谱,结果表明探针对Hg~(2+)具有较好选择性和灵敏度。探针与Hg~(2+)结合后,观察到吸光度、荧光信号及溶液颜色都发生改变。通过Job′s曲线研究发现Hg~(2+)和探针配合的计量比为1∶1。理论计算表明,探针结构中的S原子和羰基O原子与Hg~(2+)进行配位,诱导内酰胺环打开。将10μmol/L的探针作用于细胞时,存活率约为90%。10μmol/L探针在细胞中几乎无荧光,与Hg~(2+)孵育后可观察到细胞内的荧光明显增强,探针具有很好的细胞膜通透性。在小鼠腹腔内注射探针(400μL×400μmol/L),拍照未发现荧光,在同一位置注射Hg~(2+)后,捕获到明显荧光信号。结果表明,探针具有优良的性能,在生物体染色和标记以及疾病的早期诊断方面都具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于二苯甲酮的Schiff碱Fe~(3+)荧光分子探针

以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)和邻苯二胺为原料合成了Schiff碱荧光分子探针(L),采用FTIR、1HNMR和MS对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:在V(乙醇)∶V(4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸)=95∶5(p H=7.2)缓冲溶液中,L能够通过on-off荧光响应选择性识别Fe~(3+),且几乎不受其他金属离子(Hg~(2+)、Ag+、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ba~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Mn~(2+)、Li+、Cr~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K+、Na+)的干扰。在Fe~(3+)浓度为0~7.0×10-5mol/L时,溶液荧光强度与Fe~(3+)浓度呈现良好的线性关系。L对Fe~(3+)检出限为1.94×10-7mol/L,二者的络合常数为2.026×104(mol/L)-1。     

新型喹啉类Zn2+探针的合成及细胞成像研究

以2-甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉为原料,与苯肼进行缩合反应合成了荧光分子探针HSZn,采用FTIR、NMR、HRMS对其结构进行了表征。紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱分析结果表明:该探针在水相中对Zn~(2+)具有较好的荧光增强效应,而其他金属离子对其干扰较小;HSZn的荧光强度与Zn~(2+)浓度(1.0×10–5~1.0×10–4 mol/L)具有良好的线性关系,检测限低至4.0×10–8 mol/L;Job’s曲线和LC-MS分析表明:Zn~(2+)与HSZn的络合比为1∶2,且探针在pH=5~13内对Zn~(2+)都有较灵敏的荧光响应。细胞成像实验表明:该探针可在Hela活细胞中实现对Zn~(2+)的荧光成像。     

基于罗丹明B的Cu~(2+)选择性荧光探针的合成与表征

设计合成了一种基于罗丹明B为发光团的高选择性荧光探针。相对于其他常见金属离子,该探针对Cu~(2+)具有较好的选择性和灵敏度。优化实验条件,在乙醇-水溶液(V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶1,p H 7.3,50 mmol/L HEPES)测试介质中,探针对浓度在2.0×10~(-6)~7.0×10~(-6)mol/L范围内的Cu~(2+)呈现良好的线性响应,检出限为6.7×10~(-7)mol/L。Job's plot实验表明,探针与Cu~(2+)以1∶1结合。可逆实验表明,探针与Cu~(2+)的配合是可逆的,其识别原理为Cu~(2+)的加入导致探针P罗丹明内酯结构开环而发射出强的荧光。     

罗丹明B衍生物荧光探针的合成及其对Fe3 的检测

以罗丹明B与苯胺为原料,经过缩合反应制得一种罗丹明B衍生物的荧光探针F-1[3',6'-二(二乙基氨基)-2-苯基螺[异吲哚-3,9'-氧杂蒽]-1-酮],其结构通过1HNMR、13CNMR、红外光谱和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行确证。Fe~(3+)加入探针体系后,体系颜色由无色变为紫色,荧光显著增强,而不受其他金属离子(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ag+、Pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Fe~(2+))干扰。通过测定探针化合物F-1的离子选择性、离子竞争性、浓度梯度、Job’s曲线和pH对探针分子荧光强度的影响,发现在p H=5～7的环境中,Fe~(3+)浓度在2.0×10~(–6)～1.8×10~(–5) mol/L时,探针F-1对其检测呈较好的线性关系,其具备定性、定量检测生物机体或者环境中痕量Fe~(3+)的潜力。     

Al~(3+)荧光探针的合成及识别性能研究

以2-羟基-1-萘甲醛和邻苯二胺为原料,通过席夫碱反应合成了一个Al~(3+)荧光探针。采用紫外-可见和荧光光谱法研究了探针在乙腈溶液中对金属离子的识别能力。实验结果表明,该探针在乙腈及其水溶液中可以有效、快速地检测Al~(3+)。通过荧光滴定曲线、Job's曲线和Benesi-Hildebrand曲线,得出探针分子与Al~(3+)的配合比和配合常数分别为2∶1和2.65×10~5,并测得Al~(3+)的最低检出限为1.85×10~(-8)mol/L。     

铁离子荧光探针的合成及光谱性能

以乙二醛和罗丹明B酰肼为原料,经缩合反应合成荧光分子探针3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮,并通过红外、核磁、质谱进行表征。通过紫外-可见光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮在缓冲液(V(CH3CN)∶V(Tris-HCl)=1∶1,p H 7.15)中对金属离子的识别能力。实验结果表明,该荧光探针在水溶液中对Fe~(3+)有高灵敏、高选择的光学响应。Fe3+诱导3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮的螺环开环,引起溶液的荧光强度和吸光度都大幅度增强。当Fe~(3+)浓度在3.50×10~(-6)~3.00×10~(-5)mol/L范围内,与相对荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为4.60×10~(-8)mol/L。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。