稠油污水回用热采锅炉的中试研究

对新疆油田六九区稠油污水回用于热采锅炉进行了现场中试研究,确定了工艺流程和设计参数,并对除油、除悬浮物、除硅、软化、除氧工艺的选择,运行成本及经济效益进行了分析讨论.结果表明,采用以旋流反应净化工艺为主,结合沉降、过滤、离子交换及除氧的技术路线对稠油污水进行处理,处理后水质达到热采锅炉给水水质标准.该技术应用于油田具有明显的经济效益和环境效益.     

百口泉区块稠油污水回用处理工艺设计

随着近几年油田开发的持续进行,百口泉采油厂采出液含水率迅速上升,产出大量的稠油污水。而百口泉采油厂主要采用蒸汽吞吐进行稠油开采,这就需要大量的清水作为气源。因此,采用合适的处理工艺对稠油污水进行深度处理后回用热采锅炉,不仅可解决排放污染的问题,还可以节约大量的淡水资源,同时能充分利用污水的热能。本文采用除油-絮凝、除硅-过滤-软化-除氧工艺对百口泉稠油污水进行了处理,使处理后水达到了热采锅炉进水水质标准。     

稠油污水回用于热采锅炉工艺技术

国内部分油田稠油污水回用于热采锅炉和达标外排等方面作了大量的研究工作和现场应用,部分污水处理装置已投入运行。各个油田或区块稠油污水水质水量变化大、油水密度差不同、乳化严重情况不一样等难点,但要回用于热采锅炉就必须要满足以下工艺技术要求。     

稠油污水回用于热采锅炉中试研究

对胜利油田陈庄稠油污水回用于热采锅炉进行了现场中试研究,确定了工艺流程和设计参数,并对除油、除SS、脱盐等工艺进行了分析讨论。结果表明,采用以生物除油为基础,结合沉淀、絮凝、过滤、超滤、反渗透脱盐的技术路线对稠油污水进行处理,处理后出水水质达到热采锅炉给水水质标准的要求。将该项技术应用于油田污水资源化利用,可取得明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

污水余热在稠油联合站的应用

辽河油田属于典型的稠油油田,采用传统的蒸汽吞吐、电加热工艺等采油工艺,采出的原油混液在联合站进行油水分离过程中会产生大量含油污水,这些含油污水往往温度很高。例如高升采油厂采油作业二区含油污水可以达到60-63℃。由此可见,油田污水的余热回收潜力巨大。通过利用处理合格的高温污水洗井和污水为卸油槽伴热将污水热能回收来降低联合站能耗,很好地解决稠油油田天然气消耗较多的问题。     

干空气能制冷系统柱塞泵及锅炉房的冷却技术研究

新疆风城油田热采规模的不断扩大,油田采出液带来的大量高温工业污水经过处理已广泛用于油田注汽锅炉,但随着稠油热采的发展,回用的净化污水温度在逐年升高,已从最初的60℃升高至目前的90℃左右,后续还将升高至130℃,由于净化污水温度的升高、矿化度高、高悬浮物和偶尔出现的含油量高等特点,导致现场运行参数发生变化,对生产造成了很多问题。本研究采用的干空气能制冷系统可以经济有效的解决油田注水柱塞泵与锅炉房的温度过高问题,从而保证油田净化污水地下回注工艺的顺利实施。     

采油污水处理技术分析

目前国内大多数油田基本采用注水开发方式,随着油田进入高含水后期,采出水量也大幅增长。而油田采出水中不可避免地产生一些含油污水,从环境保护和节约资源考虑,如何经济、有效地处理含油污水是目前油田可持续发展的关键。产液量不断增加,产出的污水也大量增加,污水水质不能达到回收利用的指标,因此含油污水处理后回用于注水开发是非常必要的。针对含油污水的特点及油田生产对注水水质的要求,根据注水地层的地质特性,确定处理深度标准、选择净化采用更先进的污水处理工艺及设备,使污水水质达到了回收再利用的指标,能够有较大的经济效益,同时也有较好的环境保护效果。     

水解酸化-接触氧化工艺处理稠油污水

稠油污水因油水密度差小、黏度高、成分复杂等,处理难度大,是目前油田污水处理中的难题.应用水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理国内某油田稠油(油密度0.86～0.97 g/L)污水,实现了3 000 m3/d的稠水污水达标排放.工程运行-年的结果表明,该技术具有抗冲击能力强、污泥产生量少、处理效果稳定的优点,出水水质达到国家二级污水排放标准(GB 8978-1996),大部分水质指标达到国家一级污水排放标准要求.     

吉林油田稠油热采污水处理絮凝剂室内试验研究

针对吉林油田稠油热采污水中的油含量高和悬浮质含量高,采用絮凝法处理稠油热采污水,并进行高效絮凝剂的筛选.在对含油污水成分分析的基础上,采用烧杯实验和分光光度法研究了絮凝剂的絮凝效果.筛选出了以无机絮凝剂硫酸铝与两性高分子聚合物CE-3090的复配体系,同时研究了影响絮凝效果的因素并探究了其影响机理.结果表明,在温度40℃,pH值7.72,170 r/min高速搅拌1 min,然后50 r/min低速搅拌5 min,硫酸铝的加量90 mg/L,CE-3090的加量0.5 mg/L,絮凝沉降30min后其絮凝效果较好.试验证明该复配处理剂处理含油污水后,含油量和杂质含量都达到了回注回用及排放标准.     

稠油废水回用热采锅炉供水工艺与工程实践

总结了稠油废水的来源和特性,针对稠油废水出路,阐述稠油废水回用热采锅炉供水的意义.评介稠油废水进出水水质、工艺流程、回用工艺认识,阐述缓冲调节、混凝沉降、溶气浮选、吸附除硅、粗精过滤、弱酸软化、污泥脱水等各单元处理工艺的应用现状、工艺特点、选择经验、发展趋势,并简述工程实践概况.提出存在的主要技术难题和解决对策,为回用工艺的进一步发展完善提供借鉴.     

油田回注水处理技术及其发展趋势

目前国内油田采出水处理工艺仍以沉降、隔油和过滤为主,各油田水质条件不同,处理工艺也不尽相同。介绍了常规油田采出水、稠油采出水和含聚合物驱采出水的处理技术,应用流程,并对膜处理技术和三次采出水破乳除油技术进行了探讨。指出三次采油技术的推广,油田采出水处理难度越来越大,传统处理工艺已不能满足回注要求,新技术、新产品亟待开发。     

A review on the application of nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been widely used to recover residual oil after the primary or secondary oil recovery processes. Compared to conventional methods, chemical EOR has demonstrated high oil recovery and low operational costs. Nanofluids have received extensive attention owing to their advantages of low cost, high oil recovery, and wide applicability. In recent years, nanofluids have been widely used in EOR processes. Moreover, several studies have focused on the role of nanofluids in the nanofluid EOR (N-EOR) process. However, the mechanisms related to N-EOR are unclear, and several of the mechanisms established are chaotic and contradictory. This review was conducted by considering heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics; nanofluid-assisted EOR methods; multiscale, multiphase pore/core displacement experiments; and multiphase flow fluid-solid coupling simulations. Nanofluids can alter the wettability of minerals (particle/surface micromechanics), oil/water interfacial tension (heavy oil molecules/water micromechanics), and structural disjoining pressure (heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics). They can also cause viscosity reduction (micromechanics of heavy oil molecules). Nanofoam technology, nanoemulsion technology, and injected fluids were used during the EOR process. The mechanism of N-EOR is based on the nanoparticle adsorption effect. Nanoparticles can be adsorbed on mineral surfaces and alter the wettability of minerals from oil-wet to water-wet conditions. Nanoparticles can also be adsorbed on the oil/water surface, which alters the oil/water interfacial tension, resulting in the formation of emulsions. Asphaltenes are also adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles, which reduces the asphaltene content in heavy oil, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of oil, which helps in oil recovery. In previous studies, most researchers only focused on the results, and the nanoparticle adsorption properties have been ignored. This review presents the relationship between the adsorption properties of nanoparticles and the N-EOR mechanisms. The nanofluid behaviour during a multiphase core displacement process is also discussed, and the corresponding simulation is analysed. Finally, potential mechanisms and future directions of N-EOR are proposed. The findings of this study can further the understanding of N-EOR mechanisms from the perspective of heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics, as well as clarify the role of nanofluids in multiphase core displacement experiments and simulations. This review also presents limitations and bottlenecks, guiding researchers to develop methods to synthesise novel nanoparticles and conduct further research.     

Improved ethylene and LPG recovery through dephlegmator technology

High efficiency cryogenic processes using dephlegmators have been developed for the recovery of ethylene and heavier components from gases produced in refinery and petrochemical operations. These are characterized by high hydrocarbon recovery, low energy consumption, simplicity of operation, and modest capital investment. This paper discusses principles, arrangement, and benefits of some important dephlegmator cycles. Economics for one application are presented.Dephlegmators are specially designed brazed aluminium core heat exchangers in which liquid condensed from the rising feed vapour flows back as reflux. Superior vapour and liquid product purities and recoveries follow from the action of the reflux on the vapour. The use of dephlegmators in commercial cryogenic plants has become possible through advances in understanding of the interacting heat, mass and momentum transfer processes which govern their performance.     

油页岩干馏的冷凝回收系统研究现状与发展趋势

随着世界石油需求量不断上升,页岩油作为石油替代资源越来越受到重视,其中油页岩干馏技术中的冷凝回收系统直接影响产品的质量、能耗和环保问题,是干馏技术中的重要环节。本文介绍了几种国内外已应用的页岩油冷凝回收水洗和油洗工艺。水洗工艺主要介绍了抚顺炉工艺,茂名流化干馏炉工艺,Petrosix炉工艺和Lurgi炉工艺。油洗工艺主要介绍了Galoter炉工艺和ToscoⅡ法油洗工艺。对上述两种工艺从装置和工艺先进性进行对比得到如下结论：水洗工艺成熟,但存在工艺落后、能耗大、循环水量大等缺点。油洗工艺先进,能有效回收高温荒煤气的热量,但目前国内该方面的技术还不成熟,需要深入研究。     

硫回收尾气处理工艺分析与选择

简述了硫回收尾气处理工艺的发展概况和技术进展,介绍了国内应用较多的几种尾气处理工艺:SCOT工艺、超级Claus工艺、RAR工艺、SSR工艺和氨法工艺;并对氨法工艺的3种方案进行了详细对比分析;通过对比可知,在有锅炉烟气氨法脱硫装置作依托的前提下,氨法工艺的方案三具有投资省、操作费用低、占地面积小的优势。     

Solvent recovery in solvent deasphalting process for economical vacuum residue upgrading

The solvent deasphalting (SDA) process is a heavy oil upgrading process and used to separate asphaltene, the heaviest and most polar fraction of vacuum residue (VR) of heavy oil, by using density differences, to obtain deasphalted oil (DAO). The SDA process consists of two main stages: asphaltene separation and solvent recovery. Solvent recovery is a key procedure for determining the operating cost of the SDA process, because it uses a considerable amount of costly solvent, the recovery of which consumes huge amounts of energy. In this study, the SDA process was numerically simulated by using three different solvents, propane, n-butane, and isobutane, to examine their effect on the DAO extraction and the effect of the operating temperature and pressure on solvent recovery. The process was designed to contain one extractor, two flash drums, and two steam strippers. The VR was characterized by identifying 15 pseudo-components based on the boiling point distribution, obtained by performing a SIMDIS analysis, and the API gravity of the components. When n-butane was used, the yield of DAO was higher than in the other cases, whereas isobutane showed a similar extraction performance as propane. Solvent recovery was found to increase with temperature and decrease with pressure for all the solvents that were tested and the best results were obtained for propane.     

大庆油田采出水处理工艺及技术

针对大庆油田目前已经形成的高含水后期油田采出水处理工艺、低渗透油田采出水处理工艺、聚合物驱油田采出水处理工艺、三元复合驱油田采出水处理工艺,论述了目前采出水处理工艺所面临的问题．针对这些问题,从提高沉降分离效率、改善过滤效果和反冲洗质量等方面提出了多项技术措施．从而达到了提高已建油田采出水处理设施的效率的目的,满足了油藏开发生产的需要。     

城市污水有机物回收——捕获技术研究进展

当今的城市污水处理系统中,有机物去除过程的高额能耗和碳排放问题逐渐被重视。随之,兼具环境意义和经济效益的有机物回收理念日益受到关注。而将污水中的有机物富集或浓缩到易利用的浓度,也即污水碳捕获,是影响其回收技术经济性的关键。大众熟知的水处理工艺,如膜分离、高负荷活性污泥法、絮凝等,凭借着高的有机物保留特性而被重新认识。本文根据这些工艺在捕获过程中有机物的转移方向,将它们归类为“转移聚集”（主要是高负荷活性污泥法、絮凝）和“被动富集”（主要是膜分离）两大类进行讨论。在介绍它们各自捕获机制、捕获率、研究进展的基础上,讨论进一步提升捕获率的途径及其在规模化应用中需要克服的问题。随后本文综述了捕获产物的能源化与产品化途径,并认为根据其性质选择合适的预处理是提升资源化程度的关键。最后围绕碳捕获工艺的成熟度、能耗及运行费用,讨论了生活污水资源化工艺流程的构建。