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我国工业固体废物资源化战略研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文针对我国工业固体废物产生量大、综合利用不足的突出问题,研究了我国资源开发、工业活动与工业固体废物产生的客观规律,以及未来发展趋势和资源化利用潜力。针对我国在工业固体废物资源化管理模式、法制体系建设、经济调节措施、技术及产业市场等方面存在的突出问题,结合我国生态文明建设中关于环境保护和资源循环利用的总体要求,提出了应将工业固体废物资源化战略作为我国资源、环境战略重要补充的总体战略目标,并提出了未来的发展路线图、阶段目标及重点任务。 相似文献
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通过“无废城市”试点推动固体废物资源化利用,建设“无废社会”战略初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国固体废物产生量大,如不进行妥善处理和利用,将对环境造成严重污染,对资源造成极大浪费,对社会造成恶劣影响。而固体废物是放错位置的资源,如能将其减量化、资源化,建设"无废社会",必将带来显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。本文通过分析我国建设"无废社会"的重大意义和存在的问题,结合可行性论证,提出要通过"无废城市"试点推动固体废物的资源化利用,逐步建设"无废社会",并从加强顶层设计、夯实基础、明确阶段目标、加大政策支持力度等方面提出了战略建议。 相似文献
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《中国工程科学》2019,(5)
固体废物的减量化和资源化利用水平是国家进步和现代化水平的标志。我国在长期生产和生活中产生的巨量固体废物还没有得到很好解决,且固体废物年产生量有逐年增长态势。本文丰富了"无废社会"的概念和内涵,认为"无废社会"不是全社会固体废物产生量为零,而是固体废物高度资源化利用。其内涵为:以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念为指导,通过推动形成绿色循环发展方式和生活方式,最大限度推进固体废物源头减量、资源化利用和无害化处理的社会发展模式。本文还进一步明确了"无废社会"的边界和范围,描绘了"无废社会"特征,提出了从"无废城市"走向"无废社会"的总体思路和方向。最后从充分协作、加强监管;倡导勤俭节约的生活理念;加强国际交流与互动,积极参与全球环境治理体系建设等方面提出了政策措施建议。 相似文献
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生态文明建设若干战略问题研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“生态文明建设若干战略问题研究 《中国工程科学》2017,19(4):1-5
为全面深刻地研究我国生态文明建设的状况,围绕党和国家对生态文明建设的新要求,本文从绿色环境、绿色生产、绿色生活、绿色治理四个方面对全国337个地级及以上城市的生态文明状况进行评估,结果表明我国生态文明发展整体水平不容乐观;针对资源环境承载力与经济社会发展布局、固体废物分类资源化利用、农业发展方式转变与美丽乡村建设三个重点领域,进行了深入分析,提出了相应的发展战略与任务,可为国家生态文明建设的宏观决策提供支撑。 相似文献
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污水厂在处理污水的同时会产生大量的剩余污泥,未经稳定处理的污泥将对环境产生严重的二次污染。根据世界各国污泥处理技术发展的趋势和我国相关政策的导向,污泥资源化是未来污泥处理的主流。文中介绍了国内外污泥资源化技术的发展近况,对现有的污泥资源化技术进行了分类,以期为今后污泥的资源化利用与污染防治提供借鉴。 相似文献
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传统的城市建设和运行往往会产生大量废物,如不进行妥善处理,将对环境、资源和社会造成不利影响,而建设"无废社会"可实现能源、环境、经济和社会的共赢。"无废社会"是社会进步程度的重要标志,也是社会进步必然达到的目标。雄安新区建设是千年大计、国家大事,本文提出要率先以"无废"理念规划和开发雄安新区,打造典范和标杆,为全面建设"无废社会"打下基础。本文在分析了建设"无废雄安新区"重大意义的基础上,从优化能源和产业布局、构建固体废物分类资源化利用体系和建立社会治理制度等方面提出了建设思路,并对建设"无废雄安新区"提出了几点战略建议。 相似文献
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《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2018,113(9):1488-1506
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method. 相似文献
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Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production ex-factory inspection trade 《中国标准化(英文版)》2008,25(1):24-25
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.…… 相似文献
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A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa. 相似文献
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Steffen Müller-Probandt 《材料科学与工程:中英文B版...》2018,(4):161-177
We associate a variety of innovations with the term "Industry 4.0". The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di... 相似文献
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On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.…… 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß. 相似文献
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Janet Lang 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2017,32(7-8):857-866
ABSTRACTThe production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them. 相似文献
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C. Qihong W. Zhan‐Wen J. Yi J. Yehua L. Fei F. Hanguang 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2014,45(7):582-590
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill. 相似文献
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Dimiter Hadjistamov 《材料科学与工程:中英文B版...》2019,(2):56-65
The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ... 相似文献