基于信息偏好的影响最大化算法研究

实证研究表明,社会个体对于不同主题的信息有着不同的偏好,这对于社会网络中的信息传播过程起着非常重要的作用.影响最大化是社会网络信息传播领域中关于影响结点集挖掘的热点课题.它会从社会网络中寻找最具影响力的结点子集,以这些结点为目标进行影响传播时会获得最大的影响范围.以前关于影响最大化算法研究的大部分工作没有考虑社会个体的信息偏好,这大大降低了结果的准确性.为了提高影响最大化算法的效率和种子集的影响范围,提出一种基于信息偏好的2阶段启发式影响结点挖掘策略L_GAUP:第1阶段,基于网络中各结点对于信息主题的偏好程度,得到易感染结点网络;第2阶段,在易感染网络中,基于贪心策略进行影响结点的挖掘.实验中,在数据集douban上实现了L_GAUP,GAUP和CELF算法.实验结果表明,与基准算法GAUP相比,L_GAUP不仅在影响范围指标ISST和IS上有着更好的表现,在效率上也有大幅度的提高.     

类型相似性与品味影响力的推荐系统评分预测

电影推荐算法依靠计算用户的偏好差异进行推荐,以解决互联网时代的信息过载问题.传统协同过滤等推荐算法主要基于用户间对相同电影的评分差异计算用户偏好的相似性.这类方法忽视了用户的评分行为是一种实际上的选择行为,即便评分不高也体现出用户对该类型电影的兴趣.针对这一问题,本文设计了基于电影类型标签选择概率的用户间相似性计算方法,并建立了以用户为节点,以用户之间的相似性为边的推荐系统的复杂网络模型,并根据上述网络拓扑结构中的节点中心性数据,进一步设计了平衡用户品味影响力函数,调整了用户协同偏好的结果,提出了基于用户偏好相似性和用户品味影响力的电影评分预测方法.在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明,本文提出的算法与几种典型的现有方法相比较,可以有效的度量用户偏好的相似性以及抵消用户大众化品味影响力被高估在评分预测中带来的负面影响,与现有算法相比预测误差平均降低了2%至5%.     

基于用户聚类的社交网络影响力最大化传播模型

本文针对的是社交网络中的影响力最大化问题。在经典线性阈值传播模型基础上,对社交网络中的用户进行聚类分析,并在此基础上提出改善的K-LT传播模型。在K-LT传播模型基础上,进一步提出K-KK影响力最大化算法。通过采集真实社交网络数据,进行试验仿真。试验结果表明,改进的K-KK影响力最大化算法与未改进时相比,算法性能有较好提升。     

基于动态主题模型融合多维数据的微博社区发现算法

随着微博用户的不断增加,微博网络已经成为用户进行信息交流的平台.针对由于博文长度受限,传统的社区发现算法无法有效解决微博网络的稀疏性等问题,提出了DC-DTM算法.DC-DTM算法首先将微博网络映射为有向加权网络,网络中边的方向反映结点之间的关注关系,利用提出的DTM模型计算出结点之间的语义相似度,并将其作为节点间连边的权重.DTM模型是一种微博主题模型,该模型不仅能够挖掘博客的主题分布,而且能计算出某一主题中用户的影响力大小.其次,利用提出的复杂度低的标签传播算法WLPA进行微博网络的社区发现.该算法的初始化阶段将影响力大的用户结点作为初始结点,标签按照结点的影响力从大到小进行传播,克服了传统标签传播算法的逆流现象,提高了标签传播算法的稳定性.在真实数据上的实验表明,DTM模型能很好地对微博进行主题挖掘,DC-DTM算法能够有效地挖掘出微博网络的社区.     

基于用户特征属性的微博话题关键用户挖掘

针对微博话题存在时效性的特征以及用户之间交互行为特征,在经典PageRank算法的基础上,提出基于用户交互的微博用户挖掘算法来有效挖掘推动微博话题流行的关键用户。首先,介绍了微博话题关键用户的定义及其相关特征;其次,由于传统模型未考虑用户交互以及时间属性的影响,所以融合了时间属性以及用户之间交互特征,同时结合微博网络结构提出了MUR算法;最后,将算法与经典PageRank算法和TS算法做了比较。实验结果表明,模型在微博话题用户的时效性、话题推动以及对粉丝的影响力等方面表现较好,证明了模型的合理性和有效性。     

基于项目流行度的协同过滤TopN推荐算法

为了提高推荐系统挖掘用户感兴趣的冷门项目的能力,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法.在传统算法基础上考虑项目流行度的影响,将其作为权重因子引入到相似性计算和推荐过程中,以提高用户相似性计算的可靠性和冷门项目在最终的项目推荐过程中的影响力.典型数据集上的对比实验表明,该算法能够在保持甚至提高推荐准确度的前提下,有效挖掘到用户感兴趣的冷门项目.     

LBSN中融合线上关系和线下行为的好友推荐算法

好友推荐是基于位置的社交网络LBSN(Location-Based Social Networks)的重要服务之一。融合线上关系和线下行为,考虑位置偏好相似性、距离相似性和熟识度三个特征,构建新的好友推荐算法。通过考虑时间因素和排除时间因素两方面计算位置偏好的相似性;通过探究用户与其好友间签到地点在距离上的关系计算距离相似性;使用阶数与路数作为影响好友关系的重要因素计算熟识度;对以上三个特征进行加权并融合用户影响力计算最终推荐分数。利用Gowalla上的数据证明该算法可以有效提高好友推荐的有效性。     

基于模块度和标签传递的推荐算法

针对基于网络信息的商品推荐的问题,提出了在二部网络上基于社区挖掘和标签传递的推荐算法。首先,用带权的二部图来表达用户-项目的评分矩阵,利用标签传递技术对二部网络进行社区挖掘;然后,基于二部网络中的社区结构信息,充分利用用户所在的社区之间的相似性以及项目之间、用户之间的相似性来挖掘用户可能感兴趣的项目;最后,向用户进行项目的推荐。在实际网络上的实验结果表明,与基于双向关联规则项目评分预测的推荐算法（BAR-CF）、基于项目评分预测的推荐算法（IR-CF）、基于网络链接预测的用户偏好预测方法（PLP）和改进的基于用户的协同过滤的方法（MU-CF）相比,该算法的平均绝对差（MAE）低0.1~0.3,准确率高0.2。因此,所提算法可以取得比其他类似方法更高质量的推荐结果。     

基于社区划分的影响力最大化算法

影响力最大化问题是社会网络中的重要研究方向,其主要目的是获取社会网络中最有影响力的用户使通过这些用户获得影响传播范围的最大化。随着大数据时代的来临,传统的贪心算法因为复杂度高而不能有效解决大规模社会网络下影响力最大化的时间问题。提出一种基于社区划分的影响力最大化算法,利用影响概率将大规模社会网络分成较小的社区模块,并考虑社区边界节点之间的联系,从而最大程度缩小因社区划分造成的社区间的孤立。为进一步提高算法效率,在每个社区中以影响路径作为影响评估单元,同时对每个社区并行处理以便更高效地获取有影响力的节点。通过仿真实验验证了算法的可行性和高效性,其可以较好地适应大规模社会网络环境。     

基于模块度和标签传递的推荐算法

针对基于网络信息的商品推荐的问题，提出了在二部网络上基于社区挖掘和标签传递的推荐算法。首先，用带权的二部图来表达用户-项目的评分矩阵，利用标签传递技术对二部网络进行社区挖掘；然后，基于二部网络中的社区结构信息，充分利用用户所在的社区之间的相似性以及项目之间、用户之间的相似性来挖掘用户可能感兴趣的项目；最后，向用户进行项目的推荐。在实际网络上的实验结果表明，与基于双向关联规则项目评分预测的推荐算法（BAR-CF）、基于项目评分预测的推荐算法（IR-CF）、基于网络链接预测的用户偏好预测方法（PLP）和改进的基于用户的协同过滤的方法（MU-CF）相比，该算法的平均绝对差（MAE）低0.1~0.3，准确率高0.2。因此，所提算法可以取得比其他类似方法更高质量的推荐结果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.