纳米纤维素基气凝胶的制备及其吸附性能研究进展

在可持续发展已成为全球各国共识的今天,合理且高效地研发及利用可再生生物质能源成为国内外各大课题组研究的热点及方向。而纳米纤维素作为典型的生物质可再生材料,将其应用到环境治理领域成为再好不过的选择。同时,以纳米纤维素为基体制备的气凝胶作为第三代气凝胶材料,具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、低密度、低介电常数和较高的吸附性等性能,在染料吸附、油污吸附、重金属离子吸附、CO 2气体吸附等吸附领域有着广阔的应用前景。综述了纳米纤维素的制备方法、纳米纤维素基气凝胶的制备工艺及其在吸附领域的应用,探讨了纳米纤维素基气凝胶在研发中存在的问题,展望了纳米纤维素基气凝胶在吸附领域的未来发展方向。     

纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用

目的综述纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用研究。方法总结国内外纳米纤维素在包装领域的最新研究,简述纳米纤维素的制备方法与特性,详细介绍纳米纤维素在生物质薄膜材料、生物质发泡材料、缓释抗菌材料和纸张中的应用研究,以及纳米纤维素功能性材料在包装中的研究进展,并讨论纳米纤维素应用在食品包装中的安全问题。结果纳米纤维素性能优异、绿色环保,作为可降解包装材料的增强成分可以提高复合材料的力学性能和阻隔性能,并可赋予材料特殊的功能。结论纳米纤维素在包装领域有着巨大的应用潜力,利用农作物及其剩余物制备纳米纤维素拥有广阔的发展前景。     

生物质纳米纤维功能化应用研究进展

生物质纳米纤维由植(动)物纤维素拆解、分离得到,拥有精细的纳米结构、丰富的表面活性基团、优异的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和天然的网状结构,在新型功能型材料中应用前景广阔。本文在简要介绍其主要背景研究基础上,综合评述了纳米纤维在绿色储能(锂电池、超级电容器)、柔性纳米器件、可控透光材料、功能型模板材料、新型碳纳米材料、药物缓释与组织培养领域的研究现状。     

木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料的制备及其应用研究进展

木质素是一种最丰富的芳香族天然高分子生物质资源,木质素纳米粒子既具有木质素原本特点,还具有纳米材料的纳米效应等特性,在众多功能材料领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,特别是作为绿色还原剂直接还原金属离子生成木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料,被广泛应用于催化领域等。本文综述了木质素纳米粒子的制备及其在金属离子还原和金属纳米粒子负载的研究进展,重点综述了木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料在不同应用领域的研究进展,最后总结并展望了木质素在金属纳米粒子复合材料制备和应用中面临的机遇和挑战。      

沙生灌木基生物质材料研究进展与发展趋势

沙生灌木是我国西部干旱、半干旱地区丰富的生物质资源，以其抗旱、抗寒、生长快等优点在防风固沙和水土保持方面对生态保护与荒漠化治理具有重要意义。基于此，围绕沙生灌木资源的生物质资源属性，系统总结了近年来沙生灌木资源在木质复合材料、生物质活性炭材料、木质资源液化物和生物质炭材料等领域的研发现状。结果表明，现有丰富的研究成果已充分证实了沙生灌木资源在上述生物质材料领域应用的巨大潜力。然而在纳米纤维素、生物质炭材料等领域尚存在研究成果不够丰富、研发技术不够成熟，相关技术水平不够先进的现实问题。最后，在拓宽沙生灌木资源种类、提升沙生灌木基生物质材料附加值以及加大沙生灌木基生物质材料高附加值关键科学技术转化进程等方面提出了研究展望，旨在为进一步提高沙生灌木资源的高效利用提供科学依据。     

纳米木质素的制备及应用研究现状

随着能源问题和环境问题的突出,木质素作为一种可再生的生物质原料日益受到广泛关注。纳米木质素的开发可为木质素的利用提供一条新途径。文中综述了沉降法、机械法、自组装和逐步加成聚合方法制备纳米木质素的现状,以及纳米木质素在紫外防护和抗菌、纳米填料和生物质基载体方面的应用特性,以期为林木生物质资源的化学深加工及纳米木质素的开发提供借鉴。     

生物质碳点荧光材料在生物医药领域中的应用

荧光材料由于具有特殊的光学性质,在生物医学、生物成像和荧光传感等相关领域有广泛的应用。与传统的荧光剂相比,纳米荧光材料具有稳定性好、荧光强度高等优点。然而,传统的荧光纳米材料通常含有重金属,使其在生物医药领域中的应用受到限制。生物质荧光碳点作为一种新型的荧光碳纳米材料,因具有优异的生物相容性、化学惰性、荧光可调节性,在生物医药、生物传感、荧光成像等多个领域展现出应用潜力。但是,目前生物质碳点应用于生物医药领域的综述文献相对较少。因此,本文总结了不同天然产物制备碳点的绿色合成方法,对碳点的荧光机理进行了分析和归纳,重点阐述了碳点在生物传感、生物成像、药物载体、生物抗菌剂等生物医药领域的应用研究,讨论了存在的问题,并对碳点在该领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

纤维素纳米晶材料研究进展

纤维素纳米晶来源广泛,制备方法简单,是环境友好型的生物高分子材料,同时具有高结晶度、高弹性模量和高强度等优异性能,是一种新型的增强材料。综述纤维素纳米晶的性质、制备方法以及在各领域中的应用,并对今后纤维素纳米晶作为增强材料与生物质材料复合,制备安全无污染材料做出了展望。     

生物质和煤/重质油废弃物炭材料的制备及其能源存储应用进展

本文综述了生物质和废弃物制备炭材料及其在超级电容器、锂离子电池领域应用研究进展.具有天然分级结构的生物质包括海产品和农业废弃物以及煤和重质油的副产物已被广泛应用于制备炭材料的前驱体.本文介绍了多种炭材料包括零维碳量子点、一维炭纤维、二维炭纳米片以及三维炭框架结构的制备进展,并介绍了炭材料孔结构调控方法研究进展,如KOH...     

生物质和煤/重质油废弃物炭材料的制备及其能源存储应用进展（英文）

本文综述了生物质和废弃物制备炭材料及其在超级电容器、锂离子电池领域应用研究进展。具有天然分级结构的生物质包括海产品和农业废弃物以及煤和重质油的副产物已被广泛应用于制备炭材料的前驱体。本文介绍了多种炭材料包括零维碳量子点、一维炭纤维、二维炭纳米片以及三维炭框架结构的制备进展,并介绍了炭材料孔结构调控方法研究进展,如KOH活化法、KOH和自模板活化结合法、自活化法、自模板法以及N, O, P杂原子掺杂和共掺杂法,阐述了炭材料的孔结构和杂原子对其电化学性能的影响。最后介绍了生物质和废弃物炭在合成、结构调控、超级电容器和锂离子电池应用中面临的挑战。     

Electrochemical characterization of core-shell carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles

In this paper we studied the electrochemical behaviour of core-shell carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (CEMNPs). CEMNPs have core diameters between 15 and 35 nm and are comprised of Fe, Fe₃C and NdC₂ nanoparticles encapsulated in crystalline carbon cages. Direct current cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles are stable in electrolyte environments. The graphitic coating perfectly isolates the encapsulated particles from the electrolyte in a wide range of potentials. CEMNP-based electrodes have low resistance (0.43-1.44 Ω cm²) and posses a specific capacity of 10-40 F g^− 1, which depends on the surface area and the crystallinity. It was shown, that CEMNPs are interesting multi-functional materials with a high potential to be used in various electrochemical devices.     

快速热解法制备炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒(英文)

以简单金属前躯体为原料通过快速热解法制备炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒,通过透射电镜、X-射线衍射、热重-示差扫描同步热分析及振动样品磁强计等对产物形貌、结构、成分与磁性能进行表征。结果表明:采用该方法制备的炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒形状为近球形颗粒,粒径均一,其中炭包覆镍纳米磁性颗粒的粒径集中在10nm～30nm范围,炭包覆铁纳米磁性颗粒粒径则在50nm～60nm范围;所制炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒在室温下具有顺磁性,其磁性能随金属颗粒含量的变化而改变。该方法有望发展成一种工艺简单,可进行连续工业化生产炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒的方法。     

贵金属纳米粒子/金属有机骨架复合物的制备与应用进展

贵金属纳米粒子/金属有机骨架复合物因其在催化、传感、气体吸附与存储等诸多领域的应用前景而受到广泛关注.综述了贵金属纳米粒子/金属有机骨架复合物的制备方法及应用进展.对这类复合物的制备方法进行了归纳,并分析了其特点;总结了其在储氢、多相催化等领域的应用,以便更好地了解其应用前景.     

Controlled synthesis of porous particles via aerosol processing and their applications

Aerosol processes such as spray drying and/or spray pyrolysis for the controlled synthesis of porous particles were introduced in this review. Typical experimental setup, general experimental procedure for the preparation of porous particles, as well as key factors affecting the properties of final porous particles, was described. We then discussed the various routes for the controlled synthesis of porous particles: (1) the preparation of self-assembled porous particles with ordered pores by using organic template particles; (2) the preparation of pore size- and porosity-controlled particles from aggregated nanoparticles; (3) the preparation of nanoparticle-laden encapsulated porous particles from graphene nano-sheets and nanoparticles. Finally, we introduced interesting applications of the porous particles such as photocatalysts, drug delivery carriers, and biosensors.     

Multifunctional nanoparticles, nanocages and degradable polymers as a potential novel generation of non-invasive molecular and cellular imaging systems

In recent years, polymeric scaffolds have been used in several biomedical applications for delivery of drugs or other biologically relevant molecules. Polymeric nanostructures display different (and in some cases more powerful) properties respect to bulk materials. This, lead academic researchers and industry to cooperate in developing pioneering nanostructured materials for industrial and biomedical applications. Moreover, the preparation and use of systems with multiple (multifunctional) properties (i.e., bioconjugation with superparamagnetic, fluorescent or targeting molecules) is positioned to become a viable and innovative tool for application in several clinical fields. Other nanostructured systems like nanocages and degradable nanoparticles, are emerging as potential innovative systems that could be exploited as multifunctional delivery vectors. This brief critical review is aimed at collecting and discussing some recent patents dealing with the preparation and use of multifunctional nanoparticles, nanocages and degradable nanoparticles in biomedicine and non-invasive bioimaging applications. Perspectives for a potential use of these multifunctional nanosystems in pediatries have been also discussed.     

Dendritic Silica Particles with Center‐Radial Pore Channels: Promising Platforms for Catalysis and Biomedical Applications

Dendritic silica micro‐/nanoparticles with center‐radial pore structures, a kind of newly created porous material, have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique open three‐dimensional dendritic superstructures with large pore channels and highly accessible internal surface areas compared with conventional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). They are very promising platforms for a variety of applications in catalysis and nanomedicine. In this review, their unique structural characteristics and properties are first analyzed, then novel and interesting synthesis methods associated with the possible formation mechanisms are summarized to provide material scientists some inspiration for the preparation of this kind of dendritic particles. Subsequently, a few examples of interesting applications are presented, mainly in catalysis, biomedicine, and other important fields such as for sacrificial templates and functional coatings. The review is concluded with an outlook on the prospects and challenges in terms of their controlled synthesis and potential applications.     

Nanostructured polymer and lipid carriers for sunscreen. Biological effects and skin permeation

The interest in developing new sunscreens is increasing due to the harmful effects of UV radiation on the skin, such as erythema, accelerated skin ageing (photoageing) and the induction of skin cancer. However, many molecular sunscreens penetrate into the skin causing photoallergies, phototoxic reactions and skin irritation. Thus, the aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles to act carriers of benzophenone-3 (BZ3), aiming to improve the safety of sunscreen products by increasing the sun protection factor (SPF), decreasing BZ3 skin penetration and decreasing BZ3 concentration in sunscreen formulation. BZ3 was encapsulated in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method and in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by the hot high pressure homogenization method. The particles were stable for 40 days. The BZ3 encapsulated in PCL nanoparticles was released faster than BZ3 encapsulated in SLN. The sun protection factor increased when BZ3 was encapsulated in both nanostructures. However, BZ3 encapsulated in PCL nanoparticles decreased its skin permeation more than SLN-BZ3. Furthermore, BZ3 encapsulated in SLN did not exhibit cytotoxic or phototoxic effects in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and BABL/c 3T3 fibroblasts, whereas PCL nanoparticles with BZ3 showed phototoxic potential in HaCaT cells. Nevertheless, BZ3 free and encapsulated in PCL nanoparticles or in SLN did not show allergic reactions in mice. Our results suggest that these nanostructures are interesting carriers for sunscreen.     

Co–Fe Alloy/N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres Derived from Dual Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Metal–organic framework (MOF) composites have recently been considered as promising precursors to derive advanced metal/carbon‐based materials for various energy‐related applications. Here, a dual‐MOF‐assisted pyrolysis approach is developed to synthesize Co–Fe alloy@N‐doped carbon hollow spheres. Novel core–shell architectures consisting of polystyrene cores and Co‐based MOF composite shells encapsulated with discrete Fe‐based MOF nanocrystallites are first synthesized, followed by a thermal treatment to prepare hollow composite materials composed of Co–Fe alloy nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in porous N‐doped carbon nanoshells. Benefitting from the unique structure and composition, the as‐derived Co–Fe alloy@N‐doped carbon hollow spheres exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction. The present approach expands the toolbox for design and preparation of advanced MOF‐derived functional materials for diverse applications.     

纳米银的制备及应用研究进展

纳米银具有独特的热、光、电、磁、催化和敏感等特性,具有广阔的应用前景,是金属纳米材料研究的热点.阐述了制备纳米银的方法,包括化学还原法、光化学还原法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、激光烧蚀法等,列举了纳米银在化学反应、光学领域、抗菌领域和作为抗静电材料的主要应用,简述了纳米银制备过程中存在的不足,展望了纳米银合成研究的发展趋势.     

SiO2/聚合物复合粒子研究进展

从 SiO2/聚合物复合粒子的界面作用机理、不同结构(核壳结构、微胶囊结构和杂化互穿网络结构)复合粒子的制备方法等方面综述了国内外最新研究进展,介绍了 SiO2/聚合物复合粒子在高性能涂料、中空微球制备等领域的应用,同时指出其目前存在的问题及发展前景。