Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头的特征及性能

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄片进行了微电阻点焊实验。研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区X射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明:在焊接电流为0.3~0.7 k A范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳;在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响;在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加,焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 k A、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高,为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi_3、Al_2Ti和Al_3Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al_3Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺试验优化与分析

在1.0 mm厚B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺窗口范围内,以峰值拉剪力、失效能耗和熔核大小为考核指标,利用正交试验方法系统地研究了通电时间、焊接电流和电极压力等工艺参数对焊点质量的影响。结果表明,影响焊点质量的主次顺序为通电时间焊接电流电极压力,优选工艺参数组合为:通电时间8 cyc、焊接电流8.3kA和电极压力0.35kN,并试验验证了优选工艺参数组合条件下的点焊接头质量较高,飞溅较少。     

工艺参数对1 000 MPa级高强结构钢点焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了电极压力、焊接电流、焊接时间和脉冲回火对1 000 MPa级高强结构钢点焊接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着电极压力和焊接电流增大,接头熔核直径均表现为先增加而后减小的特征;在电极压力为2.8 kN和焊接电流为8.0 kA时接头产生飞溅;随着焊接时间的增加,接头熔核直径呈现逐渐增加的趋势;当电极压力3.4 kN、焊接电流7.5 kA、焊接时间为16 cyc时,接头熔核直径较大,马氏体组织较为细小,硬度较高,此时接头承受的拉剪力可达13.0 kN,具有较高的抗剪强度;经过1次脉冲回火和2次脉冲回火后接头承受的最大拉剪力分别为13.8 kN和14.2 kN,相较于未脉冲回火的点焊接头分别提高了6.15%和9. 23%。     

热镀锌双相钢与普通热镀锌钢点焊工艺对比

用单因素法对比试验了两种基板材料不同的热镀锌钢板的点焊工艺,研究焊接电流、焊接时间和电极压力三个主要工艺参数对点焊质量的影响.结果表明,80 kg级热镀锌双相钢点焊工艺参数比普通热镀锌钢窄很多,普通镀锌钢接头抗拉剪载荷只有双相钢的1/3～1/2;焊接电流和焊接时间对焊点的熔核直径和接头抗拉剪载荷影响很大,电极压力对接头抗拉剪载荷和熔核直径影响甚小,变化幅度仅在500～1 000 N和0.5 mm以内.数据分析表明,以熔核直径为判据优化焊接参数时,抗拉剪载荷波动较大,可能出现强度偏低的情况,为此提出了以抗拉剪载荷为判据进行参数优化的方法,得到0.8 mm厚普通热镀锌钢点焊参数范围:焊接电流10～12.5 kA,焊接时间16～23 cyc,电极压力1 430～3 570 N;1 mm厚80 kg级热镀锌双相钢点焊参数范围:焊接电流10.7～11.7 kA,焊接时间13～19 cyc,电极压力2 150～3 200 N.     

添加镍颗粒的铝/钛异种材料电阻焊接头力学性能及显微组织分析

使用三相次级整流电阻焊机对LY12铝合金/TC4钛合金进行电阻点焊,并在板材中间添加了镍颗粒. 结果表明,最佳工艺参数为电极压力3.03 kN,预热脉冲焊接电流7.5 kA/10 cyc(1 cyc=0.02 s),焊接脉冲焊接电流12.1 kA/45 cyc,缓冷脉冲焊接电流7.5 kA/10 cyc,接头的最大拉剪力为7.12 kN. 铝合金侧熔核的显微组织为细小的等轴晶,钛合金侧熔核的显微组织为针状马氏体,IMC层由靠近铝合金侧的一层1～2 μm厚的NiAl3和在钛合金/铝合金之间散乱分布着的TiAl3共同构成.     

201不锈钢点焊工艺优化与焊点质量分析

针对电阻点焊过程非线性、多变量耦合和存在随机不确定因素的特点,采用正变试验设计方法科学安排点焊试验,研究电极压力、焊接电流和焊接时间对201不锈钢点焊接头拉剪强度及焊点熔核直径间的关系.研究结果表明,焊接电流对焊点质量影响最大,电极压力次之,焊接时间的影响最小.试验范围内的最佳焊接规范参数为:焊接电流6.4 kA、电极压力3.6 kN、焊接时间8周波,点焊接头拉剪强度可达8.92 kN.201不锈钢点焊接头中的主要焊接缺陷为缩孔和结晶裂纹,采用较大的电极压力和较小的焊接电流焊接可减少焊接缺陷的形成,使接头承载能力明显提高.     

热补偿电阻点焊铝合金接头的性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊的方法焊接铝合金A5052板,分析了焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力等焊接参数对熔核尺寸与接头抗剪强度的影响,并分析了接头抗正拉强度与焊接电流的关系.铝合金的热补偿电阻点焊接头抗剪力及熔核直径随焊接时间延长而增大,随电板压力的增大而减小.当焊接电流为12kA时,接头拉剪力达到最大值,约5.5 kN.试验结...     

点焊工艺对汽车用镁/钢点焊接头性能的影响

采用电阻点焊实现了对镁合金和钢的焊接,研究焊接电流、焊接时间和焊接压力对镁/钢点焊接头拉剪力和熔核直径的影响。结果表明,随着焊接压力、焊接电流或焊接时间的增加,镁/钢点焊接头拉剪力先增加后减小。在预压时间300ms,焊接电流30kA,焊接时间180ms,焊接压力6kN时,得到镁/钢点焊接头最大拉剪力6.64 kN。     

钛/铝异种材料电阻点焊接头力学性能及显微组织

使用三相次级整流电阻焊机对2A16铝合金/TC4钛合金进行电阻点焊,研究了焊接过程中,工艺参数对力学性能的影响并确定了最佳工艺参数。通过金相显微镜观察了接头的显微组织特征。结果表明,随着焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力的增加,接头的抗剪载荷呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当焊接电流为12 k A、焊接时间为24cyc,电极压力为5.5 k N时,接头的抗拉剪力最大值5.60 k N。铝合金侧熔核的显微组织为细小的柱状晶,在两板结合面出现少量粗大等轴晶,钛合金侧熔核的显微组织为粗针状马氏体。     

纯钛/镁合金异种材料电阻点焊接头组织和性能分析

采用电阻点焊技术焊接TA2纯钛板和AZ31B镁合金板。研究了不同焊接参数(点焊电流、点焊时间和电极压力)对焊点拉剪强度的影响,分析Ti/Mg焊点界面区域微观组织构成及显微硬度分布。分析结果表明,Ti/Mg焊点拉剪强度随点焊电流、焊接时间和电极压力的增大呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当采用点焊电流10 kA,焊接时间8周波,电极压力4 kN等参数时,Ti/Mg焊点拉剪力达到最大值3.7 kN。能谱分析表明,Mg/Ti界面反应层由Mg_(17)Al_(12),α-Mg和TiAl_3等相组成,其具有最大显微硬度146 HV。     

Optimization design of resistance spot welding parameters of magnesium alloy

By means of the quadratic regression combination design process, the regression equations of nugget diameter and tensile shear load of spot welded joint were established. Effects of welding parameters on the nugget diameter and the tensile shear load were investigated. The results show that effect of welding current on nugget diameter is the most evident. And higher welding current will result in bigger nugget diameter. Besides, interaction effect of electrode force and welding current on tensile shear load is the most evident compared with others. The optimum welding parameters corresponding to the maximum of tensile shear load have been obtained by programming using Matlab software, which is 4, 7 kN electrode force, 28 kA welding current and 4 cycle welding time. Under the condition of the optimum welding parameters, the joint having no visible defects can be obtained, nugget diameter and tensile shear load being 6. 8 mm and 3 256 N, respectively.     

Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar material joints of galvanised high strength steel and aluminium alloy

Abstract

Intermediate frequency resistance spot welding has been adopted to join dissimilar materials of H220YD galvanised high strength steel and 6008 aluminium alloy. The effects of welding current and welding time on microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. A thin intermetallic compound layer composed of Fe₂Al₅ phase and Fe₄Al₁₃ phase formed at the steel/aluminium interface. The interfacial intermetallic compound layer has higher nanohardness compared with the aluminium alloy nugget and galvanised steel. With increasing welding current (4–11?kA) and welding time (50–300?ms), the nugget diameter increased, the interfacial layer structure became coarser and the tensile shear load of the welded joints had an increased tendency. The maximum tensile shear load reached 3309?N at 9?kA for 250?ms. Crack initiated at the interfacial intermetallic compound layer of the tensile shear specimens, then propagated through the interfacial layer principally, and meantime through the aluminium alloy fusion zone near the interface partially.     

基于正交试验法研究DP590点焊工艺

通过正交试验法研究DP590冷轧板电阻点焊性能。以剪切载荷为评价指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,研究工艺参数影响点焊接头拉剪载荷的显著程度,并获得DP590冷轧板的最优工艺参数,测量接头的熔核直径并分析其失效模式,观察接头显微组织。结果表明,焊接电流对剪切载荷的影响最为显著,其次为焊接时间,电极压力影响较小;最优工艺参数为:焊接电流8.5 k A,焊接时间360 ms,电极压力3.6 k N;当焊接电流大于5.5 k A时,接头失效模式均为熔核剥离失效;熔核区显微组织为板条状马氏体和贝氏体,热影响区组织为细小马氏体。     

Development of single-side resistance spot welding technology applying in-process welding current and electrode force controls

An indirect resistance spot welding process with single-side electrode access was developed for automotive applications. The variable controls of electrode force and welding current during welding were studied in order to achieve the promotion of weld nugget formation and the suppression of expulsion without sacrificing the productivity and design flexibility of automobiles. The welding experiments were performed on lapped test coupons of 0.7-mm-thick cold-rolled sheet with tensile strength of 270 N/mm² and 1.6-mm-thick cold-rolled sheet with tensile strength of 980 N/mm² using a resistance spot welding system consisting a servo-motor-controlled welding gun and an inverter DC power supply. Welding experiments verified that the occurrence of expulsion and formation of molten nugget were significantly influenced by the heat generation and melting process at an initial period during welding and manageable by applying the variable patterns of electrode force and welding current. When welding was performed under the large shunting condition simply with the constant force and current pattern of 400 N in electrode force, the appropriate current range was less than 1 kA. On the other hand, it extended to 2.6 kA when performed with the variable force and current pattern of 800 N in force and 4 kA in current at the first stage and 400 N in force at the second stage, confirming the fact that the variable pattern successfully suppressed the expulsion and promoted the nugget formation. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare the difference in welding phenomena between the constant force and current pattern and the variable force and current pattern and clarified that the effect of variable force and current pattern on the promotion of nugget formation and the suppression of expulsion.     

交流点焊工艺参数对AZ31B镁合金接头性能的影响

研究了AZ31B镁合金交流点焊中焊接电流、电极压力及焊接时间等工艺参数对接头拉剪力的影响规律，确定了最佳工艺参数为焊接电流17000A，电极压力2475N，焊接时间为10个周波，预压时间为20个周波，该条件下接头达到最大拉剪强度为l980N；同时试验得出表面状态对接头性能有着显著的影响。     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of magnesium alloy AZ31B joint fabricated by resistance spot welding with cover plates

Abstract

The authors welded magnesium alloy AZ31B sheets using the technique of resistance spot welding with cover plates, and investigated the effects of welding parameters on the tensile shear strength of joints and shape characteristic of nugget. The joints with high tensile shear strength were obtained under relatively low welding current. The equiaxed grains with the many intragranularly precipitated particles Mg₁₇Al₁₂ in the nugget were observed.     

钛与低碳钢的电阻点焊

采用电阻点焊方法对纯钛与低碳钢Q235进行焊接试验，利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了熔核区组织特性，探讨了焊接电流对熔核尺寸和抗剪载荷的影响. 结果表明，受焦耳热的影响熔核直径随焊接电流的增加而增加，抗剪载荷则随焊接电流的增大而呈先升后降的变化趋势，焊接电流为8 kA时所得接头的抗剪载荷最大，约2.85 kN. 在钢侧熔核区观察到了靠近钢侧厚度约为30～50 μm的TiFe2+α-Fe共晶组织层和粗大TiFe柱状晶；钛侧熔核区主要由靠近钛侧约12 μm厚的TiFe+α-Ti共晶组织层和TiFe柱状晶构成，且观察到了宏观分层现象.     

Effect of welding current on strength and microstructure in resistance spot welding of AZ31 Mg alloy

In this paper, resistance spot welding were performed on lmm-thickness magnesium AZ31B plates. The effect of welding current on the microstructure and tensile shear force was investigated. It was found that the welding current governed the nugget growth, and the nugget could not form if current levels were insufficient. The nugget revealed a homogeneous, equiaxed, fine-grained structure, which consisted of non-equilibrium microstructure of α-phase dendrites surrounded by eutectic mixtures of α and β（ Mg17All2 ） in the grain boundaries. With increasing welding current, the size of grains in nugget would be more smaller and uniform, and the width of plastic rings would be larger. Tensile shear tests showed that tensile shear force of the joints increased with increasing welding current when the welding current was smaller than 17 000 A. The maximum tensile shear force was up to 1980 N.     

基于田口法的钛合金微电阻点焊焊接参数优化

为了获取最优的钛合金点焊接头性能,选取了焊接时间、焊接电流和电极压力为影响焊点性能的工艺参数,对厚度为0.4 mm的TC2钛合金进行焊接试验. 以焊点熔核直径、焊点拉剪试验中的最大拉剪力、最大位移值与失效能量值作为表征焊点性能优劣的指标. 采用灰色关联分析将多个表征焊点性能的指标转换为一个综合评判焊点质量的灰色综合关联度. 通过方差分析获得了使焊点质量达到最优的焊接工艺参数组合. 结果表明,综合利用灰色关联分析法与田口试验法优化微电阻点焊焊点质量的方法是有效的,可以应用于实际生产中.