280 简易快速的表面超疏水涂层制备及其性能

目的 低成本简易快速地制备出耐腐蚀超疏水涂层,并研究表面喷砂对超疏水涂层的影响。方法 利用喷砂和抛光这2种表面处理方式和喷涂工艺在5050铝合金板基体表面构建出具有多级结构的超疏水表面。通过润湿性、电化学腐蚀、耐磨性、浸泡耐久性和自清洁测试等试验,分别评价制备样品表面的润湿性、耐海水腐蚀、耐磨性、耐长时间浸泡性能和自清洁性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对表面形貌和元素成分进行分析。结果 制备的样品表面具有优异的超疏水性能。在30次喷涂次数下,喷砂基底的涂层表面的水滴静态接触角为(153.9±1)°,动态滚动角为(2.99±0.5)°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2涂层可以有效增强铝合金表面的耐腐蚀性能。试验中,样品在25次砂纸摩擦后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(97±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(102.4±1)°。样品在NaCl溶液浸泡10 d后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(69.4±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(113.7±1)°。结论 所制备的喷砂和抛光基体在经过不同次数的喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2复合涂料后具备超疏水性能,且喷砂基底的涂层表面具有更低的滚动角。涂层修饰的表面在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能随着喷涂次数的提升而增强。在相同的喷涂条件下,喷砂处理基体能提高超疏水表面的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和耐久性。     

基于磁控溅射–氟化改性的新型ZnO/SiO2复合超疏水涂层防冰性能研究

目的 通过磁控溅射及表面氟化修饰不同纳米尺度的氧化锌(ZnO)和二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子,获得一种新型的ZnO/SiO2复合超疏水涂层。方法 研究不同氟化修饰剂对新型ZnO/SiO2复合超疏水涂层防冰性能的影响。采用光学接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对涂层的水接触角(CA)、滚动角(SA)、微观膜层形貌以及氟化前后化学键的改变进行分析。采用自制结冰装置及数显拉力计对涂层在高湿低温环境中的结冰时间和冰层在涂层表面的黏附强度进行测试。结果 磁控溅射ZnO和SiO2纳米粒子复合制膜得到的粒子排列状态规则,并且两种不同尺寸粒子的掺混使得涂层表面呈多簇状微纳米二级结构,能够很好地降低液滴与表面的附着力;分别选用十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(FAS-17)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(G502)、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)4种氟化修饰剂对涂层表面进行整体修饰,其中,FAS-17修饰后的涂层表面防冰效果最好,其液–气复合接触面积比例达到了94.38%,接触角和滚动角达到最佳,分别为164.7°和3°,且冰在表面的黏附强度降低至3.8 kPa;在湿度为60%,温度分别为–2、–10及–20 ℃的条件下,涂层延缓结冰时间分别为244 6、160 4、137 s。结论 采用不同纳米尺度的ZnO和SiO2纳米粒子,经过磁控溅射和整体表面改性可以得到簇状结构的新型复合超疏水涂层。通过FAS-17乙醇溶液进行表面氟化修饰,更加显著地提高了涂层的超疏水性能。     

AH32钢表面等离子喷涂制备疏水涂层及其耐腐蚀性能研究

目的提高AH32海洋用钢表面的疏水性及耐蚀性,并给出最佳性能的喷涂涂层成分。方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在AH32钢表面制备了三种不同成分的涂层。利用微量进样器结合半球法测量了涂层的接触角,并利用Qwen-Wendt公式对涂层的表面能进行了计算,利用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层的表面形貌,利用表面粗糙度仪测量涂层的表面粗糙度,利用冲刷实验及电化学工作站测量了不同涂层的耐蚀性能,并讨论了不同涂层的疏水机制及相应的腐蚀机理。结果等离子喷涂涂层显著改善了AH32钢的疏水性能。相比而言,等离子喷涂Co基涂层及等离子喷涂Ni基涂层与水的静态接触角达到了130°以上,均具有较好的疏水效果。三种涂层均明显改善了AH32钢的耐海水冲刷腐蚀能力,其中AH32钢基体腐蚀30d后的失重为1.68×10^-2 g/cm^2,等离子喷涂Ni基涂层的腐蚀失重最小,约为4.2×10^-3 g/cm^2。极化曲线测试结果也表明,三种涂层的自腐蚀电位较基体提高了300 mV左右,并且腐蚀电流密度较基体降低了1个数量级以上,另外Co基涂层的腐蚀电流密度高于Ni基涂层的腐蚀电流密度,因此Co基涂层在腐蚀过程中表面会产生较多的羟基基团,导致其与水的静态接触角降低,最终导致其疏水性能下降。结论等离子喷涂Ni基涂层的疏水性能最好,腐蚀速率最小,耐冲刷腐蚀性能最佳,与基体相比,其腐蚀失重减小了1.26×10^-2 g/cm^2。     

一种具有自粘附性能的超疏水自清洁涂层制备方法

目的提高超疏水涂层的粘附性、表面强度及耐磨性,精简制备工艺,并解决制备中存在的不环保问题。方法将SPK胶水和疏水性二氧化硅纳米粒子作为原料,采用简单喷涂工艺制备了具有自粘附性能的超疏水涂层,通过水的接触角测量、粘附力测试、耐磨性测试、涂层自清洁效果测试,分别评价涂层的润湿性、粘附力、耐磨性、自清洁效果,并通过扫描电子显微镜对喷涂前后涂层的形貌及元素组成变化进行分析。结果制备的涂层接触角为150.5°。在电子万能试验机作用下,涂层粘附玻璃样片的最大拉伸剪切强度为1.45 MPa,粘附打磨光滑的45钢样片,最大拉伸剪切强度可达1.69 MPa,粘附性良好。受力涂层在砂纸上拖行120 cm后,表面润湿性仍为超疏水。覆盖有涂层的照片,表面光滑平整,不影响照片本身的清晰度,当混合污染物滴落在图片表面时难以浸润入,并沿着表面流走。结论制备的涂层具有超疏水特性。该涂层对基底具有强粘附性,且涂层粘附力与胶粘附力有关,如果使用粘附力更强的胶,涂层的粘附力可继续提升。涂层具有良好的耐磨性且超疏水效果稳定。由于涂层的超疏水特性,附着在其表面的混合污染物难以浸润入基底,可以很好地保护基底表面。     

抽水蓄能机组过流表面超疏水涂层的制备及其阻垢防腐性能研究

目的提升过流表面的阻垢、防腐性能。方法通过电感耦合等离子光谱仪和离子色谱对江西某抽水蓄能电站过流表面垢质组成进行表征,分析垢质形成的主要因素。采用Q235低碳钢片模拟抽水蓄能机组过流表面,并通过在过流表面构筑超疏水表面涂层,来提升其阻垢和防腐性能。采用商品化的Zonyl?TM作为疏水改性剂,通过乳液聚合法制备改性Si O_2微球-含氟聚合物混合涂膜液。通过喷涂法在Q235低碳钢片上制备超疏水表面。通过挂片试验考察超疏涂层的阻垢、防腐性能。结果 Q235低碳钢片超疏水涂层表面水滴接触角达到了151.8°,表面能降低至5.1m N/m,水滴滚动角为7.8°,表现出良好的超疏水性。在挂片试验中,未涂覆超疏水涂层的钢片表面存在严重腐蚀,而涂覆超疏水涂层的钢片表面未见腐蚀现象。涂覆超疏水涂层后,钢片表面的结垢总增重从涂覆前的45 g/m~2降低至5 g/m~2,降低了88.9%。结论通过喷涂法在模拟过流表面经过一次涂覆成功制备了超疏水涂层,有效避免了表面的腐蚀,并显著减缓了表面的结垢。该方法在过流表面的阻垢、防腐方面展现出了良好的应用前景。     

改性环氧树脂基纳米氧化铝超疏水涂层的制备及其耐久性

超疏水材料是一种具有防水、自清洁等功能的仿生材料,具有广阔的应用价值,但表面容易受到环境和机械作用影响而破坏,导致超疏水性能失效。针对此类实际问题,以改性环氧树脂和疏水型纳米氧化铝颗粒为原料,采用分层制备的方式,利用空气喷涂法制备出一种具有良好耐久性的超疏水纳米复合涂层,其接触角可以达到157.57°,滚动角达到2°。在机械耐久性方面,经历30次砂纸摩擦或者45次胶带黏附后,该涂层仍能保持超疏水性能,且与其它商业涂层相比具有更好的机械耐磨性。在化学耐久性方面,该涂层在酸碱溶液中浸泡100 min后仍具有良好的超疏水性能。综上,使用该体系制备的超疏水材料具有良好的耐久性能。     

耐用铝基超疏水涂层的机械稳定性及抗结冰性能

通过简单的一步喷涂法,以成膜树脂和疏水纳米粒子为材料,构建具有优异机械稳定性和抗结冰性的无氟耐用超疏水涂层（RSHC）。方法 以有机硅树脂（SI）和环氧树脂（EP）为成膜物质,掺入具有疏水性的SiO2复合尺度纳米粒子,采用一步喷涂法制备涂层。采用接触角测量仪等测量涂层的表面浸润性,通过线性摩擦实验、胶带剥离实验、射流冲击实验等测定涂层的机械稳定性,通过静态结冰实验、低温弹跳和冻雨实验等测定涂层的抗结冰性能。结果 制备的涂层表现出优异的超疏水性,其接触角为158°4°,滚动角为8°0.6°。当有机硅树脂、环氧树脂和SiO2纳米粒子的质量比为2.8∶1.2∶1时,涂层表面在具有良好疏水性的同时仍具有极佳的力学性能。线性摩擦实验结果表明,涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能,经过100次摩擦循环后,其表面水滴接触角仍可达到157°;胶带剥离实验结果表明,涂层与基底间具有坚实的附着力,在测试20次后其表面的水滴接触角仍保持大于150°;射流冲击实验结果表明,涂层具有一定的抗冲击性,在射流冲击30 min后涂层的表面接触角未明显减小。此外,覆盖涂层的基底具有优异的静态结冰延迟性能和动态防覆冰性能。在静态结冰实验中,涂层表面液滴的结冰时间延迟了约7倍;在低温弹跳和冻雨实验中,滴落的水滴能从表面完全弹起滚落,并且在低温冻雨环境中其表面可以保持无覆冰。结论 制备的耐用超疏水涂层具有良好的疏水性、机械稳定性和抗结冰性能,对耐用超疏水涂层的研究及实际应用具有一定的参考价值。     

基于多孔黏结层的超疏水复合涂层制备及其耐磨性研究

目的 提高超疏水涂层的耐磨性。方法 采用底面复合方法增强超疏水涂层的附着性和耐磨性，通过发泡剂在树脂底漆表面形成均匀孔隙结构，使喷涂于底漆表面的部分超疏水纳米颗粒嵌入孔隙中，通过硬化树脂的凸起结构有效保护超疏水纳米颗粒，从而提高涂层整体的耐磨性。在摩擦磨损试验机上开展橡胶磨损测试，综合评价涂层的耐磨性能，并通过扫描电子显微镜和同轴光学显微镜对涂层表面的原始形貌及磨损形貌进行分析，通过接触角测量仪对涂层磨损前后的表面润湿性进行测试。结果 当异构十六烷的质量分数为50%、预热温度为130℃、预热时间为100 s时，在底漆表面可形成较深且分布均匀的孔隙结构，基于该底漆制备的超疏水复合涂层的耐磨性相对更好。在30 N载荷下，优化涂层经橡胶磨损700次后，仍能保持较好的疏水性。结论 通过发泡剂对底面复合涂层进行改进，可有效提高超疏水纳米涂层与基底之间的黏结强度；底漆表面的孔隙结构有利于超疏水颗粒的嵌入，充分利用硬化树脂的凸起结构对嵌入的超疏水颗粒进行保护，可有效提高底面复合超疏水涂层的整体耐磨性。     

电弧喷涂Zn-Al合金与硅氧烷自组装制备超疏水涂层

采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢板上制备了Zn-Al合金涂层,利用硅氧烷对其表面改性,得到具有超疏水特性的Zn-Al涂层。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、激光共聚焦蔡司光学仪、表面接触角仪(OCA20)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了涂层表面形貌、疏水性能以及涂层材料与硅氧烷的结合机理。结果表明:当喷涂电压固定时,涂层表面的粗糙度随着送丝速度的增加先增大后减小;当送丝速度固定时,涂层表面的粗糙度随着电压的增大呈相同变化趋势。接触角随着Zn-Al涂层粗糙度的增加而增大,当粗糙度为12.457μm时接触角可增至151.06°,滚动角小于10°。自组装硅氧烷与涂层结合处理后表明结合机理是由硅氧烷水解后的羟基与基体的羟基通过脱水缩合而"生长"在Zn-Al涂层表面。     

高黏附性超疏水表面的制备及耐腐蚀性

利用电化学沉积技术在碳钢基底上制备了Co-Ni过渡层,再通过双辉等离子表面合金化技术(DGPSA)在过渡层上沉积了Cr涂层,经全氟辛基三氯硅烷(PFTEOS)溶液修饰后,制备出了具有高黏附性的超疏水表面。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、接触角测量仪、电化学测试等方法表征了涂层的形貌、物相组成、润湿性能、粘附性以及耐腐蚀性能,探究了DGPSA技术不同沉积时间对Cr涂层表面形貌和润湿性能的影响。结果表明,在沉积温度为750 ℃,沉积时间30 min 时,制备出了具有微纳米乳突状结构的高黏附性超疏水表面,水滴接触角达到159°,水滴在样品倾斜180°也不发生滚落。电化学测试结果证明制备的超疏水表面具有出色的耐腐蚀性能,对碳钢基底起到了良好的腐蚀防护作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。