SnO_2超细粒子的复合化学镀铜的研究

探讨了黑碳钢表面上的 Sn O2 超细粒子的复合化学镀铜工艺。研究了镀液的温度、p H值、镀液中 Sn O2 微粒含量等因素对复合化学镀铜性能的影响 ,并检测了复合镀层的抗氧化性、耐磨性及镀层和基体的结合力。用扫描电子显微镜观察镀层表面 Sn O2 微粒的分布及生长情况 ,并与镀铜前测得的微粒粒径作比较 ,从微观结构分析添加 Sn O2 微粒对镀层性能的影响。用 XRD对镀层进行定性分析 ,确认 Sn O2 微粒已成为复合镀层的组成成份     

涤纶织物化学复合镀（Ni—P）-SnO2纳米微粒复合镀层

采用化学镀技术,实现了涤纶织物表面(Ni-P)-SnO2纳米微粒复合镀,借助扫描电镜、X-射线能谱仪、X-射线衍射分析仪和热质量分析仪对镀层表面形貌、成分以及热性能进行了分析,并对(Ni-P)-SnO2复合镀层的电磁波屏蔽和耐磨性能进行了测试。结果表明,经过(Ni-P)-SnO2纳米微粒复合镀之后,涤纶织物的起始热分解温度有所下降。镀层的均匀性和致密性对电磁波屏蔽性能影响显著。SnO2纳米颗粒对镀层表面起到了很好的增强改性作用,但由于镀层和纤维表面的结合力变差,因此织物耐磨性反而下降。     

纳米微粒复合镀层的研究进展

介绍了纳米微粒复合镀层的制备方法。综述了高显微硬度复合镀层、耐磨性复合镀层、耐蚀性复合镀层以及其它特殊功能复合镀层的发展现状及应用前景,总结了目前纳米微粒复合镀技术存在的问题,并且就其以后的研究发展进行了展望。     

镍/纳米二氧化硅纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的研究

制备了纳米氧化硅镍复合镀层材料,并利用静态浸泡法对纯镍镀层和由镀液中不同微粒含量制备的复合镀层样品的耐蚀性能进行了研究,讨论镀液中纳米微粒含量对镀层抗蚀性能的影响。并用扫描电镜观察镀层的表面形貌。     

Ni-纳米SiO2复合镀层耐蚀性的初探

制备了纳米氧化硅—镍复合镀层材料，并利用静态浸泡法对纯镍镀层和由镀液中不同微粒含量制备的复合镀层耐蚀性能进行研究，讨论了镀液中纳米微粒含量对镀层抗蚀性的影响，并用扫描电镜观察镀层的表面形貌。     

复合电镀(Ni-P)石-墨工艺及镀层性能的研究

用复合电镀方法在低碳钢基体上镀覆(Ni-P)-石墨复合镀层.研究了表面活性剂、石墨微粒的悬浮量及阴极电流密度对镀层中石墨微粒含量的影响.结果表明,当镀液中石墨微粒约为12g/L、搅拌速度120 r/min、温度为45℃、pH为4,镀层中石墨微粒含量最高.对镀层的表面形貌、耐蚀性、硬度、减摩性及耐磨性进行了测定,与Ni-P合金镀层相比,(Ni-P)-石墨复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

钛合金Ni-P-PTFE-SiC复合镀工艺研究

在传统镀液中添加软质微粒PTFE和硬质微粒Si C,使两种微粒充分混合分散在镀液中,施镀时发生Ni-P-PTFESi C共沉积,在钛合金表面形成Ni-P-PTFE-Si C四元复合镀层。并与Ni-P镀层、Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层、Ni-P-Si C复合镀层进行了比对,分析了复合镀层微观形貌的变化情况及PTFE微粒和Si C微粒的加入对其摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Ni-PPTFE-Si C复合镀层具有较高的硬度和良好的耐磨减摩性能。     

化学镀(Ni-P)-SiC纳米复合镀层性能研究

利用化学镀方法获得了(Ni-P)-Si C纳米微粒复合镀层,并研究了Si C颗粒含量、p H及热处理等条件对镀层硬度及耐磨性的影响。扫描电镜测试表明,镀层表面平整,Si C纳米颗粒均匀复合于镀层中。镀层的硬度与耐磨性能测试表明,随着镀液中Si C含量的增加,复合镀层的硬度与耐磨性先升高后降低。当镀液中Si C质量浓度为10 g/L时,镀层硬度及耐磨性最好,热处理后的镀层硬度高达1069 HV。     

(Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒化学复合镀层的摩擦特性

通过对化学镀Ni-P合金,化学复合镀（Ni-P)-微米SiC微粒复合镀层和化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层研究与比较,探讨了化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层的摩擦学特性;研究发现化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层由于其良好的组织与性能,滑动磨损过程中具有低的摩擦系数和高的耐磨性。这种良好的摩擦学特性在高载荷下更为突出。     

失效汽车零件的修复试验研究

采用表面镀覆微粒增强镍基复合镀层的方法修复失效的汽车缸套。考察了复合镀层中微粒的质量分数、微粒粒径及复合镀层厚度对汽车缸套磨损量的影响规律,并分析了各自的影响机制。通过优化施镀工艺,达到有效修复受损部位的目标。测试结果表明:修复的汽车缸套符合相关规范要求,耐磨性理想,能够实现再利用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。