铜钢复合冷却壁热变形分析

提高高炉炉腰及炉身下部冷却壁抗热变形能力是维持高炉长寿的关键.采用热态实验和数值模拟手段研究高炉炉腰及炉身下部区域铜钢复合冷却壁的传热及热变形行为,并与铜冷却壁进行对比分析.铜钢复合冷却壁热面无渣铁壳覆盖,煤气温度1200℃条件下,铜钢复合冷却壁最高温度为180℃,传热性能与铜冷却壁接近.铜钢界面最大等效应力约为114.45 MPa,低于铜钢复合板的抗拉强度.铜钢复合冷却壁发生弯曲变形,中心z向位移为0.66 mm,较铜冷却壁低约25.8%;顶底端沿z向位移为0.13 mm,较铜冷却壁低约50%;曲率为0.93×10-4 mm-1,较铜冷却壁低约51.81%.铜钢复合冷却壁抗变形能力优于铜冷却壁,可以避免铜冷却壁热变形过大导致的螺栓及冷却水管断裂破损问题.      

铜钢复合冷却壁在包钢2号高炉的工业试验

在包钢2号高炉炉身九段用了8块铜钢复合冷却壁进行工业试验。2年5个月的试验结果表明:①在相同条件下,铜钢复合冷却壁的冷却强度要大于普通铸铁冷却壁的冷却强度;②铜钢复合冷却壁结渣皮需20～30min,而铸铁冷却壁结渣皮需3h或更长时间,且铜钢复合冷却壁无损坏,无断水现象;③高炉煤比升高的情况下燃料比基本保持不变,铜钢复合冷却壁的使用可以满足高炉炉身冷却需求。     

铜钢复合冷却壁在承钢高炉的应用北大核心

简要阐述了现代高炉几种冷却壁的变迁,重点阐述了铜钢复合冷却壁的特点及在承钢2500m^3高炉的应用效果。工业应用效果表明,铜钢复合冷却壁"热面"有轧制铜冷却壁传热优点,"冷面"有铸铁冷却壁抗挠曲变形的优势,有效地解决了铸铁冷却壁传热能力不足和轧制铜冷却壁水管管根容易被切断的问题。同时,铜钢复合冷却壁减少了铜的用量,降低了制造成本,在大中型高炉上具有很好的推广价值。     

铜钢复合冷却壁传热能力及热变形分析

通过数值模拟的方法,对铜钢复合冷却壁的传热能力,以及在高热负荷下铜钢复合冷却壁的变形情况进行了分析。结果表明:①与铜冷却壁相比,铜钢复合冷却壁的传热能力仅下降1.17%;冷却水对流换热在冷却系统中占绝对主导地位,99%的热量是通过冷却水带走,距离热面最近的水道铜面起主要作用。②铜钢复合冷却壁抗热变形能力较好,在无渣皮保护的极限工作条件下,铜钢复合冷却壁的热变形量大约为铜冷却壁的一半,有较好的抗变形能力;铜钢复合冷却壁的界面处的应力值较大,爆炸焊接结合的铜钢材料,在界面处行成波状结合界面,很好地保证了界面强度。     

铜钢复合冷却壁在承钢高炉的应用

简要阐述了现代高炉几种冷却壁的变迁,重点阐述了铜钢复合冷却壁的特点及在承钢2500m~3高炉的应用效果。工业应用效果表明,铜钢复合冷却壁"热面"有轧制铜冷却壁传热优点,"冷面"有铸铁冷却壁抗挠曲变形的优势,有效地解决了铸铁冷却壁传热能力不足和轧制铜冷却壁水管管根容易被切断的问题。同时,铜钢复合冷却壁减少了铜的用量,降低了制造成本,在大中型高炉上具有很好的推广价值。     

高炉用铜-钢复合冷却壁传热及力学性能分析

采用热力耦合方法研究了铜层厚度和冷却水道间距对铜-钢复合冷却壁温度及应力分布的影响.以1∶1比例铜-钢复合冷却壁进行了热态试验,测试了铜-钢复合冷却壁温度分布,计算了热态试验条件下铜-钢复合冷却壁的温度分布,计算结果与试验结果基本吻合.计算结果显示,铜-钢复合冷却壁铜层厚度增加,壁体最高温度和最大等效应力减少,铜层厚度上限值为70mm;冷却水道间距减少可以降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力,当冷却水道间距小于220mm时,减少冷却水道间距对降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力作用较小.铜层厚度为60mm,冷却水道间距为220mm的铜-钢复合冷却壁在高炉热负荷较高区域工作不易发生塑性变形损坏.     

复合孔型铜冷却壁在高炉中的应用

简要介绍了国内外冷却壁技术的发展,阐述了铸铁冷却壁、钢冷却壁和铜冷却壁的特点。同时介绍了目前高炉广泛应用的铜冷却壁的种类及其特点,最后以圆孔型铜冷却壁和复合孔型铜冷却壁进行试验对比,得出复合孔型铜冷却壁具有更好的冷却性能的结论。     

铜钢复合冷却壁稳态传热分析

建立了铜钢复合冷却壁的稳态传热模型,利用ANSYS单元生死方法模拟冷却壁表面渣皮熔化行为,分析冷却壁温度分布、渣皮厚度及热负荷。结果表明:复合冷却壁附近炉气温度是影响其传热行为和渣皮厚度的主要因素;渣皮在冷却壁表面分布不均匀,随着炉气温度升高渣皮不均匀性逐渐增加;提高水速和全铜质壁体可以有效降低壁体温度,但对热负荷、渣皮厚度影响较小;在炉气温度1 200~1 400℃范围内,复合冷却壁的铜壁最高温度为125℃,承受热负荷达到82.8 kW/m2,能够满足高炉高负荷区的冷却要求。     

高炉铜冷却壁热态试验与传热性能优化

 通过1∶1的实际高炉铜冷却壁的热态试验,证明复合扁孔形冷却水通道的铜冷却壁不但可满足高炉正常生产的需要,还具备较强的冷却能力和节水等优点。建立了铜冷却壁三维数学模型,通过数值模拟方法,对比多种形状冷却水通道的铜冷却壁的热态特性,分析和优化了复合扁孔形通道铜冷却壁的传热性能。     

铜钢复合冷却壁热力耦合分析

采用ANSYS建立铜钢复合冷却壁的传热和热应力模型,分析稳定挂渣及渣皮脱落后的温度和热应力分布.结果表明,炉气温度是影响壁体温度、渣皮厚度、热负荷和应力状态的主要因素.在稳定挂渣时,铜壁最高温度为124℃,热负荷81.1 kW/m2,变形量比铜质冷却壁有所减少.在渣皮脱落后,铜壁温度和应力快速上升,5 min后趋向稳定.在冷却壁裸露的情况下,铜壁和钢板之间仍然保持牢固结合.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

抗腐蚀高强耐磨涂料研发与应用

介绍了抗腐蚀高强度耐磨涂料的研制和开发，以及用作柳钢球团回转烘干机刮板保护涂层的应用效果。