伦敦旧城更新浅议

本文以伦敦老城的城市更新为便,通过对伦敦城市历史的简介和城内三人区域更新案例的分析,探讨城市更新的思路及对中国城市设计的启发.     

伦敦城市更新中的伙伴合作机制

伙伴合作将区级政府、社区代表和志愿纳入理事会,同时吸收商业机构和小业主代表,构成具有广泛代表性的组织,目前已成为推动英国伦敦城市更新的主要机制。     

Towards a greater urban geography: regional planning and associational networks in London during the early twentieth century

This article examines commitment to the regional development of London as it emerged among individuals and groups interested in urban planning in the early twentieth century. Following a brief account of growth and reform in the capital during the nineteenth century, this article focuses on the development of debates about planning the metropolis in the first two decades of the century, exploring practical initiatives such as the Town Planning Conference held in 1910 and the production of The London Society's Development Plan for Greater London during the years of the First World War. London's associational culture was central in generating and hosting discussions about the future of the city during this period and the article provides an indication of the extent of overlapping memberships between groups such as the Royal Institute of British Architects, The London Society and the Town Planning Institute. In conclusion, this article suggests that the regional imagination, central to the later development of planning, was clearly visible in the programme of work undertaken during the First World War and that associational networks were an important part of early professionalization in planning in Britain.     

伦敦2012年奥运会场馆建设综述

英国伦敦为举办2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会,两年多来其奥运场馆和相关设施的规划和设计正在按计划逐步展开,并将步入实质建设阶段。本文从不同层面介绍了伦敦奥运会建设的概况和最新进展,并对北京和伦敦两座城市的奥运会规划以及它们对城市长远发展的影响进行了分析比较。     

英国城市设计：1980年代至今的概要式回顾

本文探讨了在城市研究中城市设计作为一种公共政策的理论依据和相关争论，进而回顾了在城市复兴大背景下英国城市设计演变的三个重要阶段：1980-1990年代、1990年代-2009年、2010年至今。在不同的阶段，英国城市复兴面临各不相同的复杂性及问题，由此产生不同的城市政策，对城市设计形成不同的需求并导致差异化的空间结果。本文着重对2010年以来“后衰退时期”中伦敦的城市设计进行了详细的介绍，由此批判性地总结出三十几年来英国城市设计的“得与失”，并为转型期中国城市的发展概括出相关镜鉴意义。     

转轨时期俄罗斯城市规划管理体制

本文论述了前苏联城市规划管理的经验,俄罗斯对其经验的继承。在新的政治、社会、经济形势下,在由计划经济向市场经济的转轨过程中,俄罗斯城市规划管理体制所面临的问题及其对策。     

From planning to opportunism? Re-examining the creation of the London Docklands Development Corporation

East London's former docklands have been at the centre of planning and regeneration debates for the past four decades. The setting up of the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) has been variously interpreted as ‘3-D Thatcherism’ in action, a symbol of the death of comprehensive planning and the replacement of a corporatist, Keynesian era of urban policy with a more neoliberal approach. Moving away from simplistic and straightforward interpretations of the processes happening at this time, this article uses new archival and interview material to re-examine the setting up of the LDDC and its early years, revealing a more complex and contradictory picture than existing accounts suggest. It focuses on three themes: changing forms of state intervention; the uncertain ‘break’ in the post-war consensus as evidenced by the changes in approaches to the regeneration of Docklands; and the unintended, disordered process of actual policy change. As such we aim to reveal how shifting visions, modes of governance and practices could compete and co-exist in the midst of seemingly coherent ‘eras’, as Docklands as a place and as an approach to regeneration was constantly made and re-made – a process that continues to this day.     

英国航空公司伦敦眼的结构和建造

壮观的英国航空公司伦敦眼，亦称为千年轮，是为了迎接新千年而建造的，一经建成即成为伦敦的标志和工程界的节日庆典。这个122米直径的世界上最大的观光轮是伦敦第四高建筑物，数百万人借助它欣赏了伦敦的胜景并为其本身所惊叹。由于严格的时间表，真正的泛欧洲六个国家的参与，受限制的现场和众多不寻常的技术挑战，伦敦眼的完成完全体现了有幸参与此项目的人员的最优秀的素质。本文将对伦敦眼做一简短介绍，主要介绍其结构和建造过程。     

伦敦中心区“交通拥挤收费”的运作效果、最新进展与相关思考

在对伦敦交通拥挤收费计划的实施背景进行简要回顾的基础之上,综合诸多研究跟踪报告资料,从交通流量、拥挤水平、经济影响、绕行交通等关键侧面,分析和介绍该政策的实际运作效果及其最新进展;进一步证明城市公共政策的制定具有复杂性和系统性,维护公众利益是城市公共政策的首要法则;应注意交通拥挤收费政策的适用性,需要因地制宜,切忌照搬。     

我国小城镇建设中的城市规划决策问题探析——以哈尔滨市道外区团结镇为例

本文提出在高速城市化进程中我国小城镇城市规划决策所面临的核心问题,结合哈尔滨市团结镇小城镇建设实例,归纳我国小城镇城市规划决策的依据与取向,利用可拓学创新小城镇城市规划决策中的思维模式,并探讨适合我国国情的小城镇规划策略。     

Urban growth and strategic spatial planning in Johannesburg,South Africa

The article examines the way strategic spatial planning in the City of Johannesburg has attempted to reshape existing and emerging spatial patterns of a divided sprawling city, focusing particularly on current initiatives to link spatial planning and infrastructure development through the growth management strategy. The strategy has been well institutionalised in the municipality, with strong political support and links to budgets. New public transport systems are being introduced, linked to spatial plans, although some of these developments have been contested. While the property industry is responding positively to some aspects of planning, moving towards greater spatial equity remains challenging. The planning-infrastructure link seems to be strengthening planning, but it is a demanding approach which requires a very different form of planning than the traditional master planning.     

Urban growth: Changes,management, and problems in large cities of Southeast China

Compared with medium-sized cities, megacities play an increasingly important role in the rapid urbanization process in China. Owing to the expanding scale of large cities, urban sprawl leads to unsustainable practices that cause ecological, social, and environmental problems. Urban planning and land use planning are major driving forces of land use and land cover change in China. However, the goals of these two types of planning are different, and coordinating them is a challenge for local government decision makers. Thus, we use the SLEUTH model to simulate the implementation scenarios of future urban growth in Nanjing in the Jiangsu province of China. Using the scientific simulation data of the model, we contrasted the alternative futures of the two planning types for local government decision makers to achieve sustainable urban planning.The objective of our study is to explore the problems and possible solutions for urban management in the context of amegacity in China. The results of our study confirm the value of SLEUTH, which provid esextensive exploratory knowledge in evaluating the effects of possible local government decisions.     

The hidden costs of gentrification: Displacement in central London

This paper explores the process of displacement fromgentrification in three areas in central London. Taking as itsfocus the recent stress in policy documents on the need for mixedcommunities, the paper argues that extensive gentrification inthe case study areas threatens the sustainability of communitynetworks and of those services which excluded groups rely on.Drawing on disparate sources of data, the paper pieces together apicture of the scale and experience of displacement. It arguesthat there is a need to rethink the laissez faire policytoward neighbourhoods and the desirability with which many viewinfluxes of wealthy households into previously poor areas.     

城市形象营销与旗舰工程建设—以伦敦的千年工程项目为例

在介绍当代城市形象营销宏观背景的基础上,分析城市形象营销策略的主要特征,并深入剖析伦敦３个千年工程的策划目标和实际经营状况。     

Symbolic capital: the London and Westminster Bank headquarters, 1836-38

This paper develops the theme of architecture as symbolic capital, by presenting a detailed story of the design, building and reaction to the London and Westminster Bank's new headquarters in the early 19th-century City of London. In developing a detailed contextual account of the place of this banking institution within the City's changing urban landscape, the paper points to the specific ways in which the architecture of its new headquarters symbolized a struggle for recognition within a hostile and private world. A subtext to the main narrative suggests that the aesthetics of this new bank building played a deeper ideological role too, negotiating the complex and inherently unstable qualities of money itself.     

收缩治理的理论模型、国际比较和关键政策领域研究

如何保障城市在人口收缩情景下实现平稳的发展转型,已经成为城市治理研究的重要课题。从长历史时期和大空间尺度看,城市的增长和收缩是高度关联的过程。基于这一点认识,文章首先解释了收缩城市文献中常引用的三种理论模型:生命周期模型、启发式模型和政治经济模型,它们为学者理解、总结和归纳收缩治理政策提供了三种截然不同的理论维度。其次,在综述大量案例研究的基础上,本文对美国、德国、法国、日本和中东欧部分国家的收缩治理模式进行了国际比较,分析其城市收缩特点、关键政策行动以及决策形成过程中的内外部条件。最后,本文在发掘全球收缩城市共性问题的基础上,结合我国城市收缩的现实情况,提炼出对我国收缩治理具有借鉴价值的三个政策领域:福利治理、形态管控和吸引力提升。     

雕塑城市——深圳城市雕塑发展战略与规划引导策略探索

在总结国内外城市与雕塑关系发展的基础上,分析深圳城市雕塑发展现状,提出深圳城市雕塑发展战略和规划引导策略两个层面的城市雕塑规划建议,以此希望对今后其他城市的雕塑规划与雕塑发展计划提供有益的借鉴。     

城市空间组织研究的回顾与展望

城市空间组织是城市中各种人类活动和功能组织在地域空间上的投影,是城市发展程度、阶段与过程的空间反映,因而成为城市科学各分支学科研究的重要内容之一。着重回顾了城市地理学和城市规划学对城市空间组织的研究历程及其理论成果,并根据当前社会经济和城市发展的新特点,对未来的研究方向和研究重点进行展望。