Performance analysis of computer aided brain tumor detection system using ANFIS classifier

The abrupt changes in brain cells due to the environmental effects or genetic disorders leads to form the abnormal lesions in brain. These abnormal lesions are combined as mass and known as tumor. The detection of these tumor cells in brain image is a complex task due to the similarities between normal cells and tumor cells. In this paper, an automated brain tumor detection and segmentation methodology is proposed. The proposed method consists of feature extraction, classification and segmentation. In this paper, Grey Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Law's texture features are used as features. These features are fed to Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier as input pattern, which classifies the brain image. Morphological operations are now applied on the classified abnormal brain image to segment the tumor regions. The proposed system achieves 95.07% of sensitivity, 99.84% of specificity and 99.80% of accuracy for tumor segmentation.     

A computer aided design system for artistic Chinese fonts

Abstract

The design of artistic fonts for characters is used for producing special visual effects via the shape and color changes on the character fonts. The various changes on the shapes of fonts can be achieved by changing the boundary curves of fonts which are represented by spline functions. In this paper, we focus our attention on the Chinese character fonts. A mathematical simulation of simplifying two dimensional and three dimensional surface projection is provided. The implementation of the system is presented with illustrative examples.     

面向并行工程的CAD系统研究

本文在ＣＩＭＳ环境下，以非回转体零件特征造型的基础上，其非回转体零件－－箱体对对象，应用并行工程技术，开发基于特征的三产体制造型系统。在生成工程图纸的同时更有效地与后续工序ＣＡＰＰ、ＣＡＭ进行信息集成。提供了一个更高层次的二次开发系统。     

A computer aided system for stimulating weld metal solidification crack

A computer-aided system for simulating weld solidification crack has been developed by which a welding engineer can carry out the welding solidification crack simulation on the basis of a commercial finite element analysis software package. Its main functions include calculating the heat generations of the moving are, mesh generation, calculating stress-strain distributions with element rebirth technique.     

A manufacturing system design framework for computer aided industrial engineering

This paper describes a framework that formalizes within a concurrent engineering approach the key steps in the process of manufacturing systems design. Many of the functions performed by industrial engineers, ergonomists and process planners are included in the framework and may be used iteratively as design detail is progressively added. The paper describes the framework and prototype software, indicates how the framework is evaluated and illustrates how a workplace may be designed. The emphasis of the work is the design of human centred manual assembly systems. The overall objective of the work is to improve the process of manufacturing systems design.     

形状记忆合金线性回复性能及其计算机辅助测试系统

提出了形状记忆合金线性回复行为的新概念,定义了评价线性回复行为的性能指标.介绍了形状记忆合金弹簧线性回复性能的计算机辅助测试系统.简略介绍了采用常规热处理和稀土表面化学热处理的方法,对TiNi形状记忆合金线性回复性能的影响.     

CAQFD概念设计专家系统模式的研究

质量功能配置(QFD）对满足用户需求的产品概念设计提供了一种切实可行的方法。探讨了计算机辅助QFD概念设计专家系统的设计模型和计算机实现的关键技术。对用户需求信息的获取方法进行了研究,构建了用户需求知识表达的拓扑结构。从知识工程的角度,提出了基于数据库的知识表达模式和推理方式,设计了专家系统的知识推理过程。最后以高速专用磨床的主轴前支承轴承的概念设计为例,进行了系统的应用验证,取得了满意的效果。     

钢格板计算机辅助设计与优化排料系统研究与开发

钢格栅板广泛应用于建筑、化工、水利等领域。钢格板设计与生产流程普遍存在的诸多问题影响了企业的生产效率。系统通过集成自动布板、工作量统计与优化排料等功能对钢格板设计、生产流程进行全程优化,显著提高了钢格板的设计生产效率。结合某应用实例验证本系统的实用性和可靠性。     

Residual stress measurements of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) machined dental ceramics

Residual stress analysis is becoming more important in terms of understanding the strength and fatigue behaviour of ceramic materials. The residual stresses after computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) machining according to dental practice were analysed for two different kinds of dental ceramics, a feldspathic porcelain and a glass-ceramic. A mechanical strain gauge element was used to measure the deformation of dental test inlays during material removal by etching the surface of the sample. From these data the residual stress depth profile could be calculated for crystalline as well as amorphous materials. The strain gauge results were compared to X-ray diffraction data. The depth profile of the residual stress for both ceramics showed compressive stress at the surface of the machined ceramics, changing towards tensile stress at a depth of 10 to 15 μm from the surface. Ceramics with pronounced plastic deformation behaviour in CAD/CAM machining revealed higher residual stresses as well as a more distinct stress anisotropy in terms of grinding direction. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电动自行车1∶1性能计算机辅助检测系统的研究

为满足电动自行车的发展需要,研发了一种用于电动自行车1∶1性能检测的计算机辅助系统.在介绍该系统体系结构及其功能的基础上,通过对1∶1性能检测理论、高性能测控系统、高柔性化的机器脚模块和强电磁干扰背景下目标信号提取及数据处理等关键技术的研究,参照日本雅马哈公司的<带辅助驱动电机的电动车型式检验规程>,成功开发了这种电动自行车1∶1性能计算机辅助检测系统,并已投放市场进行了应用.长时间的运行表明,提出的方案是可行和有效的,所开发的系统具有高效、高精和高鲁棒性的特点,适合型式和出厂检验的应用需求.     

An interactive approach to computer aided facility layout

In all manufacturing and service industries the layout of facilities is an important determinant of operating efficiency and costs. Whenever the flow of materials or people is complex, computerized procedures offer the only feasible means of developing and evaluating alternative arrangements.

This paper describes an interactive approach to construction and improvement procedures which utilizes a refresh graphics terminal (IMLAC)linked to a PRIME 400 computer. Input includes projected materials flow, estimates of material handling costs, 2-D templates of machines, etc., and an initial layout which can be either existing, proposed, or constructed using the procedure INLAYT. A heuristic procedure, S-ZAKY, utilizes multi-pairwise facility exchange to develop improved layouts based upon an analysis of materials flow. The improved layout is displayed in detail alongside the initial layout at the graphics terminal together with relevant material handling costs. The user may then accept, reject or modify the improved layout using the light-pen attached to the terminal before proceeding to successive iterations until satisfied. An economic evaluation of the projected savings in material handling costs against costs of relayout may be displayed at each iteration. On completion, a fully documented record including drawings may be obtained for every stage in the. procedure.     

计算机辅助技术在螺旋桨总图绘制上的应用

利用AutoCAD提供的二次开发工具VBA实现了螺旋桨总图的自动绘制,详细介绍了螺旋桨总图绘制的方法与步骤,重点从伸张轮廓的绘制、正投影轮廓的绘制和侧投影轮廓的绘制三方面说明了螺旋桨总图绘制的实现过程。并在此基础上开发了常规螺旋桨计算机辅助设计系统。该系统能提高工作效率,为船用螺旋桨的精确和高效绘图寻求了一条新的途径。     

笔记本电脑电池盖进浇方案MOLDflow分析

为了减少笔记本电脑电池盖产品的注塑缺陷和提高一次试模的成功率,提出在模具设计阶段改善产品成型质量的模具结构优化方案.应用MOLDFlow软件对电池盖产品的进浇方案进行仿真分析,分析了浇口尺寸、模具温度和成型工艺参数对填充时间、熔接线、气穴位置的影响,证实了所提改善方案的正确性,并得到优化的成型工艺参数,从而解决了电池盖的注塑缺陷问题,提升了生产效率,为模具设计人员进行模具设计以及注塑工艺人员进行工艺参数的调整提供依据.     

Lung computed axial tomography image segmentation using possibilistic fuzzy C-means approach for computer aided diagnosis system

Soft computing is an associate rising field that plays a crucial half in the area of engineering and science. One of the most significant applications of soft computing is image segmentation. It focuses on an exploiting tolerance of imprecision and uncertainty. Segmentation supported soft computing remains a difficult task within the medical field. Medical images are habitually used in the segmentation process to extract the meaningful portions and to know and clarify the condition of the particular patient. In this article, we implement an efficient possibilistic fuzzy C-means (PFCM) approach to segment the lung portion in the computed tomography (CT) image and the result shows that it improves the segmentation accuracy upto 98.5012% and results are compared with existing segmenting approaches like fuzzy possibilistic C-means method, fuzzy bitplane method and so forth. Also, the PFCM approach increases the diagnostic accuracy of the computer aided diagnosis system using CT images. The radiologist may utilize this computer aided diagnosis system results as a second opinion of their diagnosed results.     

A fast and efficient computer aided diagnostic system to detect tumor from brain magnetic resonance imaging

In this work, a simple and efficient CAD (computer‐aided diagnostic) system is proposed for tumor detection from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Poor contrast MR images are preprocessed by using morphological operations and DSR (dynamic stochastic resonance) technique. The appropriate segmentation of MR images plays an important role in yielding the correct detection of tumor. On examination of three views of brain MRI, it was visible that the region of interest (ROI) lies in the middle and its size ranges from 240 × 240 mm² to 280 × 280 mm². The proposed system makes effective use of this information and identifies four blocks from the desired ROI through block‐based segmentation. Texture and shape features are extracted for each block of all MRIs in the training set. The range of these feature values defines the threshold to distinguish tumorous and nontumorous MRIs. Features of each block of an MRI view are checked against the threshold. For a particular feature, if a block is found tumorous in a view, then the other views are also checked for the presence of tumor. If corresponding blocks in all the views are found to be tumorous, then the MRI is classified as tumorous. This selective block processing technique improves computational efficiency of the system. The proposed technique is well adaptive and fast, and it is compared with well‐known existing techniques, like k‐means, fuzzy c‐means, etc. The performance analysis based on accuracy and precision parameters emphasizes the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work.     

A computer system for analysis of chromatographic data

Marshall, R.J., Bleasby, A.J., Turner, R. and Cooper, E.H., 1987. A computer system for analysis of chromatographic data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 1: 285–295.An interactive computer program (CHAS) for chromatogram processing is described. CHAS is a FORTRAN program which has three basic functions: (a) for data management, (b) for graphical display, and (c) for chromatogram analysis. The program is designed to run off-line by accessing data from a library of chromatograms. Various types of graphical displays are available and its analytical procedures incorporate new algorithms to detect chromatogram peaks, to remove baseline drift and to compute similarities between chromatograms. We present some illustrative uses of the program for data generated by high-pressure liquid chromatography.     

Application of knowledge-based artificial immune system (KBAIS) for computer aided process planning in CIM context

In the present era, several manufacturing philosophies like lean manufacturing, total quality management (TQM), etc., have the goal of providing a quality product at reduced cost. In this research paper the process planning problem of a CIM system has been discussed where minimisation of cost of the finished product is considered as the main objective. For determining the cost of the finished product, scrap cost, forgotten by most of the previous researchers, has been considered along with other costs like raw material cost, processing cost, etc. In the present environment of concurrent engineering, optimisation of process planning is an NP-hard problem. To solve this complex problem a noble search algorithm, known as knowledge-based artificial immune system (KBAIS) has been proposed. The nobility of the proposed algorithm is that the inherent capability of AIS has been gleaned and incorporated with the property of the knowledge base. In this problem, the power of knowledge has been used for three stages in the algorithm: initialisation, selection and hyper-mutation. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed KBAIS, a bench mark problem has been considered. Intensive computational experiments have also been performed on randomly generated datasets to reveal the supremacy of the proposed algorithm over other existing heuristics.     

Incorporation of high recyclability material selection in computer aided design

Manufacturing are now under increasing pressure of tighten environmental legislation to preserve natural resources. Product design, as a part of manufacturing activities, has to be more concern to deliver product specification with reduced environmental impact. Design for Recycling (DFR) is one of the promising approaches in prolonging material utilization of a product in the early stage of design. DFR focus on harmonizing product design with the recycling practices in order to minimize the loss of valuable materials and preventing unnecessary waste streams at the end of product’s life. In turn, it limits the usage of natural resources.To implement DFR, designers are faced with the challenge of compromising different design objectives such as cost, functional or technical requirements and product’s recyclability performance. This paper attempts to propose an intelligent approach that could facilitate designers to make an easy and quick recyclability assessment as well as selecting recyclable materials integrated with computer aided design. In this paper, the use of fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the multi-objective problem in the selection of recyclable materials. Case study on the actual conceptual design using computer aided design environment is demonstrated and showing that the proposed method successfully can be applied concurrently during product design. Comparison of proposed method with Sustainability Express Solid Work is also presented. The proposed method can assist product designers to design a high recyclability product without ignoring technical perspectives.     

The CESR computer control system

The control system for the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has functioned satisfactorily since its implementation in 1979. Key characteristics are fast tuning response, almost exclusive use of FORTRAN as a programming language, and efficient coordinated ramping of CESR guide field elements.This original system has not, however, been able to keep pace with the increasing complexity of operation of CESR associated with performance upgrades. Limitations in address space, expandability, access to data system-wide, and program development impediments have prompted the undertaking of a major upgrade. The system under development accommodates up to 8 VAX computers for all applications programs. The database and communications semaphores reside in a shared multi-ported memory, and each hardware interface bus is controlled by a dedicated 32 bit micro-processor in a VME based system.