Soft-decision decoding of Reed-Muller codes: a simplified algorithm

Soft-decision decoding is considered for general Reed-Muller (RM) codes of length n and distance d used over a memoryless channel. A recursive decoding algorithm is designed and its decoding threshold is derived for long RM codes. The algorithm has complexity of order nlnn and corrects most error patterns of the Euclidean weight of order radicn/lnn, instead of the decoding threshold radicd/2 of the bounded distance decoding. Also, for long RM codes of fixed rate R, the new algorithm increases 4/pi times the decoding threshold of its hard-decision counterpart     

Minimisation of multioutput Reed-Muller binary decision diagramsusing hybrid genetic algorithm

Results are presented for efficient variable ordering of Reed-Muller binary decision diagrams for large multioutput multilevel Boolean functions. A hybrid genetic algorithm which combines genetic and heuristic techniques is employed. Test results are given for benchmark examples of up to 128 inputs and 109 outputs     

基于或-符合运算Reed-Muller展开系数的对称变量检测算法

针对或-符合代数系统中缺失对称变量检测的有效方法等问题,提出了该代数系统基于或-符合运算Reed-Muller展开系数的十二类变量对称性检测算法。该算法通过分析逻辑函数关于变量xi、xj展开的子函数系数矩阵和或-符合运算Reed-Muller展开系数按变量xi、xj组合分解系数矩阵的对应关系,揭示了任意两变量间各类对称性所满足的分解系数矩阵的约束条件,提出了各类逻辑变量的对称性检测步骤。应用结果表明,与传统方法相比,免去了从逻辑函数的CRM展开式变换为最小项展开式或RM展开式的变换域转换过程,也解决了在该域中图形方法检测的完备性问题,具有简单、直观、完备及适合计算机编程等优点。     

Weight enumerator for second-order Reed-Muller codes

In this paper, we establish the following result. Theorem:A_i, the number of codewords of weightiin the second-order binary Reed-Muller code of length2^mis given byA_i = 0unlessi = 2^{m-1}or2^{m-1} pm 2^{m-l-j}, for somej, 0 leq j leq [m/2], A_0 = A_{2^m} = 1, and begin{equation} begin{split} A_{2^{m-1} pm 2^{m-1-j}} = 2^{j(j+1)} &{frac{(2^m - 1) (2^{m-1} - 1 )}{4-1} } \ .&{frac{(2^{m-2} - 1)(2^{m-3} -1)}{4^2 - 1} } cdots \ .&{frac{(2^{m-2j+2} -1)(2^{m-2j+1} -1)}{4^j -1} } , \ & 1 leq j leq [m/2] \ end{split} end{equation} begin{equation} A_{2^{m-1}} = 2 { 2^{m(m+1)/2} - sum_{j=0}^{[m/2]} A_{2^{m-1} - 2^{m-1-j}} }. end{equation}     

Projective Reed-Muller codes

A class of codes in the Reed-Muller family, the projective Reed-Muller codes (PRM codes), is studied. The author defines the PRM codes of all orders and discusses their relation to polynomial codes. The exact parameters of PRM codes are given. The duals are characterized, and, in parallel to the classical works on generalized Reed-Muller codes, the cyclic properties are studied. Tables over parameters of the codes are given     

支撑向量机回归的简化SMO算法

统计学习理论中提出的支撑向量机回归(SVR)遵循了结构风险最小化原则,从而避免了一味追求经验风险最小化带来的弊端。采用扩展方法使SVR与支撑向量机分类(SVC)具有相似的数学形式,并在此基础上提出了一种用于SVR的简化SMO算法。与SVR现有的SMO算法相比,简化算法的数学形式简洁直观,在不增加算法空间和时间复杂度的前提下避免了大量繁复的判别条件,较大幅度地简化了算法实现,有利于SVR的广泛使用。     

Efficient decoding algorithms for generalized Reed-Muller codes

Previously, a class of generalized Reed-Muller (RM) codes has been suggested for use in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. These codes offer error correcting capability combined with substantially reduced peak-to mean power ratios. A number of approaches to decoding these codes have already been developed. Here, we present low complexity, suboptimal alternatives which are inspired by the classical Reed decoding algorithm for binary RM codes. We simulate these new algorithms along with the existing decoding algorithms using additive white Gaussian noise and two-path fading models for a particular choice of code. The simulations show that one of our new algorithms outperforms all existing suboptimal algorithms and offers performance that is within 0.5 dB of maximum-likelihood decoding, yet has complexity comparable to or lower than existing decoding approaches     

Concatenated Reed-Muller codes for unequal error protection

We present a new coding scheme that combines the advantages of a product-like concatenation of Reed-Muller codes with so-called iterative “turbo” decoding and provides powerful unequal error protection abilities. It is shown that various levels of error protection can be realized using a sophisticated encoding scheme for Reed-Muller codes. A discussion of this code construction, the resulting distance profile between the different levels and the iterative decoding scheme is given. The results are very promising and impressively confirm the unequal error protection capabilities of the presented coding scheme     

TETRA中Reed-Muller码的大数逻辑译码方法

TETRA数字集群移动通信系统的物理层协议中采用了缩短Reed-Muller(RM)码,它与经典RM码的差异极大,无法采用Reed大数逻辑译码算法.根据正交校验矩阵的特点,提出了一种一般线性分组码的正交校验矩阵的穷举搜索算法.使用该算法搜索了缩短RM码的正交校验矩阵,对搜索速度进行了分析.证明了该码是两步完全可正交码,给出了它的Massey大数逻辑译码方法.仿真结果表明,无论是硬判决还是软判决,该译码方法的纠错性能都优于伴随式译码方法.     

一种改进的二阶Reed-Muller译码算法

研究了一种改进的RM译码算法—改进的Sidel,nikov-Pershakov算法(简称SP算法),详细叙述了原始算法的原理以及改进算法的译码步骤,并对两种算法进行了仿真实现,对它们的译码性能和算法复杂度进行了比较。改进的译码算法复杂度略优于原始算法,而改进后的算法的译码性能明显优于原始算法。     

Trellis based code combining protocols for Reed-Muller codes

A novel code combining system based on Reed-Muller codes is presented. Because of their simple structure RM codes are simple to decode using a trellis based soft maximum likelihood decoder (SMLD). The decoder exploits the modular structure of the RM code to construct a set of nested trellises which minimise the complexity of the decoder by re-using the results of previous decoding attempts. A protocol utilising this technique to produce an efficient code combining ARQ-scheme is also introduced     

Techniques for dual forms of Reed-Muller expansion conversion

Dual Forms of Reed-Muller (DFRM) are implemented in OR/XNOR forms, which are based on the features of coincidence operation. Map folding and transformation techniques are proposed for the conversion between Boolean and DFRM expansions. However, map techniques can only be used for up to 6 variables. To overcome the limitation, serial tabular technique (STT) and parallel tabular technique (PTT) are proposed. STT deals with one variable at a time while PTT generates terms in parallel. Both tabular techniques outperform significantly published work in terms of conversion time. Methods based on on-set canonical sum-of-products minterms and canonical product-of-sums maxterms are also investigated.     

New covering radius of Reed-Muller codes for t-resilient functions

In this paper, we introduce a new covering radius of RM(r,n) from cryptography viewpoint. It is defined as the maximum distance between t-resilient functions and the rth order Reed-Muller code RM(r,n). We next derive its lower and upper bounds. We further present a table of numerical data of our bounds.     

Recursive decoding and its performance for low-rate Reed-Muller codes

Recursive decoding techniques are considered for Reed-Muller (RM) codes of growing length n and fixed order r. An algorithm is designed that has complexity of order nlogn and corrects most error patterns of weight up to n(1/2-/spl epsiv/) given that /spl epsiv/ exceeds n/sup -1/2r/. This improves the asymptotic bounds known for decoding RM codes with nonexponential complexity. To evaluate decoding capability, we develop a probabilistic technique that disintegrates decoding into a sequence of recursive steps. Although dependent, subsequent outputs can be tightly evaluated under the assumption that all preceding decodings are correct. In turn, this allows us to employ second-order analysis and find the error weights for which the decoding error probability vanishes on the entire sequence of decoding steps as the code length n grows.     

Distributed Reed-Muller Coded-Cooperative Spatial Modulation

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper proposes distributed Reed-Muller coded spatial modulation (DRMC-SM) scheme based on Kronecker product (KP) construction. This special construction...     

List decoding of q-ary Reed-Muller codes

The q-ary Reed-Muller (RM) codes RM/sub q/(u,m) of length n=q/sup m/ are a generalization of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, which use polynomials in m variables to encode messages through functional encoding. Using an idea of reducing the multivariate case to the univariate case, randomized list-decoding algorithms for RM codes were given in and . The algorithm in Sudan et al. (1999) is an improvement of the algorithm in , it is applicable to codes RM/sub q/(u,m) with u相似文献   

Weighted Reed-Muller codes and algebraic-geometric codes

A generalization of the Reed-Muller codes, the weighted Reed-Muller codes, is presented. The code parameters are estimated and the duals are shown also to be weighted Reed-Muller codes. It is shown how the minimum distance of certain algebraic-geometric codes in many cases can be determined exactly or an upper bound can be found, using subcodes which are weighted Reed-Muller codes     

Performance of Reed-Muller codes and a maximum-likelihood decodingalgorithm for OFDM

The performance of Reed-Muller encoding and a maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is presented. The example codes have a tightly bounded peak-to-mean envelope power ratio, while simultaneously enabling powerful error correction. We present a maximum-likelihood decoder that makes use of a distance-preserving map and multiple fast Hadamard transforms. Its operation is described in detail and its performance is assessed under realistic channel conditions     

Soft-decision majority decoding of Reed-Muller codes

We present a new soft-decision majority decoding algorithm for Reed-Muller codes RM(r,m). First, the reliabilities of 2^m transmitted symbols are recalculated into the reliabilities of 2^m-r parity checks that represent each information bit. In turn, information bits are obtained by the weighted majority that gives more weight to more reliable parity checks. It is proven that for long low-rate codes RM(r,m), our soft-decision algorithm outperforms its conventional hard-decision counterpart by 10 log₁₀(π/2)≈2 dB at any given output error probability. For fixed code rate R and m→∞, our algorithm increases almost 2^r/2 times the correcting capability of soft-decision bounded distance decoding     

Input irredundancy of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller equations

Mixed-polarity Reed-Muller equations are an alternative to the traditional sum-of-products form for the representation of switching functions. The reduction of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller equations is considered with respect to ensuring input irredundancy