环氧树脂电子封装材料的研究现状和发展趋势

电子封装材料包括金属基封装材料、陶瓷基封装材料和高分子封装材料。其中高分子封装材料（主要为环氧树脂）以其在成本和密度方面的优势在封装材料中一枝独秀,有95％的封装都由环氧树脂来完成。环氧树脂作为集成电路的支撑材料,有着极大的市场容量。随着集成电路的集成度越来越高,布线日益精细化,芯片尺寸小型化以及封装速度的提高,以前的环氧树脂已不能满足性能要求,为适应现代电子封装的要求,电子级环氧树脂应具有优良耐热耐湿性、高纯度低应力低张膨胀系数等特性,以适应未来电子封装的要求。本文以此为环氧树脂封装材料的发展方向,着重论述了环氧树脂电子封装材料的研究现状和发展趋势。     

IC封装环氧塑封料用商业化环氧树脂与酚醛固化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在集成电路(IC)封装用环氧塑封料(epoxy molding compounds,EMC)相关商业化环氧树脂与酚醛固化剂领域的研究与应用情况.介绍了先进IC封装对EMC的性能需求以及EMC的研 究与开发趋势.综述了先进EMC研制与开发过程中所用环氧树脂与酚醛固化剂的研究进展,着重阐述了多芳环本征阻燃...     

六苯胺环三磷腈的制备及其对大规模集成电路封装用环氧模塑料的无卤阻燃

采用滴加工艺,制备了六苯胺基环三磷腈(HPACTPZ),对合成工艺进行了优化,并对其进行了FTIR、NMR表征和分析.采用自制的HPACTPZ作为阻燃剂,制备了无卤阻燃的大规模集成电路封装用环氧树脂模塑料(EMC).结果表明,HPACTPZ对环氧树脂具有优异的阻燃作用,所制备的EMC可达到UL-94 V0级阻燃性能,其氧指数达到35.8%,阻燃性能大大优于传统含溴阻燃体系,同时HPACTPZ加快了环氧树脂的固化反应,可用于制备快速固化及无后固化的大规模集成电路封装用EMC.     

六苯氧基环三磷腈的合成及对IC封装用EMC的无卤阻燃

采用滴加工艺,制备了六苯氧基环三磷腈,探索出了较佳的合成工艺,并对其进行了FT-IR表征和分析。采用自制的六苯氧基环三磷腈作为阻燃剂,制备了无卤阻燃的大规模集成电路封装用环氧树脂模塑料（EMC）。结果表明,六苯氧基环三磷腈对环氧树脂具有较好的阻燃作用,所制备的EMC可达到UL-94 V0级阻燃性能,其氧指数达到33.1%,阻燃性能大大优于传统含溴阻燃体系,可用于制备大规模集成电路封装用EMC。     

电子塑封用脂环族环氧树脂研究进展

结合电子封装的现状、电子塑封材料的发展以及电子封装对塑封材料提出的高性能要求,介绍了新型脂环族环氧树脂及其作为塑封材料的应用前景,其包括耐热型液体、含磷三官能团型、有机硅多官能团脂环族环氧树脂。同时简略介绍了脂环族环氧树脂增韧改性研究动向。     

电子封装用环氧树脂凸现商机

封装材料有金属基封装材料、陶瓷封装材料和高分子封装材料。其中高分子封装材料(主要为环氧树脂)以其在成本和密度方面的优势在封装材料中一枝独秀,有95％的封装都由环氧树脂来完成。 我国半导体集成电路的市场规模不断扩大,预计2005年全国集成电路的销售额占全球市场的份额将从目前的不足1％上升到2％～3％。据信息产业部和国际权威机构对我国各类整机用集成电路的需求量预测,我国集成电路2003年的需求量将为335亿块,到2010年中国将成为世界     

环氧树脂电子封装胶研究进展

综述了环氧树脂作为电子封装材料的优点和研究进展,对环氧树脂作为电子封装材料的发展方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

用作电子部件封装材料的聚苯硫醚

现在用作电容器、电阻器、晶体管、集成电路等的封装材料都是采用聚硅氧烷、环氧树脂等热固性树脂。最近采用聚苯硫醚热塑性树脂作为电子封装材料已收到一定效果,并开始为人们所重视。用热固性树脂作封装材料有下面的存在问题:     

固化剂用量对集成电路封装材料固化行为的影响

用酚醛树脂为固化剂,2-甲基咪唑为固化促进剂,制备了集成电路封装用环氧树脂模塑料(EMC)。用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了固化剂用量对EMC固化行为的影响。利用Kissinger,Crane和Ozawa方程计算出了EMC的固化活化能、反应级数等固化反应动力学参数,推导出了固化过程的凝胶化温度、固化温度、后处理温度等最佳固化工艺条件。结果认为:随着固化剂用量增加,活化能降低;该研究为EMC塑料的配方优化和集成电路封装工艺提供了基础数据。     

环氧树脂在半导体器件中的应用及发展

本文对环氧树脂在半导体,尤其是集成电路封装中的应用进行了介绍,同时对目前国外各种改性环氧树脂以及塑封材料中所用二氧化硅的合成等方面的发展进行了简述。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。