从腐泥土型红土镍矿制备共掺杂MgFe2O4物相转化规律及催化性能

采用酸浸-水热-煅烧法从腐泥土型红土镍矿中制备磁性多金属共掺杂型MgFe₂O₄异相类芬顿(Fenton)催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积及孔径分布测定(BET-BJH)等手段, 考察了煅烧温度对所制备产物结构、形貌和比表面积及孔径分布的影响, 并研究了所制备产物作为异相Fenton催化剂降解罗丹明B (RhB)溶液的催化活性.结果表明, 水热合成产物为层状双(多)金属氢氧化物和尖晶石型MgFe₂O₄复合物.通过300℃的煅烧, 层状双(多)金属氢氧化物就能分解并生成MgFe₂O₄; 随着煅烧温度的提高, 产物结晶度增加、粒径尺寸变大, 形貌逐渐生长为近球型颗粒且分散度渐渐提高, 同时介孔数量减少、比表面积减小.经过500℃煅烧的试样H-C500显示出优异的催化降解活性.在体系反应温度为45℃、pH值为6.44、催化剂用量为0.625 g·L-1且H₂O₂体积分数为1.0%的条件下, 经过300 min, 10 mg·L-1的罗丹明B溶液降解率可达到97.8%, 同时总有机碳(TOC)去除率达到77.8%.重复使用3次后, 催化剂仍能保持较高活性, 降解率和TOC去除率减少量分别少于3.0%和5.0%.      

Foamability of MgAl2O4 (Spinel)-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites

A novel foamable aluminum alloy has been developed. It contains sub-micron-sized MgAl₂O₄ (spinel) particles that are generated in situ by a reaction of SiO₂ with a molten Al-Mg alloy. The study involves an optimization of parameters such as Mg concentration, SiO₂ particles size, and reaction time and shows that a composite containing MgAl₂O₄ particles as chief reinforcement in the matrix leads to effective foaming. Composites containing large sized transition phases and particle agglomerates in the matrix yield poor foam structure. The best foamable composite obtained contained 3.4 vol. pct of ultrafine (80 nm to 1 μm) MgAl₂O₄ particles uniformly distributed in an Al-Si alloy matrix. The corresponding metal foam contained 75 pct porosity and exhibited a uniform distribution of cells.     

SPS法制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料研究

将纳米级A12O3以体积分数为1％的配比与微米级Cu粉混合均匀后,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)法,分别在750、800和850℃进行烧结制备复合材料;将同样的混合粉末采用冷压烧结制备复合材料作为对比.分别测试材料的密度、硬度、导电率,并进行SEM扫描电镜分析.结果表明:在所选择试验参数下,烧结温度为800℃ SPS烧结试样具有最高的相对密度,达到99.17％,硬度与导电率也最高;与冷压烧结制备的材料相比,SPS法制备的试样硬度和导电率更高;SPS烧结试样晶粒均匀细小,并出现了孪晶.     

ZnFe2O4与CaCl2氯化反应机理

利用CaCl₂为氯源与含锌冶金粉尘的重要组分ZnFe₂O₄进行反应,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了ZnFe₂O₄粉体与CaCl₂反应面和反应产物微观形貌的变化,讨论了ZnFe₂O₄与CaCl₂的反应机理.认为反应过程包括一个固液反应和气体挥发过程.ZnFe₂O₄颗粒被熔融CaCl₂包裹,在固液界面发生氯化反应,生成的ZnCl₂溶解在CaCl₂液膜中,并在气液界面挥发逸出,而CaFe₂O₄的产物层不断增大,同时伴随着多个颗粒间的黏结和融合长大.     

Citric Gel Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Ce^3＋-Activated SrGa2O4 Phosphor

Ce^3＋-activated SrGa2O4 phosphor was synthesized by a method of citric gel,wherein citric acid served as a chelate agent,and the as-synthesized powder was calcined in a slightly reduced ambient.The crystallization characteristics of the sample varied with the calcining temperature.Compared with the phosphor prepared by the solid-state reaction,the phosphor synthesized by citric gel was calcined at a relatively lower temperature.Consequently,the volatilization of Ga2O3 during high-temperature calcining process was avoided.The typical double-peak emission of Ce^3＋ originated from 2D（5d）→4F5/2（4f）,and 2D（5d）→4F7/2（4f）was observed,and the intrinsic emission of SrGa2O4 host was much restricted.The emission intensity varied with the calcining temperature because the different crystallinity and the optimal concentration of Ce-dopant was determined at 3%.     

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

辊轧成型工艺制备ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的性能及结构

采用辊轧工艺,制成了素坯密度较高的氧化锆增韧氧化铝复合陶瓷,并对其性能和结构分别进行了研究。利用多种粒径的粉体混合、多种增韧方式来设计复相陶瓷的显微结构,得到了最佳配比和最佳烧结工艺条件下的ZrO₂/nmAl₂O₃/μmAl₂O₃复相陶瓷。此陶瓷在1550℃下烧结,得到优良的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。     

机械合金化制备Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层及其性能研究

通过机械合金化在室温下于304不锈钢表面成功制得Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层。通过相关实验分析了复合涂层的组织形貌、显微硬度及高温氧化性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的增加,涂层厚度先增加后减小;当球磨时间为8h时,涂层最为致密,平均厚度约为200μm;当球磨时间为14h时,涂层部分剥落,涂层厚度减小。涂层的显微硬度明显高于基体,且从表层到基体呈梯度下降,最高显微硬度值达HV0.1525,为基体硬度的2倍多。Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能良好。     

高能球磨对La2/3Ca1/3MnO3晶体结构和磁性的影响

通过在传统的烧结工艺上加上球磨工艺制备了单相La     

The thermal decomposition of Mn2O3 and the reduction of Mn3O4 by C and CO

The thermal decomposition of Mn₂O₃ was studied at 1000°. The rate of decomposition was inherently fast and dependent on the mass-transfer characteristics of the geometry used. The rate of reduction of Mn₃O₄ by CO, coconut charcoal, coke, and pure graphite was investigated in the temperature range 900 to 1200°. It was found that the rate of reduction in CO was fast and that the overall rate of reduction by carbon was determined by the oxidation of the carbon by CO₂. In general the rate was higher for higher tempera tures and for smaller particle sizes of the oxide and the carbon. Gases such as He, Ar, or N₂ were found to decrease the rate because of the dilution effect due to back diffusion into the interparticle pores of the oxide-carbon mixture. It was further found that the oxidation of carbon by CO₂ was catalyzed by Mn₃O₄. This effect was particularly pronounced when the reductant was either graphite or coke.     

不同钛含量的钢与Al2O3和MgAl2O4界面润湿行为

高温下钢液中会生成大量的非金属夹杂物,对钢的浇铸工艺和钢产品性能产生不利影响。通过研究高钛钢与夹杂物的界面润湿行为,以期为高钛钢成分设计以及夹杂物的控制研究提供理论依据。以不同钛含量的钢样品以及Al₂O₃和MgAl₂O₄为研究对象,采用改进后的座滴法进行高温润湿试验得到表观接触角;通过电子探针对样品界面的微观形貌和元素进行表征,并结合热力学计算对钢与夹杂物的界面润湿行为进行解释。当钢中钛质量分数分别为0.01%、0.31%和0.68%时,Al₂O₃/钢润湿系统的表观接触角分别为96°、90°和112°,润湿后的样品界面均匀,无新反应相的存在和明显的元素富集。MgAl₂O₄/钢润湿系统的表观接触角分别为113°、106°和130°;低钛含量(w(Ti)=0.01%)时,界面无反应相生成,高钛含量时,界面存在不连续的反应层,为MgS、MgO、Ti₄S₂C₂     

Photorefractive Properties of Potassium Lithium Niobate Crystals with CeO2 and Nd2O3

KLN and Ce：Nd：KLN crystals were gown by Czochralski method and polarized into single ferroelectrics domain along c-axis. The properties of KLN and Ce：Nd：KLN crystals, such as Curie temperature, Raman spectra, exponential gain coefficient （Г） and thin crystal sheet effect, were measured. The results showed that the two spectra resembling Ce：Nd：KLN crystal were of tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, the exponential gain coefficient of Ce：Nd：KLN crystal was higher than that of KLN crystals and Ce：Nd：KLN crystal had thin crystal sheet effect, for its exponential gain coefficient increasing with crystal sheet thinning. The thin crystal sheet effect of Ce：Nd：KLN crystal was also discussed.     

Purification of Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 by Extraction Chromatography Using 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphos-phonate Resin

The optimum conditions for extraction chromatography using 2ethyl-hexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonate resin to separate thulium, yetterbium and luticium were studied. According to the proposed procedure, several grams of yetterbium oxide （purity = 99.95%） and luticium oxide （purity = 99.90%） were separated from the mixed heavy rare earth oxides on laboratory scale. Their relatively high recoveries （99% and 95% for Yb₂O₃ and Lu₂O₃ respectively） may be satisfactory.     

Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Er2O3-Doped ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling

The microstructure, electrical properties and density of ZnO-based varistor ceramics with different Er2O3 content prepared by high-energy ball milling （HEBM） and sintered at 800℃ were investigated. With increasing Er2O3 content, the ZnO grain size decreases due to the Er-rich phases inhibiting grain growth ; and nonlinear coefficient （ α ） decreases because of the decrease of barrier height （φB） The breakdown voltage （Eb） and density increase, whereas leakage current （IL） decreases with increasing Er2O3 content. The barrier height （φB）, donor concentration （Nd）, density of interface states （Ns） decrease and barrier width （ω） increases with increasing Er2O3 content due to acceptor effect of Er2O3 in varistor ceramics.     

Cu/V0.97W0.03O2复合材料的组织及性能

采用粉末冶金法制备Cu/V0.97W0.03O2复合材料,通过场发射扫描电镜及能谱分析研究复合材料的表面形貌与成分组成,用X-ray衍射分析复合材料中各相在室温下的晶体结构,并利用涡流电导仪测试在变温过程中不同V0.97W0.03O2粉体含量的复合材料电导率的变化情况。结果表明:Cu/V0.97W0.03O2复合材料在0℃附近表现出电导率突变的特性,而且随复合材料中V0.97W0.03O2粉体添加量的增加,复合材料电导率突变的效果明显增加;同时,在室温下Cu/V0.97W0.03O2复合材料中V0.97W0.03O2的晶体结构与VO2高温相的结构基本相同,说明在复合材料的烧结过程中Cu与V0.97W0.03O2的晶体结构没有相互影响,但V0.97W0.03O2有少量发生分解。     

Magnetic and specific heat studies of the frustrated Er2Mn2O7 compound

A new Er2Mn2O7 compound was synthesized by the ceramic method and its crystal structure was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties were investigated using a BS2 magnetometer and the heat capacity was studied using a quantum design (PPMS). The structural study revealed that this compound was monophasic and crystallized in the monoclinic system with the P2/M space group. Magnetization measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 1.8-200 K under an applied magnetic field of 0.05 T. A crossover from a room temperature paramagnetic phase to an antiferromagnetic one at low temperature was detected from the magnetic study. The magnetic susceptibility, in the paramagnetic region above 40 K, was found to present a simple Curie-Weiss type behavior. From the specific heat (CP) measurements in magnetic fields up to 5 T, we noted the presence of a wide peak characteristic of a second order mag-neto-structural transition.     

Li4SiO4-Y2O3的溶胶-凝胶法合成及离子导电性研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Li4SiO4-xY2O3(x=0～0.5)离子导体材料,并用DTA-TG、XRD及交流阻抗等技术对样品进行了测试,结果发现用溶胶-凝胶法可降低Li4SiO4的合成温度并可提高离子的导电性,适量Y2O3的掺入可增强基质的致密性,并可提高材料的导电性能.     

铝在硫酸—草酸混合酸中的阳极氧化作用

研究了在硫酸加草酸混台溶液中铝阳极氧化膜的生长规律。发现草酸中加入少量硫酸的混合酸中恒电流密度阳极氧化时对应的电压时间关系曲线有双峰。随着硫酸浓度的增加,第二峰向第一峰靠近且持续时间缩短。提出了孔中存在硫酸和草酸竞争吸附的机制,解释了不同草酸加入量对阳极氧化曲线,膜生长速度、膜的硬度和耐磨性的影响程度基本相同的实验现象和双蜂出现的原因。     

低温燃烧合成法制备粒径相近的MnO、Mn3O4和Mn2O3纳米颗粒

通过控制硝酸盐(硝酸锰) 与有机燃料(尿素) 的摩尔比, 采用低温燃烧合成法制备了粒径相近、形貌不同的单相MnO、Mn₃O₄和Mn₂O₃纳米粒子。扫描电子显微形貌观察结果显示, 三种纳米粒子尺寸约为100 nm, 依据Mn离子价态的不同, 三种纳米粒子的形貌分别为链状、马铃薯状和球状; 热重-差热分析表明, 样品粒径大小主要取决于有机燃料的着火点; 磁性测量结果显示, 低温时MnO和Mn₂O₃粒子表现出弱铁磁性, 这主要归因于纳米颗粒表面存在未补偿的自旋。本文为制备不同价态高纯锰氧化物纳米颗粒提供了一种环境友好、工业稳定的途径。     

小颗粒氧化铈制备过程中的团聚控制

本文主要探讨在草酸沉淀法制备氧化铈的过程中,通过调节pH、采用不同的沉淀剂和添加分散剂使中间产物草酸铵铈充分分散,最后经焙烧得到分散良好的小颗粒氧化铈。