Research on flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al ahoy under hot compression deformation

The flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al alloy was studied by hot compression on a Gleeble- 1500 test machine. The experimental results indicated that the flow stress depends on the strain rate and the deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with an increase in strain rate at a given deformation temperature. The flow stress decreases with the deformation temperature increasing at a given strain rate. The relational expression among the flow stress, the swain rate, and the deformation temperature satisfies the Arrhenius equation. The deformation activation energy of 70Si30Al alloy during hot deformation is 866.27 kJ/mol from the Arrhenius equation.     

Al-Mg-Si 合金的高温流变过程动态再结晶研究

采用热力模拟试验机对Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度300～500 ℃、变形速率0.001～10 s-1下材料的动态再结晶行为。实验得到Al 0.83Mg 0.59Si合金在300～500 ℃变形时,软化机制以动态再结晶为主;流变应力会随着变形温度的降低和变形速率的升高而升高,较低变形速率下,动态再结晶行为更充分,应力软化现象更明显。统计实验所得流变应力曲线数据,建立了热变形本构方程,确定了合金热变形激活能Q为480.243 kJ/mol 。基于加工硬化率曲线,建立了其动态再结晶临界应变模型。结果表明,Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高和变形速率的降低而降低,动态再结晶是其主要的软化机制。临界应力与峰值应力存在线性关系：σc=0.85σp-5.061 58。引入Zener Hollomon参数来描述变形条件对临界条件的影响,得到临界应变与Z参数的关系为：εc=0.000 134Z0.051 64。     

GH3128合金的高温流变行为与组织演变规律

通过对GH3128合金进行热模拟压缩试验,研究了该合金在变形温度950~1150 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^-1及应变量30%~70%条件下的流变特征。通过绘制合金流变应力曲线,并基于Arrhenius模型建立了GH3128合金的本构方程。在此基础上,获取了变形量30%~65%的材料加工图,并结合GH3128合金完全再结晶条件图,明确了合金在高温变形过程中组织演变同塑性变形参数之间关系。此外,通过对碳化物的金相分析,探明了合金在热变形过程中碳化物的演变规律。结果表明:GH3128合金热加工激活能约为305 kJ/mol,合理的加工区域为:变形温度1050~1100 ℃,应变速率0.1 s^-1左右。此时合金内碳化物基本回溶,组织再结晶充分,晶粒尺寸可控制在10 μm以下。     

罐用铝材高温流变应力行为的研究

用热模拟试验方法对压力罐用铝材(简称"铝原块")进行热压缩变形,探讨了熔体处理和变形条件对该材料高温流变应力行为的影响.结果表明:经不同熔体处理的铝原块均存在稳态流变特征;应变速率达10.00s-1时,流变曲线上均出现峰值应力,即该材料出现了动态再结晶;稳态变形阶段的流变应力与应变速率或变形温度分别满足双曲正弦函数关系和Arrhenius关系;与未处理的、常规处理的铝原块相比,经高效熔体处理的铝原块的真应力值及进入稳态阶段所对应的真应变值均较小,热变形激活能也有较明显的降低;此外还求出经高效熔体处理的铝原块的高温流变应力方程.     

5A90铝锂合金Nd:YAG激光焊缝组织的晶粒形态与晶粒取向

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机进行热压缩实验,研究了TC4-DT钛合金在温度850～980℃、应变速率为0.001～10 s-1、变形量为50％条件下的热变形行为.根据应力-应变曲线分析了该合金的流变应力变化特点,建立了该合金的Arrhenius型本构方程及加工图.结果表明:流变应力随变形温度降低及应变速率增大而升高;变形温度与应变速率对TC4-DT合金应力影响显著;本实验测得的平均激活能为587.2 kJ/mol;该合金合适的加工条件为ε＜0.6 s-1,温度大于850℃.     

Research on the Hot Deformation Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy During Compression at Elevated Temperature

The flow behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical equipment. Compression tests were performed in the temperature range of 340-500 °C and in the strain rate range of 0.001-10 s^?1.The results indicate that the flow stress of the alloy increases with increasing strain rate at a given temperature, and decreases with increasing temperature at a given imposed strain rate. The relationship between flow stress and strain rate and temperature was derived by analyzing the experimental data. The constitutive equation of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by the Arrhenius relationship of the hyperbolic sine form. The values of A, n, and α in the analytical expression of strain rate are fitted to be 1.49 × 10¹⁰ s^?1, 7.504, and 0.0114 MPa^?1, respectively. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy during compression is 150.25 kJ/mol. The temperature and strain rate have great influences on microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation. According to microstructure evolution, the dynamic flow softening is mainly caused by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization in this present experiment.     

Deformation mechanism of the spray formed 70Si30Al alloy during hot compression

1. Introduction The novel spray formed 70Si30Al alloy devel-oped for electronic packaging application has excel-lent physical characteristics [1-5], which include low coefficient of thermal expansion (6.8 × 10?6 K?1) that matches with that of the chip (Si or GaAs), high thermal conductivity (120 W/m·k) that represents the efficient removal of heat, and low density (2.4 g/cm3) that satisfies the requirement of lightweight in aerospace equipment and locomotive calculator (or communication de…     

Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B钛合金的热压缩行为(英文)

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对低成本钛合金Ti-3.0Al-3.7Cr-2.0Fe-0.1B的热压缩行为进行研究。采用的应变速率分别为0.01、0.1、1.0和10s1,选用的温度分别为800、850、900和950°C,试样的变形量最大为70%。结果表明:峰值流变应力随着温度的增加和应变速率的降低而降低;根据Arrhenius公式获得该合金在本实验条件下的本构方程为ε=6.1×1012[sinh(0.0113044σ)]3.35×exp(-261719.8/RT),并得到了该合金的加工图。当应变速率大于等于1.0s1时,合金内发生动态再结晶现象,且应变速率越大动态再结晶现象越明显。     

6082铝合金的高温本构关系

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机,研究6082铝合金在350℃～500℃、应变速率10-2s-1～5s-1、最大变形程度60%条件下的热压缩变形行为。得到了高温下该铝合金的真应力-应变曲线。分析流变应力与应变速率和变形温度之间的关系,建立了高温热变形的本构关系。推导出包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数所描述的高温流变应力表达式。为减少应变的影响,建立4阶多项式对材料参数进行拟合,得到改进的本构方程,并与实验值进行对比。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度对6082铝合金流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而增大。该合金属于正应变速率敏感材料,合金热变形过程受热激活控制,激活能为145.977kJ/mol。     

锻态C-276镍基合金热变形行为及热加工图

为研究锻态C-276镍基合金的热变形行为,采用Gleeble-3180D热模拟试验机对该合金在变形温度950~1200℃以及应变速率0.01~10 s^-1条件下进行一系列热压缩实验。结果表明,合金的流变应力曲线都呈现明显的动态再结晶特征,并且流变应力随变形温度的提升或者应变速率的下降而降低。根据Arrhenius模型构建该合金峰值应力下的本构方程,得出合金的变形激活能为510.484 kJ/mol。依据材料动态模型绘制合金在0.6应变下的热加工图,并结合组织分析提出该合金最优的热加工参数为(1100℃,0.01 s^-1)以及(1150℃,0.01~1 s^-1)。另外,合金的组织变化规律表明,温度的增加或应变速率的降低能够促进合金的动态再结晶晶粒的形核与长大。     

Flow behavior of Al–6.2Zn–0.70Mg–0.30Mn–0.17Zr alloy during hot compressive deformation based on Arrhenius and ANN models

The hot deformation behavior of Al–6.2Zn–0.70Mg–0.30Mn–0.17Zr alloy was investigated by isothermal compression test on a Gleeble–3500 machine in the deformation temperature range between 623 and 773 K and the strain rate range between 0.01 and 20 s^?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with decreasing strain rate and increasing deformation temperature. Based on the experimental results, Arrhenius constitutive equations and artificial neural network (ANN) model were established to investigate the flow behavior of the alloy. The calculated results show that the influence of strain on material constants can be represented by a 6th-order polynomial function. The ANN model with 16 neurons in hidden layer possesses perfect performance prediction of the flow stress. The predictabilities of the two established models are different. The errors of results calculated by ANN model were more centralized and the mean absolute error corresponding to Arrhenius constitutive equations and ANN model are 3.49% and 1.03%, respectively. In predicting the flow stress of experimental aluminum alloy, the ANN model has a better predictability and greater efficiency than Arrhenius constitutive equations.     

考虑应变补缩的6063铝合金高温流变应力本构方程(英文)

为了建立精确模拟6063铝合金高温流变应力的本构方程,在温度为573~773 K和应变速率为0.5~50 s-1的条件下,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行等温热压缩实验。结果表明:可以采用参数Z描述温度和应变速率对6063铝合金热变形行为的影响,建立的本构方程中的材料常数(α,n,Q和A)可以表示成应变的4次多项式函数。模拟结果表明:所建立的本构方程能精确预测6063铝合金高温流变应力,因此,本构方程适合用于模拟热变形过程,如挤压和锻造,并且可以在工程应用中正确设计变形参数。     

Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr合金的热压缩行为

在变形温度为300～450 oC、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1的条件下进行热压缩试验,对Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr镁合金的热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,在热压缩变形过程中,该合金的流变应力随着变形温度和应变速率的变化而变化。在同一应变速率下,流变应力随着变形温度的增高而降低;在同一变形温度下,流变应力随着应变速率的减小而减小。该合金热压缩流变应力的本构方程可采用双曲正弦形式构建,热变形激活能Q为253 kJ/mol。     

半固态7050铝合金热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上对半固态7050铝合金进行了高温热压缩试验,研究了该合金在变形温度为420～465℃、应变速率为0.001～0.100s-1条件下的流变应力行为以及变形过程中的显微组织。结果表明,流变应力在变形初期随着应变的增大迅速增大,出现峰值应力后逐渐平稳,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着变形温度的升高而下降;流变应力可以用双曲线正弦形式的关系来描述,通过线性拟合计算出该材料的形变激活能等参数,获得流变应力的本构方程。随着变形温度升高和应变速率降低,合金中拉长的晶粒变大,合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制为动态再结晶。     

ZL270LF铝合金的热变形行为与组织演变

通过热压缩实验研究了ZL270LF铝合金在变形量为70%,温度为300~550 ℃,应变速率为 0.01~10 s^-1范围的热变形行为,建立了流变应力本构方程模型,绘制出了二维热加工图,确定了最佳热加工区域,采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）技术研究了该合金的组织演变规律。结果表明：ZL270LF铝合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,热变形激活能为309.05 kJ/mol,最优热加工区为温度470~530 ℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s^-1。该合金在热变形过程中存在3种不同的DRX机制,即连续动态再结晶（CDRX）、不连续动态再结晶（DDRX）和几何动态再结晶（GDRX）,其中CDRX是ZL270LF铝合金动态再结晶的主要机制。     

2024A铝合金高温流变行为及本构关系研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对2024A铝合金进行等温热轧,对其高温流变行为进行了研究。通过试验获得2024A铝合金在温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1时的真应力-真应变曲线。结果表明,2024A铝合金的流变应力与温度、应变速率和变形量之间呈非线性关系,流变应力随着应变速率增大而升高,随着变形温度的升高而降低。基于试验数据,分别建立考虑应变补偿的Arrhenius和修正的Johnson-Cook(M-JC)本构模型,引入统计学方法对模型精度进行量化评估:Arrhenius模型的平均相对误差和均方根误差分别为5.02%和5.88MPa,M-JC模型的平均相对误差和均方根误差分别为3.72%和5.27MPa,可见M-JC模型预测精度优于Arrhenius模型,说明M-JC模型能更为准确地描述2024A铝合金的高温轧制过程中的流变行为。     

锌合金高温变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上采用等温压缩实验研究Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金的高温流变行为,获得锌合金在变形温度为230～380℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1和变形程度为50%条件下的真应力—应变曲线,根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立锌合金的热加工图。结果表明:Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金在实验条件下具有正的应变速率敏感性,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着变形温度的升高而减小,该合金的流变应力行为可用Arrhenius方程来描述。在本研究条件下,Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金在热变形时存在一个失稳区,即应变速率0.2 s-1以上的区域;在应变速率小于0.001 s-1和340～370℃温度范围内,最大功率耗散系数为0.53,该安全区域内合金的变形机制为动态再结晶。     

7055铝合金高温塑性变形的热模拟研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机研究了7055铝合金在应变速率为0.01、0.1和1s-1、变形温度为300～450℃,最大真应变为0.7条件下的高温塑性变形行为,分析了合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,计算了合金高温塑性变形时的变形激活能,并观察了合金变形过程中显微组织变化情况。结果表明:合金在热变形过程中流变应力随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增加而增大,7055铝合金的高温塑性变形行为可以用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的流变应力方程进行描述。该合金在实验条件范围内热变形以动态回复为主要软化机制并伴随极少量的再结晶发生。     

Constitutive behavior,microstructural evolution and processing map of extruded Al–1.1Mn–0.3Mg–0.25RE alloy during hot compression

Hot compression tests of an extruded Al–1.1Mn–0.3Mg–0.25RE alloy were performed on Gleeble–1500 system in the temperature range of 300–500 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s^?1. The associated microstructural evolutions were studied by observation of optical and transmission electron microscopes. The results show that the peak stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which can be represented by a Zener–Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic-sine equation with the hot deformation activation energy of 186.48 kJ/mol. The steady flow behavior results from dynamic recovery whereas flow softening is associated with dynamic recrystallization and dynamic transformation of constituent particles. The main constituent particles are enriched rare earth phases. Positive purifying effects on impurity elements of Fe and Si are shown in the Al–1.1Mn–0.3Mg–0.25RE alloy, which increases the workability at high temperature. Processing map was calculated and an optimum processing was determined with deformation temperature of 440–450 °C and strain rate of 0.01 s^?1.