双级压缩变频空气源热泵的试验研究

介绍了一种适用于寒冷地区双级压缩变频空气源热泵机组的系统组成和工作原理,建立了标准制冷量为16kW的双级压缩变频热泵的试验系统,并对系统性能进行了试验研究.试验研究结果表明,在冷凝温度50℃和蒸发温度-25℃工况下,系统制热性能系数高于2,压缩机排气温度低于120℃,制热量可以满足用户要求;且试验验证系统运行稳定可靠,可以在-18℃以上的室外低温环境中满足寒冷地区冬季供暖需要.     

R32中间补气压缩空气源热泵系统的试验研究

对以R32为工质带经济器的中间补气压缩空气源热泵系统进行了试验研究与分析。结果表明:在蒸发温度为-2~-15℃范围内,该系统的相对补气量、制热量和耗功均随着补气压力的升高而增大;当蒸发温度为-15℃时,最大相对补气量约为33%,同时排气温度可降低11℃;当蒸发温度为-6℃时,系统COP达到最大值时所对应的最佳补气压力范围是1.50~1.54 MPa。在蒸发温度低于-6℃的条件下,带经济器的中间补气压缩空气源热泵系统的制热性能具有明显的优势。     

压缩机容量比固定的双级压缩热泵系统变工况性能分析

针对压缩机容量比固定的双级压缩系统,基于能量平衡法和分析法对2种级间喷射冷却的双级压缩循环的制热性能及效率进行了对比分析。结果显示:级间喷射过程改善了高压级压缩机的运行工况,减小了冷凝和节流过程的损失,并使喷射循环的制热量、制热COP和效率高于无喷射循环,但其性能的改善随蒸发温度升高和冷凝温度降低而逐渐减小。同时,喷射循环在变工况运行过程中存在压比最小运行工况,在压缩机容量比为2.81,冷凝温度为40℃时,系统最小运行压力比为3.67。     

热泵干衣机用线性压缩机的设计优化与性能分析

针对热泵干衣机的应用特点,介绍了热泵干衣机用线性压缩机的设计过程与优化方法,并进行了系统性能分析。设计的线性压缩机样机作为热泵干衣机可以实现70%以上的压缩效率, 压缩效率受工况条件影响较小,随冷凝温度的降低略有下降,而随蒸发温度的降低略有增加。但热泵循环制热能效COP受工况条件影响较大,冷凝温度越低或者蒸发温度越低,制热COP越高。在冷凝温度63 ℃,过冷度0 ℃,蒸发温度7 ℃,过热度3 ℃的工况下,制热COP可以达3.0以上。     

小型热泵型蓄能空调水蓄热特性的试验研究

结合蓄能空调系统自身的特点,设计了小型热泵型水蓄能空调装置并进行试验研究。试验结果表明,采用蓄能桶蓄热装置,在热泵机组进行制热性能运行时能有效提高压缩机吸气温度,排气温度也相对较高;在低温制热工况下,系统的最大制热量可以达到额定制热量以上,除霜性能也较优;水蓄热时不同工况下的压缩机吸排气温度以及压缩机功率会有变化,并且在释热状态下运行时,机组的COP有显著提高。由于该系统使用水作为蓄热材料,蓄热量有限。     

商用跨临界CO2水-水热泵热水器系统特性试验研究

设计并搭建了带回热器的商用跨临界CO2水-水热泵热水器试验系统,并依据相应的国家标准对试验系统进行了多个工况的循环性能试验研究.试验结果表明,名义工况下出水温度85℃时制热COPh值为2.82,最大负荷工况下出水温度65℃时制热COPh值为3.68.冷却水进水温度越高,系统效率越低.同时试验结果表明, CO2作为制冷剂在热泵热水器的应用中更具有优势.     

转轮式两级蒸发冷却空调机组的试验研究

提出了一种低空调能耗,新、排风能量回收的转轮式两级蒸发冷却空调系统,第一级采用转轮式间接蒸发冷却器,第二级采用填料式直接蒸发冷却器,排风侧采用的散热方式:排风经过填料式直接蒸发冷却器降温后进入转轮回风侧,并制作出试验样机。对试验样机各功能段的性能进行了测试。结果表明,在试验测试范围内,转轮间接蒸发冷却段的最佳排风、新风风量比β为1.1,整机联合运行时,机组最终出风温度19.9℃,低于入口新风的湿球温度21.9℃,机组温降可达到12.5℃。     

双并联冷凝器水冷热泵系统模拟与试验研究

运用EES编程建立了水冷热泵系统的数学模型,对系统的制热性能进行了模拟计算,主要分析了室内环境温度、冷却水进口温度和流量对系统制热量性能系数和能效比的影响。模拟结果表明:室内环境温度对系统性能系数和能效比影响很大,随着温度的升高制热系数降低;在一定范围内随着进水温度和流量的升高,系统性能系数和能效比急剧增大,但随后趋于平缓,存在最佳流量。通过模拟研究了运行参数对性能的影响,为实际的开发设计和验证提供了依据。根据理论设计,搭建试验样机,利用空调焓差室对该机组进行试验研究,对试验样机在名义工况下的制冷、制热性能进行了测试,水侧和制冷剂侧热平衡偏差在5%以内,进一步验证了测试的准确性。测试结果表明,制冷工况时的性能系数和能效比均低于制热时的,采用双并联冷凝器设计,对于较大制冷量和制热量热泵系统具有明显优势。     

涡流分离热气体再加热的CO_2热泵系统的分析

对涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统进行热力性能分析,并与相同运行工况下的节流降压CO2热泵系统的性能进行了对比,得出涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统存在最优的高压压力,在最优的高压压力下,系统获得最大的制热性能系数。提高分离热气体质量比、中间压力、蒸发温度、涡流管制热效应,降低气体冷却器出口温度,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统的制热性能系数提高。随着热气体质量比的增加和气体冷却器出口温度的升高,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统最优的气体冷却器出口压力也升高。在热气体质量比仅为0.2时,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统相比节流降压CO2热泵系统,最佳的制热性能系数提高11%。随着热气体质量比的增加,差值会进一步增大。气体冷却器出口温度的升高,对涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统制热性能系数的影响要小于对节流降压CO2热泵系统的制热性能系数的影响。     

低温强热型空气源热泵热水器试验研究

采用中间喷射的涡旋热泵热水器专用压缩机及带经济器的系统设计,构成低温喷气增焓热泵热水器试验系统。试验结果表明:该系统能在-20~43℃环境下正常运行,制取65℃较高温度的热水。系统在环境温度高于20℃,且最高出水温度达到65℃时,能效比(COP)在3.4以上;在-15℃环境温度下COP依然能够保持在2.0以上;在-7℃~7℃段制热能力比目前常规热泵系统提高21%~28.9%。有效地扩大了(非二氧化碳)热泵系统的气候适应范围。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.