折流板换热器壳程流体流动与传热特性数值模拟

根据流体动力学和计算传热学理论,建立了折流板管壳式换热器计算模型,运用CFD技术对换热器壳程流体的流动与传热问题进行了三维数值模拟,得到了不同壳程进口雷诺数Re条件下换热器壳程流体的流场和温度场。对数值模拟结果进行分析,以总传热系数h．壳程总压降△p以及单位压力损失下的传热系数h／Ap作为换热器性能的衡量标准,分析了不同折流板间距和不同折流板圆缺高度时管壳式换热器壳程总传热系数h、总压降△p以及h／Ap随壳程进口雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明：随着壳程进口流速的增大,换热器壳程总传热系数和总压降增大、h／Ap减小：在壳程流体流量不变的情况下,结合单位压力损失下的传热系数h／Ap,适当减小折流板间距或减小折流板圆缺高度。可提高换热器的换热性能。     

折流板换热器壳程流体流动与传热特性数值模拟

根据流体动力学和计算传热学理论,建立了折流板管壳式换热器计算模型,运用CFD技术对换热器壳程流体的流动与传热问题进行了三维数值模拟,得到了不同壳程进口雷诺数Re条件下换热器壳程流体的流场和温度场。对数值模拟结果进行分析,以总传热系数h,壳程总压降Δp以及单位压力损失下的传热系数h/Δp作为换热器性能的衡量标准,分析了不同折流板间距和不同折流板圆缺高度时管壳式换热器壳程总传热系数h、总压降Δp以及h/Δp随壳程进口雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明:随着壳程进口流速的增大,换热器壳程总传热系数和总压降增大、h/Δp减小;在壳程流体流量不变的情况下,结合单位压力损失下的传热系数h/Δp,适当减小折流板间距或减小折流板圆缺高度,可提高换热器的换热性能。     

新型叠片式油冷却器综合性能的数值研究

对新型叠片式油冷却器进行整体三维建模,并使用FLUENT对其在不同折流板间距和缺口高度条件下进行换热与阻力性能数值分析,对模拟结果准确性进行试验论证,采用综合因子α/Δp对传热性能进行综合评价。结果表明:折流板间距越小,壳程传热系数和压降越大,折流板缺口高度对壳程压降影响不大,壳程传热系数随缺口高度减小增幅较小;折流板间距为90 mm,缺口高度为0.2D时,有较好的综合传热性能。模拟结果和试验吻合度良好,因此研究结论具有一定参考意义。     

开孔折流板对列管式换热器传热性能的影响研究

针对由传统弓形折流板结构带来的壳程流动死区,从而引起的流动阻力大、传热效率低等问题,本文对折流板进行开孔,通过数值模拟的方法研究开孔折流板结构对列管式翅片换热器壳侧流体流动、传热及阻力性能的影响。研究发现,折流板开孔后,壳程流动死区明显减小,壳程传热系数及压降同比开孔前降低了;综合换热性能同比开孔前提升了。壳程压降随开孔率及板间距的增大而减小,壳程努塞尔数Nu随板间距的增大逐渐增大。从综合换热性能及场协同的角度分析发现,开孔率x=0.229、折流板间距H=85 mm的列管式换热器综合传热性能最佳。     

板式换热器的结构设计和优化研究

传热板片是板式换热器的关键元件。现通过数值模拟软件Fluent,以换热器单位时间的换热量除以烟气侧压力损失的1/3次方作为综合性能指标,对板片的几何参数进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,椭圆形截面板式换热器,板束与板束的间距h=16.5 mm,长轴a=30 mm,短轴b=12 mm,空气进口流速设置为6 m/s时,综合性能指标能够取到更优值,达到优化目的。     

管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力性能的影响

为探讨管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力特性的影响,对5种管间距下的翅片油冷却器进行了试验测试研究,拟合得到翅片油冷却器壳侧传热系数及压降的公式。并利用Fluent软件模拟分析了管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器壳侧流场的分布情况。结果表明,在一定的雷诺数范围内,管间距为21 mm的翅片式油冷却器有较好的传热性能,与其他管间距的传热系数相比,均提高了2%~8%;翅片式油冷却器的阻力性能与管间距大小成正比关系;相同压降约束条件下,管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器有较好的综合换热性能,在达到相同换热量时所需泵功最少。     

基于遗传算法的直升机滑油散热器优化设计

在直升机翅片管式滑油散热器的初步热力性能计算的基础上,应用遗传算法对滑油散热器的结构进行了优化设计。设立散热器的质量、传热系数、管程压降和壳程压降四个目标,以散热器的结构参数为设计变量。编制了遗传算法优化程序,采用十进制编码、锦标赛选择、两点交叉和混合变异,以及变异概率随进化代数的增加而加大的自适应方法。实例计算表明,与原始数据比较,散热器的质量大幅减小,传热系数有一定程度地增大,管程和壳程压降均有所减小。文中的设计方法具有通用性,可用于不同散热器的优化设计。     

超临界CO_2层积式微通道气体冷却器的研究

以自然工质CO2作为研究对象,对超临界CO2层积式微通道气体冷却器进行研究。在试验研究中,通过改变高压压力和冷却水流量,得到不同工况下的换热量与传热系数,发现换热量随水流量增加而增加,制热能效比(Coefficient of performance,COP)随冷却高压升高而降低。换热器总传热系数可以达到700 W/(m2?K),总换热量可达9 kW。理论分析得出了降低制冷剂测出口温度有利于提升水侧出口温度和COP,故利用有限体积法与TDMA方法结合编制模拟程序,选用合适的换热关联式对微通道气体冷却器进行优化。研究发现增加通道长、水侧水力直径和通道排数,减小通道间距,都能提高水的出水温度,并得到最优结构使出水温度达到60℃以上。     

换热器传热元件的材质与传热系数

一、引言换热器用于流体之间的热量交换,其能力用传热系数K(W/m~2℃)表示。多年来,人们一直在不断地寻求提高传热系数的办法。采用新结构,有利于提高膜系数,并能减少流体阻力损失,这一类型的设备较多,例如板式换热器、螺旋板换热器、板壳式换热器等效果很好。     

低压降高效换热器复合强化传热试验研究

大小孔折流板与圆弧波纹管都是近几年提出的降低换热器壳程压降和提高传热效果的结构元件。针对大小孔折流板和圆弧波纹管的特点,提出了将两者相结合的低压降高效换热器,并试验研究该换热器的流动和传热性能。结果表明,换热器具有较低的壳程压降和良好综合传热能力。与光管的普通弓形折流板换热器相比,相同流量下,大孔直径为φ26mm的圆弧切线波纹管与大小孔折流板复合结构换热器的壳程板间压降可降低64％,虽然孔径较大时壳程膜传热系数有所下降,但总传热系数有明显提高。若以单位压降的传热系数来评判,圆弧切线波纹管与大小孔折流板复合结构换热器的强化传热性能要远高于普通弓形折流板换热器,最高值可达普通弓形折流板换热器的2．87倍。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.