磁存储技术的研究

21世纪是信息的世界,人们掌握信息量的需求越来越高。在信息存储技术中,磁存储仍然是最重要的存储技术之一。为提高磁信息存储量,就必须不断减小用于记录信息的磁性颗粒的尺寸。但当尺寸减小到一定程度时,超顺磁效应就会影响到记录的磁信息的稳定性。所以研制新型高密度磁记录技术必须要注意介质的退磁场和稳定性的影响。目前商用硬盘的磁记录技术基本都采用垂直记录技术,一般可以获得超过200Gb／in^2记录密度。介绍新近发展起来的热辅助磁记录技术和图案化介质技术原理与优势。     

超高密度磁记录介质的研究进展

总结了近年来超高密度磁记录介质的研究概况,着重介绍了垂直磁记录介质中L10相FePt薄膜的研究方法,并认为L10相FePt薄膜将会成为高密度磁盘记录介质的主流.倾斜磁记录、热辅助磁记录、图案记录等存储技术,目前处于实验室研究阶段,但是有望突破垂直磁记录的超顺磁极限,实现超高密度磁记录.     

磁盘用金属薄膜磁记录介质的研究

本文介绍了高密度数字磁记录用Co/Cr磁记录介质材料的初步试验研究结果。Co/Cr磁膜介质系用真空蒸发沉积法制作,磁记录试验在磁盘机上进行。并在相同的写读试验条件下,与保加利亚的γ-Fe_2O_3介质磁盘进行了特性比较的结果表明,Co/Cr磁膜介质的特性优越,是一种具有良好使用前景的磁记录介质材料。     

超高密度图案化磁信息存储介质的研究进展

信息存储的容量不断增大才能满足信息社会高速发展的需求。要提高磁信息存储的容量,就必须不断减小用于记录数据信息位的磁性颗粒的尺寸,但当尺寸减小到一定程度时,由于超顺磁效应将影响磁信息信息位的稳定性,所以必须开发新型高密度磁记录技术。目前,商用硬盘的磁记录技术正从传统的水平记录技术向垂直记录技术过渡,但正如业内人士指出那样,为了应对其它超高密度存储技术,如有机存储、光存储等的挑战,垂直记录技术只是磁信息存储技术向超高密度方向发展的一个“跳板“。展望2011年前后的新技术,希捷提出了“热辅助磁性写入“(heat-assisted magnetic recording)技术,该技术的实质是采用高矫顽力的磁性材料如铁铂合金作为记录介质,在信息写入时通过激光束加热降低信息位翻转场写入信息。而日立存储则提出“图案化介质“(patterned media)技术,在这种技术中,存储数据的信息位宛如“点“一样彼此相互独立,减少相互间的干扰和降低数据信息位损坏的危险。这两种技术都可望将磁信息存储密度提高到1Tbit/平方英寸以上,但是它们的实用化还有许多科学与工程问题需要解决。详细介绍了图案化介质记录技术的工作原理、读写存储系统的...     

硬盘磁记录介质的现状与发展

讨论了现有介质、新介质的材料与结构,以及其工艺技术的现状。并展望了高密度硬盘磁记录介质的未来。指出高密度、高信噪比Ｓ／Ｎ的硬盘介质要求有高的矫顽力和小的磁记录畴。     

超微粒材料在磁记录介质中的应用

所谓超微粒材料系指直径在1μ以下的微粒粉体。它可应用于导电材料、烧结材料、化学触媒和磁记录介质等许多方面,但在工业上,用量最大的主要是磁记录介质用的各种磁粉。磁记录介质用的超微粒材料——磁粉,应满足下述要求: 1.饱和磁化强度大; 2.矫顽力适当;     

新的磁记录介质——KEYSTONE

美国3M公司于1983年发明了一种新的磁记录介质KEYSTONE的制造技术。采用这种技术制造的磁记录介质,具有存贮容量大、经济与环境容限宽等优点。直径为     

CoCr基磁性薄膜材料的研究现状和发展趋势

简要介绍了磁记录用介质膜的发展趋势及面临的问题,介绍了垂直记录方式的优点,综述了国内外对垂直磁记录用介质膜材料的分类及研究现状,回顾和评述了CoCr基磁性薄膜的研究现状和发展趋势.     

CoCrPtNb/CrTi/C玻璃盘基磁记录介质制备与性能

采用CoCrPtNb四元合金作磁记录介质,并使用多层膜结构C/(CoCrPt)100-xNbx/CrTi/C/Glass Substrate制备硬盘磁记录介质.实验结果表明此种薄膜记录介质,即使在室温下溅射,也可得到高达240kA/m的矫顽力;此类薄膜在550℃高温下,经过30min退火后,其矫顽力有较大幅度提高,并在Nb含量为2.4%(原子分数)时达到极大值360kA/m此时剩磁比S=0.90,矫顽力矩形比S*=0.92,从而制成了适于高密度或超高密度磁记录使用的薄膜介质.并详细分析了在室温条件下溅射,此种介质矫顽力与Nb含量变化的关系;并对退火后介质矫顽力与Nb含量变化的关系也进行了讨论.     

磁盘用金属薄膜磁记录介质的研究

在数学磁记录中,磁记录特性和记录密度的提高,是当前的一个重要的研究课题。磁记录密度的提高,就意味着计算机设备体积的小型化和贮容量的扩增,要达到这种目的,磁记录介质材料的优选是个重要的基本条件。介质材料在目前广泛采用的针状γFe_2O_3磁性粉末材料,还要进一步极大地提高磁特性,但是,已受到其本身固有特性的限制。金属铁磁材料具有非常优异的磁性能,金属铁磁薄膜是一种很有潜力和大有希望的新型     

Fabrication of magnetic nanodot arrays for patterned magnetic recording media

Fabrication processes of arrayed magnetic nanodots for the use of patterned magnetic recording media were reviewed. One candidate for the patterned media is ordered assemble of magnetic nanoparticles, and the other is patterned magnetic thin films fabricated using various micro/nano scale machining processes. For the formation of patterned masks and molds, lithography processes as well as self-organized pattern formation are utilized. For the deposition processes of magnetic dots, electrochemical deposition processes were widely used. These fabrication processes are reviewed mainly from recent reports. The recording systems for the patterned media including probe-type-recording are also overviewed.     

The Influence of Bit Patterned Medium Design and Imperfections on Magnetoresistive Playback

Magnetoresistive playback off bit patterned magnetic recording media is studied. Three playback configurations are compared: not shielded sensors, shielded sensors commonly used in magnetic recording systems, and shielded differential sensors. Influence of patterned medium parameters including bit-filling ratio, bit shape, bit position jitter, bit-size variation on the playback signal is studied. Playback signal amplitude, D50, and signal-to-noise ratio are used to compare different playback sensor configurations. It is found that in general, shielded differential readers offer superior performance as compared to both shielded single sensor readers and not shielded readers.     

Recording performance of discrete track patterned media fabricated by focused ion beam

We report on the recording performance of discrete track patterned media fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB). We investigated performance over a small area by spinstand read/write testing. Discrete track patterned regions show smaller magnetic track width and better signal separation between adjacent tracks and therefore higher track density than that of nonpatterned continuous media as a result of reduced side fringe effect and edge noise. We found that, at a designed groove depth of 4-8 nm, the shallow FIB etched grooves already provide good isolation between adjacent tracks, indicating the superiority of ion beam induced modification of magnetic properties in film media over physical modification of disk surface topography. This has implications for discrete track recording and media fabrication.     

An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage

Many view data storage on patterned magnetic media as one way of attaining storage densities in excess of 1 Tb/in/sup 2/ and thus overcoming the problems associated with recording at ultrahigh densities on conventional continuous media. In this paper we investigate, through the use of a replay simulation developed to take into account the three-dimensional nature of the patterned media, the effects that the shape-constrained media have on the bit-error-rate performance of the read channel in 1-Tb/in/sup 2/ perpendicular recording. In particular, we analyze how media configurations with varying island shape, size, and distribution affect the channel performance.     

Fabrication of Flyable Perpendicular Discrete Track Media

Discrete track media offers many potential recording advantages over conventional continuous media in hard disk drives. In this study, we present a novel fabrication process for discrete track perpendicular magnetic media via electron beam lithography, ion milling, and the use of a protective Al sacrificial layer. Physical characterization of the media confirms the process is able to produce patterned tracks with no damage to the media. Spin stand analysis verifies the disks are flyable and capable of recording sharp transitions without any degradation in the magnetic signal     

Patterning of FePt for magnetic recording

Higher areal density for magnetic recording is needed to provide larger storage capacities on harddisk drives. However, as the recording bit size of traditional magnetic recording materials (such as Co/Cr) approaches 10 nm, the magnetic direction of each recording bit would become unstable at room temperature due to thermal fluctuation. To solve this problem, efforts have been made using two methods: one method is to replace the disk media with new materials possessing higher magnetic anisotropy which would lead to better thermal stability; and the second one is to employ different configurations for the recording layer. FePt with patterned media configuration is a combination of these two methods. In this paper we review some novel and interesting methods of patterning FePt for magnetic recording, including thermal patterning, self-assembly patterning, and lithography patterning.     

Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage

In a move to extend the storage capabilities of magnetic storage systems beyond 1 Tb/in/sup 2/, the use of patterned media has often been cited. Here, recorded domains are constrained by the geometry of the magnetic island and not the geometry of the recording head. Conventional two-dimensional readout modeling techniques, using the reciprocity integral, rely on the assumption that the across-track medium magnetization is uniform under the giant magnetoresistive replay head. However, in the case of a geometrically constrained medium this is not the case. This work investigates the effect that the island geometry has on the characteristics of the replay signal in perpendicular patterned magnetic media storage through the extension of the reciprocity integral to three dimensions. The paper describes replay pulses that offer different characteristics from those obtained by conventional two-dimensional techniques. The origins of these differences are explained by the variation in medium magnetization across the track.     

FePt nanocluster films for high-density magnetic recording

High anisotropy L1(0) ordered FePt thin films are considered to have high potential for use as high areal density recording media, beyond 1 Tera bit/in2. In this paper, we review recent results on the synthesis and magnetic properties of L1(0) FePt nanocomposite films. Several fabrication methods have been developed to produce high-anisotropy FePt films: epitaxial and non-epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented FePt:X (X = Au, Ag, Cu, C, etc.) composite films that might be used for perpendicular media; monodispersed FePt nanocluster-assembled films grown with a gas-aggregation technique and having uniform cluster size and narrow size distribution; self-assembled FePt particles prepared with chemical synthesis by reduction/decomposition techniques, etc. The magnetic properties are controllable through variations in the nanocluster properties and nanostructure. FePt and related films show promise for development as heat-assisted magnetic recording media at extremely high areal densities. The self-assembled FePt arrays show potential for approaching the ultimate goal of single-grain-per-bit patterned media.     

Graphoepitaxy of cylinder-forming block copolymers for use as templates to pattern magnetic metal dot arrays

We report a method to fabricate high-quality patterned magnetic dot arrays using block copolymer lithography, metal deposition, and a dry lift-off technique. Long-range order of cylindrical domains oriented perpendicular to the substrate and in hexagonal arrays was induced in the block copolymer films by prepatterning the substrate with topographic features and chemically modifying the surface to exhibit neutral wetting behaviour towards the blocks of the copolymer. The uniformity of the domain size and row spacing of block copolymer templates created in this way was improved compared to those reported in previous studies that used graphoepitaxy of sphere-forming block copolymers. The pattern of block copolymer domains was transferred to a pattern of magnetic metal dots, demonstrating the potential of this technology for the fabrication of patterned magnetic recording media.     

Localized electro-thermal processing: a new route to the patterning of magnetic recording media

Previous reports have detailed the fabrication of media able to support high density magnetic recording in both longitudinal and perpendicular formats by the global rapid thermal processing of sputtered non-magnetic precursor films. During processing in this manner a magnetic element is released from its nitride and agglomerates to form a random near mono-dispersion of magnetic nano-particles. Here we explore, primarily through modelling and simulation, the feasibility of processing similarly formulated precursor media not globally but locally. We investigate the potential of using conducting nano-probe tips to produce, via electro-thermal (Joule) heating, a nano-patterned recording medium in the form of regular arrays of magnetic islands in a non-magnetic host. In the first instance we concentrate on the simplest cobalt based precursor medium for which both initial simulation and experimental studies indicate the formation of magnetic islands with dimensions of the order of the tip diameter; this is relatively straightforward. The results signify that if practical production scenarios can be devised to produce technologically significant areas of recording media by the rapid multi-probe repetition of this technique, then processing in this manner offers a promising route to areal recording densities of perhaps 5 Terabit/in(2) even with the simplest cobalt media. We also note that the electro-thermal processing method is potentially extendable to the production of a wide variety of magnetic materials (e.g.?PtCo, FeCo, NiFe alloys) and, applied via electrical nano-imprinting type techniques, to the production of a wide variety of patterned structures.