双馈风力发电机组并网控制策略及性能分析

为了实现双馈风力发电机组无冲击电流并网,基于电网电压定向矢量控制技术,提出了一种考虑转子电流动态调节特性的双馈风力发电机组空载并网控制策略。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,建立了双馈风力发电机系统及其并网控制的数学模型,并对不同初始运行转速的双馈风力发电机组的自动并网运行特性进行了仿真。仿真实验结果证明无论初始转速为同步转速,还是超、亚同步转速,利用提出的并网控制策略,双馈风力发电机组能很好快速地建立定子电压,并网过渡过程定子电流基本没有冲击。     

双馈变速恒频风力发电空载并网控制策略

传统的风力发电并网方式主要有直接并网和降压并网,在并网瞬间会产生很大的冲击电流.根据交流励磁变速恒频风力发电的运行特点,将矢量控制的电网电压定向技术应用于双馈发电机的并网发电上,提出一种基于电网电压定向的双馈变速恒频风力发电空载并网控制策略,即在定子开路条件下,根据电网电压和电机转速来调节转子的励磁电流,在变速条件下实现几乎无冲击电流并网和输出有功、无功功率的解耦控制,建立了交流励磁发电机空载并网及稳态运行控制模型.仿真和实验结果表明,本文所提出的空载并网方式是变速恒频风力发电的一种较理想的并网方式.     

基于定子虚拟阻抗的双馈风电机组虚拟同步控制策略

随着可再生能源的渗透率越来越高,分布式电源面临多重挑战,虚拟同步发电机技术模拟同步发电机运行机制,成为有效解决方法之一。以双馈风电机组为研究对象,研究分析其虚拟同步控制策略,使双馈风电机组具有更大的惯性和频率支撑能力。内环采用改进型双馈风电机组定子电压、转子电流双闭环控制结构,并且建立定子电压控制模型及发电机输出阻抗模型。针对并网时功率存在的耦合问题,采用基于自适应的定子虚拟阻抗控制策略,实现了双馈风电机组并网功率的解耦。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

提升无功调节能力的双馈式风力发电机转速变模式控制策略

分散式风电机组接入引起的配电网无功潮流变化易导致配电网出现电压偏差,由于配电网自身无功电压调节能力较弱,及时恢复母线电压到正常水平成为分散式风电机组的重要调节任务。提出一种以暂时牺牲最大风能追踪为代价的双馈式风电机组转速变模式控制策略。首先,以最大限度提高机组无功出力极限作为控制目标,寻求分散式风电机组向电网输送的无功功率最大值与风速、发电机转速间的关系,得到能使机组无功出力达到最大的发电机转速指令值;然后,根据控制目标及其他限制条件确定风电机组内部的无功分配方案;最后,结合传统控制算法制定双馈风力发电机转速变模式控制策略。PSCAD的仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机低电压穿越控制

分析电网对称故障时,双馈感应风力发电机定子磁链变化过程、导致定转子过电流的原因、电网故障发生具体时刻及故障程度对双馈感应发电机定转子的影响,提出一种双馈感应风力发电机转子侧变换器低电压穿越控制策略,改善了双馈感应发电机在电网故障时定、转子过电流的情况,实现了双馈感应发电机在电网对称故障时的低电压穿越.在理论分析基础上,建立双馈感应发电机转子侧变换器低电压穿越控制模型和3 kW双馈感应发电机励磁变换器低电压穿越控制实验系统.实验结果表明,所提出的双馈感应发电机低电压穿越控制策略动态响应快、方法行之有效.     

Extended SMC for a stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator

In this paper, a sliding mode controller for the stator voltage amplitude of a stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator is presented. The standard dq-model of the electrical machine connected to an isolated inductive load is obtained. Then, the control law is designed using sliding mode techniques. The controller introduces a dynamic extension so that the stator voltage amplitude has relative degree one. As a result, a fast controller, robust to both machine and load parameters variations, is obtained. The control algorithm, that does not requires the knowledge of the parameters, is implemented and validated experimentally.     

电网电压骤升故障下双馈风力发电机变阻尼控制策略

双馈风力发电机在电网电压跌落情况下的不间断运行已成为当前研究热点,而电网电压骤升对双馈风力发电系统的运行也构成了威胁。为研究双馈风力发电机的高电压穿越特性及其控制策略,分析了电网电压骤升激起的双馈感应发电机的电磁过渡过程。针对不同转速和电网电压骤升幅度对系统的影响,提出一种基于变阻尼的转子励磁控制策略,减小了故障情况下...     

含双馈风电机的电力系统电压稳定性分岔分析

风电并网改变系统潮流,为研究风电并网对电压稳定的影响,建立含双馈异步发电机组（DFIG）风电系统的动态模型,提出一种新的处理DFIG转子控制电压值的方法.该电压控制方法将DFIG稳态转子控制电压值作为动态DFIG模型的转子控制电压值,随着系统运行状态变化而改变控制电压值.应用延拓法追踪动态负荷参数变化时系统的平衡解流形,并采用分岔理论分析动态负荷参数变化对风电系统电压稳定的影响.仿真结果表明,不同的风力机模型会使电压稳定性分析结果产生差异,且上述新的DFIG转子控制电压方法更加精确、可行.     

双馈感应风力发电机组动态模型的分析与比较

在大型风力发电厂中双馈感应风力发电机组将被广泛应用,深入了解双馈感应风力发电机组动态特性非常必要。文中给出了双馈机组的8阶、5阶和3阶模型。8阶模型包括完整的传动系统模型、定子模型和转子模型;5阶模型包括定子、转子模型和简化的传动系统模型;忽略定子的暂态过程后,3阶模型包括转子模型和简化的传动系统模型。在MATLAB／Simulink软件上实现了3种模型建模。完成了对2种情况的仿真,仿真结果验证了上述3种模型的正确性,并比较了各自的响应特性。仿真结果表明：8阶模型具有最精确完整的响应,但仿真时间最长;3阶模型采用最大程度的近似,但仿真时间最短;5阶模型适合大多数既要求较快仿真速度又要求较高精度的研究。     

双馈风力发电机变换器的控制方法研究

本文主要研究了双馈感应电机(DFIG)的网侧和转子侧变换器的控制方法。双馈感应电机中转子侧变换器采用定子磁链定向矢量控制技术,实现了风能的最大跟踪以及有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制。网侧变换器采用电网电压定向矢量控制技术,控制了直流母线电压的恒定以及调节了网侧的功率因素。采用PSCAD/EMTDC电力系统仿真软件,构建了包括风速模型、风力机模型、变速恒频双馈电机、定子侧和转子侧变换器在内的双馈风力发电机仿真模型。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法是有效、合理的。     

电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究

利用经实验验证的时域仿真模型对一典型的2MW双馈感应风力发电系统在电网对称故障时的控制和响应进行仿真研究。与在电网故障时将转子端部直接短接的保护方案相比较,采用所提出的电网故障励磁控制与正常运行时的风能跟踪控制相结合,可以保证发电机迅速恢复有功输出,从而提高整个电力系统在故障切除后的运行稳定性。针对电网对称故障时发电机不脱网运行的可控范围进行仿真计算的结果表明:典型双馈感应风力发电机可在电网故障引起发电机变压器系统侧电压最低下降到30％额定电压时仍可保持不脱网运行。对影响电网故障励磁控制性能的各种因素,包括发电机故障前初始运行点及电机参数进行了研究,发现适当增加发电机漏感或定予侧电阻有助于进一步提高电网故障时励磁控制的效果。     

Control strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator feeding an unbalanced grid or stand-alone load

In this paper, the control systems for the operation of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), feeding an unbalanced grid/stand-alone load, are presented. The scheme uses two back-to-back PWM inverters connected between the stator and the rotor, namely the rotor side and stator side converters respectively. The stator current and voltage unbalances are reduced or eliminated by injecting compensation currents into the grid/load using the stator side converter. The proposed control strategy is based on two revolving axes rotating synchronously at ±ω_e. From these axes, the d–q components of the negative and positive-sequence currents, in the stator and grid/load, are obtained. The scheme compensates the negative-sequence currents in the grid/load by supplying negative-sequence currents via the stator side converter. Experimental results obtained from a 2-kW experimental prototype are presented and discussed in this work. The proposed control methodology is experimentally validated for stand-alone and weak grid-connected conditions and the results show the excellent performance of the strategy used.     

A control strategy for stand-alone wound rotor induction machine

A control strategy to regulate the frequency and voltage of a stand-alone wound rotor induction machine is presented. This strategy allows the machine to work as a generator in stand-alone systems (without grid connection) with variable rotor speed. A stator flux-oriented control is proposed using the rotor voltages as actuation variables. Two cascade control loops are used to regulate the stator flux and the rotor currents. A closed loop observer is designed to estimate the machine flux which is necessary to implement these control loops. The proposed control strategy is validated through simulations with satisfactory results.     

双馈电机电压跌落暂态过程分析

为了便于研究并网双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越运行的控制策略,有必要对电压跌落时双馈风电机组的暂态特性进行分析.本文利用双馈发电机定转子磁链的暂态变化机理,推导并提出了双馈风电机组在电网电压骤降时的定子暂态电流和电磁转矩的解析表达式.在此基础上,通过对表达式的分析得到影响电压跌落电磁过渡过程的本质因素.在理论分析基础上,为了验证所提电磁过渡过程的正确性,建立了1.5MW双馈电机低电压穿越控制模型,仿真结果表明:电网电压跌落时,双馈电机定子侧电流和电磁转矩与理论分析基本一致,因而可以说明本文电压跌落的分析方法能够正确地反映电压跌落过程中的电磁现象,可以为双馈电机LVRT控制策略的研究提供足够的理论依据     

A flexible power control strategy for rotor-side converter of DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage sags

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely applied in variable-speed wind energy conversion system. The disconnection of a substantial amount of DFIG may arouse the instability problem of power system, thus wind power generators have to remain connected during short-time grid faults. As a result, the voltage sag will lead to overcurrent and overvoltage in the rotor winding of a DFIG, moreover the unbalanced voltage sags will also cause serious fluctuations in its electromagnetic torque and output power. This paper studies the relationship of the stator instantaneous powers with the three-phase stator voltage and rotor current of a DFIG under unbalanced grid voltages. A generalized formula of current reference for the rotor-side converter of DFIG is constructed by introducing continuous adjustment coefficients. Meanwhile, the analytical equations of rotor peak current, stator active and reactive power fluctuations are derived to characterize the operating performance of DFIG. The impacts of adjustment coefficients on DFIG control performance and the feasible region of coefficients restrained by the rotor current constraint are discussed. In consideration of the rotor current limit, the flexible power control strategy for DFIG in unity power factor mode (UPFM) and reactive power supporting mode (RPSM) is presented. The correctness of proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment tests of single-DFIG and multi-DFIG systems.     

电网电压跌落下双馈风力发电系统强励控制

为增强电网故障下双馈风力发电系统(DFIG)的低电压穿越(LVRT)运行能力,提出一种DFIG转子侧变换器(RSC)强励控制策略。在基于定子磁链定向的矢量控制策略中增加多频比例谐振控制器(MFPR),当电网故障造成发电机定子电压跌落时,多频比例谐振控制器能够对转子侧变换器(RSC)的输出励磁电压进行补偿,抑制转子故障电流,实现DFIG的低电压穿越运行。分析了转子电压等级与DFIG的低电压穿越运行区间的关系,为DFIG转子侧变换器的电压等级设计标准提供了参考依据。控制系统结构简单,保证了系统的响应速度,可同时对电网对称跌落和不对称跌落产生的故障电流进行抑制。通过对1.5 MW双馈风力发电机组进行仿真研究,验证了理论分析的正确性和所提控制策略的可行性。     

变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的空载并网技术

传统的风力发电机组直接并网和降压并网都会在并网瞬间产生很大的冲击电流,基于定子磁链定向的双馈发电机组空载并网,由于并网前定子磁链的检测不准确也会对电网造成冲击.根据变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的运行特点,通过对其数学模型的分析,建立了双馈异步发电机的空载数学模型,研究了其基于电网电压定向的空载并网控制策略,避免了由于定子磁链检测不准确造成的电网冲击.试验结果表明,该控制策略可以实现大容量风电机组的无冲击软并网,是一种理想的风电机组并网方式.     

双馈变速风电机组低电压穿越控制

当系统中风电装机容量比例较大时,系统故障导致电压跌落后,风电场切除会严重影响系统运行的稳定性,这就要求风电机组具有低电压穿越（Low Voltage Ride Through,LVRT)能力,保证系统发生故障后风电机组不间断并网运行。分析了双馈风电机组LVRT原理和基于转子撬棒保护(crow-bar protection)的LVRT控制策略,在电力系统仿真分析软件DIgSILENT/Power Factory中建立了双馈风电机组模型及其LVRT控制模型,以某地区风电系统为例进行仿真计算,分析转子撬棒投入与     

Low and high voltage ride-through of DFIG wind turbines using hybrid current controlled converters

Doubly fed induction generators have been recognized as the dominant technology used in wind generation systems. However, this type of wind generator is very sensitive to the drop/rise in the supply voltage and without efficient “ride-through” strategy, continuous operation of DFIG may fail due to destructive overcurrents in the rotor winding or large overvoltages in the dc-link capacitor. This paper introduces a hybrid current control scheme, implemented in the rotor-side and grid-side converters of DFIG, to enhance low and high voltage ride-through capacities of DFIG-based wind turbines. The proposed control scheme is constituted of two switching strategies integrated with a supervisory control unit: standard PI current controllers for normal operating conditions and vector-based hysteresis current controllers for DFIG protection during severe voltage sag/swell conditions. Time-domain simulation studies are carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed ride-through strategy under various types of grid disturbances. It is shown that the proposed controller constrains the rotor current and dc-link voltage within the safety limits of DFIG and as a result, the wind generator can comply with the strict low/high voltage ride-through requirements stipulated by modern grid codes.     

兆瓦级变速恒频风力发电机组控制系统

基于定子磁链定向的双馈电机控制理论，采用双PWM变换器结构，完成了兆瓦级变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的控制系统。其网侧变换器采用电压电流双闭环控制策略，转子侧变换器并网前采用转子电流开环控制策略，并网后采用有功、无功电流闭环解耦控制策略。该系统完成了亚同步、超同步运行时的系统满载实验以及模拟风速变化情况时系统有功、无功功率解耦控制的实验。实验结果验证了控制系统的可行性。