Experimental Verification of Photovoltaic-based Three-phase Four-wire Series Hybrid Active Power Filter

Abstract—This article proposes a photovoltaic and battery interfaced series hybrid active power filter, which is comprised of a series active power filter and an inductor-capacitor (LC) shunt passive filter. The main benefits of the proposed system provide the compensation against the voltage harmonics, current harmonics, and voltage interruption for the whole day. A series active power filter demands a source of energy for compensating the voltage sag/swell. The proposed topology utilizes the green energy source with an energy storage unit to meet the DC-link voltage requirement of the series active power filter. The control strategy is based on the dual formulation of the compensation system principles with adaptive fuzzy logic controller. The simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed photovoltaic interfaced three-phase four-wire series hybrid active power filter.     

并联有源滤波器控制策略研究

有源滤波器(APF)是消除电网中非线性负载产生的电流谐波的有效手段,本文分别对并联APF和并联混合APF的控制策略进行了研究。针对某一类非线性负载,提出了一种在单一同步坐标系下的复合控制器,包含PI和重复控制器。该复合控制器结合了PI和重复控制器的优点,能够消除稳态误差和改善系统鲁棒性。本文详细研究了复合控制器的设计方法,对控制系统稳定性进行了分析。所提控制方法在三相并联有源滤波器系统进行了验证,实验结果证明了所提出的混合控制器具有优异的性能。将有源滤波器(APF)和无源滤波装置(PF)结合起来构成混合有源滤波器(HAPF)是当今的发展趋势,既弥补了无源滤波装置的固有缺陷,又能充分发挥有源滤波器的优势。本文对无变压器型混合并联有源滤波器的设计原则进行了研究,提出了具体的设计方法以及电感值和直流母线电压之间的关系。同时,分别给出了HAPF进行补偿负载电流谐波和阻尼电网电压谐波放大这两种不同应用时的控制策略,对其滤波和阻尼特性进行了详细的分析。为了改善HAPF性能,在控制策略中引入了广义积分控制器。实验结果证明了混合并联滤波装置的优异性能。     

New hysteresis control band of an unified power quality conditioner

Power quality problems have received a great attention nowadays because of their economical impacts on both utilities and customers. The current harmonics is the most common problem of power quality, while voltage sags is the most severe. This paper deals with an Unified Power Quality Conditioner for current and voltage perturbations compensation in a power distribution network. The topology is based on two 3-phase voltage source inverters acting respectively as a parallel active power filter and a series active power filter which share two DC link capacitors. The power flow, in the Unified Power Quality Conditioner system is analysed. A novel hysteresis current and voltage control methods of Unified Power Quality Conditioner are studied with the aim to have robust control of the output voltage of series part and the output current of the parallel part. The DC voltage controller optimizes the energy storage of the DC capacitor where a fuzzy logic controller is developed. Simulation results are presented and discussed to verify the dynamical behaviour of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner and to show the effectiveness of the used perturbation identification methods and hysteresis band adaptive controllers.     

A Novel Delay-less Control of Unified Power Quality Conditioner to Enhance Power Quality in Power System

In this article, an analytical and delay-less model for the unified power quality conditioner is proposed to improve electrical power quality in power systems. The designed model includes a shunt active filter, series active filter, and common DC link, which is capable of improving power quality parameters in different conditions. The proposed control is based on a combination of the rotating reference frame theory and least mean square method that (1) can enhance power quality, including reduction of the voltage and current harmonics, voltage flicker, and reactive power of system, and (2) has no delay in the reference current generation. The DC link is also designed in a manner that capacitor voltage has a stabilized voltage in all instants. In addition, fundamental frequency estimation is employed to control frequency changes in the control system. For testing the proposed method in the worst conditions, the electric arc furnace load based on an actual stochastic arc that can generate almost all electrical power quality parameters is taken into account for the power system. The validity of proposed method is analyzed by comparing different existing control methods of the unified power quality conditioner. The simulation results show the accuracy of the control system.     

有源电力滤波器模糊软启动控制

为了解决传统控制方式下有源滤波器投入时引起的电压超调和电流冲击问题,增强整个系统的鲁棒性,采用带有自调整因子的模糊控制规则设计了直流侧电容电压的模糊软启动控制器.此控制器可以根据系统的实际情况对控制规则进行自动、实时调整.最后将模糊控制和PI控制相结合,构建了复合控制器,其具有PI控制稳态精度高、模糊控制鲁棒性强及自适应的优点.仿真结果验证了文中所提出的复合控制策略的有效性和可行性.     

基于级联多电平的有源滤波器直流侧电压平衡控制

为了减小电网中非线性负载带来的谐波电流对电网质量的影响,针对基于H桥的有源滤波器装置中直流电容电压问题,提出一种新的控制方法。将控制模块分成模块均值电压控制器和直流母线电压控制器两个部分,通过调节每个H桥之间的有功功率交换和有源滤波器同电网间有功功率的交换来实现直流电容电压的平衡控制。利用该方法对八个单元H桥级联的并联型有源滤波装置进行Matlab/Simulink仿真,并基于FPGA+DSP实验平台搭建了三单元H桥级联样机。仿真和实验结果表明,基于级联多电平的有源滤波器直流侧电压平衡控制方法是有效和实用的。     

统一电能质量调节器的谐波检测与补偿策略研究

统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)将串联有源滤波器和并联有源滤波器结合起来,能够同时从整体上补偿系统电流和电压,具备综合的电能质量调节功能。采用dq0谐波检测法作为UPQC的检测方法,并采用空间电压矢量SVPWM作为UPQC串联侧补偿方法,在并联侧引入自抗扰控制器ADRC,将负载电流和电网电压等系统内外部模型不确定性统一视为控制器的未知干扰,通过扩张状态观测器来估计,利用非线性反馈控制律进行补偿。此法不需要精确地测量谐波,并且能很好地适应对于不同的负荷。最后在MATLAB的Simulink软件平台上进行仿真实验,结果表明了本文所采用的检测和补偿方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于基波磁通补偿的串联混合型APF滤波特性分析

在基于基波磁通补偿的串联混合型有源电力滤波器(APF)中,由脉宽调制逆变器实现了一个受控基波电流源.串联变压器一次侧的系统电源与系统阻抗、无源滤波器和非线性负载共同作用,使串联变压器二次侧端口呈现一个谐波干扰电压,导致逆变器输出电流中含有一定谐波,影响了滤波器的滤波效果.文中以脉宽调制逆变器为核心,建立了滤波器的数学模型,并对其滤波特性进行了分析.提出了改善其滤波效果的3项有效措施,即适当增大逆变器输出滤波电感、合理选择串联变压器原副方变比、采用电压前馈控制技术.设计了一套基于数字控制的10 kVA APF样机,实验结果证明了原理分析的正确性.     

单独注入式混合型有源电力滤波器复合控制策略的研究

本文建立了单独注入式混合型有源电力滤波器的电气模型。根据此模型综合比较了混合型有源电力滤波器的两种常用控制策略,提出了一种基于检测电网谐波电压与谐波电流的混合有源电力滤波器复合控制方案,并对其补偿性能和抑制电网频率和系统阻抗变化的影响进行了分析。为了实现系统的无差控制,提出了基于递推积分的PI算法,并且由模糊推理在线整定比例系数和积分系数,该算法能有效地提高系统的动态和稳态性能。仿真和实验结果表明采用这种复合控制的注入式混合有源电力滤波器能达到较好的滤波效果。     

基于前馈控制的有源电力滤波器研制

提出了一种有源电力滤波器的前馈控制策略。基于开关平均模型设计了前馈控制器和电流控制器,并利用功率模型对电压控制器进行了设计。由于电网电压在系统启动时会产生很大冲击电流,通过引入前馈控制有效地降低了作为扰动的电网电压和直流电压对被控电流的影响,提高了系统的动态性能,同时利用直流电压控制环直接获取电流参考信号对电网电流进行控制,简化了控制算法。所提方法无需检测负载电流和逆变器输出电流,且无需锁相环电路,降低了成本。利用模拟器件实现控制电路并进行了实验研究,实验结果证明了所提方法的可行性。     

模糊PI控制三相四开关并联型APF研究

提供一种低成本的三相四开关并联型有源滤波器(Three-phase Four-switch Shunt Active Power Filter,简称TFS-APF),将其用于中、低压系统,可同时实现谐波电流抑制和无功功率补偿.采用直接将期望得到的电网正序基波电流作为TFSAPF指令电流信号的控制方法.为进一步提高检测算法的响应速度和自适应能力,引入模糊PI控制器.仿真与实验结果均证明TFSAPF及其指令电流检测算法的可行性和有效性.     

New digital reference current generation for shunt active power filter under distorted voltage conditions

In this paper, a new reference current computation method suitable for shunt active power filter control under distorted voltage conditions is proposed. The active power filter control is based on the use of self-tuning filters (STF) for the reference current generation and on a modulated hysteresis current controller. This active filter is intended for harmonic compensation of a diode rectifier feeding a RL load under distorted voltage conditions. The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first one deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents and is experimentally implemented in a DS1104 card of a DSPACE prototyping system. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the inverter by using a modulated hysteresis current controller, implemented in an analogue card. The use of STF instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the α–β axis without phase locked loop (PLL). The performances are good even under distorted voltage conditions. First, the effectiveness of the new proposed method is mathematically studied and verified by computer simulation. Then, experimental results are presented using a DSPACE system associated with the analogue current controller for a real shunt active power filter.     

三相并联型有源滤波器控制研究

介绍了基于虚拟磁链的有源滤波器直接功率控制工作原理,提出了一种针对于三相三线制有源滤波器的控制方案。该方案采用虚拟磁链进行定向,省去了常规电压定向所使用的电压传感器。利用矢量调制环节发出驱动脉冲,实现恒频控制。提出将模糊PI控制器应用于直接功率控制系统的电压控制环节,具有鲁棒性强和动态响应速度快等优点。仿真结果证实了所设计的基于虚拟磁链的有源滤波器直接功率控制系统的正确性和有效性。     

三相四线制有源电力滤波器指定次数谐波控制策略

针对三相四线制低压配电网不平衡非线性负载的电能质量问题,提出采用矢量谐振控制器对电容分离型有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,APF)进行指定次数谐波控制方案。在αβγ坐标系下对电容分离型APF进行建模,省去了在dq坐标系下的电流交叉解耦环节。比例谐振控制器应用在APF闭环控制系统时,存在各次谐振点附近谐振尖峰影响闭环控制系统稳定性和补偿精度的问题,采用矢量谐振控制器实现指定次数谐波跟踪控制,其分子零点与控制对象的极点抵消,实现控制系统降阶,提高了控制性能。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法在针对指定次数谐波补偿方面有着良好效果,其三相不平衡被抑制,直流侧电容电压得到均衡控制,证明了所提方法有效性。     

新型串联混合有源电力滤波器控制技术的研究

将串联型电力有源滤波器(APF)自身控制的稳定性与供电系统运行的稳定性分别加以研究，并对影响传统串联有源滤波器(SAPF)和传统串联混合有源滤波器(SHAPF)滤波性能的基本因数进行深入分析，以此为基础，提出一种新的超前补偿控制策略，使得SAPF或者SHAPF的滤波性能得到极大的提高，有效减少了有源部分的容量。10kVA的样机实验证实了控制的可行性。     

A new optimal approach for improvement of active power filter using FPSO for enhancing power quality

In the recent years, development of industry cause to increase nonlinear and time variant loads in power systems. These loads bring about power quality phenomena such as voltage and current harmonics, current unbalance and flicker in power systems. In this paper, an optimal method for active power filter is proposed to improve power quality. The control system of APF is based on combination of the synchronous detection method, instantaneous power theory, and output of DC capacitor voltage regulator. To stabilize the DC voltage and improvement of reference currents, PID controller is suggested. Regarding to intense changes of load in power system due to nonlinear load, PID controller with fixed parameters could not adequate for the APF control. Therefore, Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization method is proposed for optimizing of PID controller. This method is found on PSO and Fuzzy algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method, the APF is modeled in the worst conditions with a power system loaded with two electric arc furnace. In addition, in order to make good use of frequency changes in the power system, the power frequency estimation is put to use.     

串联型电能质量控制器全数字控制系统的研制

串联型电能质量控制器是一种可以有效提高用户端供电质量的电力电子装置。本文应用数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor - DSP)设计并实现了串联型电能质量控制器的全数字实时控制，提出了一种适合在定点DSP上实现的空间矢量PWM快速生成算法。实验结果表明所研制的数字控制系统硬件、软件结构设计合理，谐波检测算法和空间矢量PWM算法快速有效，而其控制的串联型电能质量控制器具有良好的电能质量控制性能。     

UPQC在电动汽车充电站电能质量治理中的应用

电动汽车充电会带来诸如电压波动、谐波增多、三相不平衡加剧等一系列电能质量问题。提出了统一电能质量调节器（UPQC）应用方案,在UPQC建模分析基础上,基于两相静止坐标系推导设计了电压控制单元双PI闭环控制器和电流控制单元带状态反馈单闭环PI控制器,并推导出 PI参数整定依据;为给样机设计提供理论参考,基于数学模型,推导出UPQC各模块参数设计依据,并设计与研制了1台20 kW容量的UPQC样机进行了实验研究。实测波形表明：UPQC的应用可改善电动汽车充电设备的电能质量。     

LCL滤波的双馈式风电网侧变流器在不平衡电网电压条件下的控制策略

为了提高LCL滤波的双馈式风电网侧变流器在电网电压不平衡情况下的工作性能,通过对变流器在上述条件下的数学模型进行理论分析,提出了基于LCL滤波器的不平衡电流指令算法,并提出了在同步旋转dq坐标系下采用PI和重复控制器并联结构的电流复合控制方案.利用所提控制策略,可有效降低电网电流中的低次谐波含量,实现正负序电流的无差跟...     

基于有功和无功功率协调分配的统一电能质量调节器控制策略

统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)由串联型有源滤波器和并联型有源滤波器组合而成。在常规功率控制策略中,串、并联变流器与馈线之间存在的有功功率环流增大了串、并联单元的容量负担和损耗,且当电源电压跌落较大时,串、并联单元在补偿电能质量过程中有可能发生容量越限。提出了基于有功和无功功率协调分配的UPQC控制策略,通过合理分配串、并联变流器的功率输出,充分发挥串联变流器的作用,使得串联变流器承担部分负载无功功率以减轻并联变流器的负担,并消除有功功率环流;基于并联变流器补偿容量恒定的原则分配电源与储能单元提供的有功功率,以减小配电网馈线过电流的风险,并保证串、并联单元在补偿电能质量过程中不会发生容量越限。在电源电压完全跌落的极限情况下,负载有功完全由储能提供,实现了不间断电源的功能。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了仿真算例,结果验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性,能够实现UPQC串、并联变流器以及储能单元的协调控制。