计及市场化电价信号导向的含高比例水电输电网扩展规划

传统电网扩展规划模型难以反映未来一段时期竞争市场模式下全局供需态势对电网投资收益、市场主体意愿、社会效益的量化影响,且在含高比例水电输电网中水电外送断面容量与丰枯潮流差异的不匹配导致网络阻塞及交易盈余问题愈加严重.为此,提出高比例水电场景下计及市场化电价信号导向的输电网扩展规划模型.上层模型以最大化线路年投资收益为目标函数,形成规划决策线路;下层模型采用改进的k-means聚类算法得到含高比例水电输电网全年典型运行方式,基于市场交易出清结果与区域负荷响应特征,量化线路规划后的负荷增量及过网利用率,以市场化电价信号引导电网扩展规划,促进区域水电消纳.采用KKT最优条件实现上、下层模型的耦合,将双层规划问题转化为混合整数规划问题进行求解.以我国西南部某含高比例水电的实际电网为例,通过综合比较不同规划方法的阻塞盈余、投资收益及水电消纳比例验证了高比例水电接入下市场信号对扩展规划结果的影响.     

考虑发电容量适应性的多目标输电网规划

电源和负荷增长的不确定性及发电出力变化将对电网规则方案的适应性和灵活性提出新的要求.文中引入发电容量适应性指标,衡量网络结构对发电出力容量变化的适应能力,建立考虑网络结构优化的多目标输电网规划模型,对多场景电网期望负载水平进行优化,改善电网运行环境和应对发电出力容量变化的能力,提高电网功率传输能力,减少各场景下的负荷损失.典型算例结果表明了文中模型和方法的有效性.     

Application of network topology to long range composite expansion planning of generation and transmission lines

The requirement of composite expansion planning of generation and transmission lines has been recognized for a long time. However, the dimension disaster problem in the model has limited its implement in large scale systems. In order to reduce the number of variables in the model, this paper presents two new methods. One is based on the network topology of the power system. It can exclude all impracticable candidates of generators and transmission lines from the planning model. The other is implemented by replacing some state variables with investment variables in the planning model. A case study on a 24-bus test system has shown that both of them are very effective on reducing the variable dimensions. They would make it possible to conduct long range of composite expansion planning in large scale systems with consideration of load and generating unit location on the main substations.     

考虑传输能力的含分布式电源配电网扩展规划方法

为灵活性资源提供快速、及时调度的网架传输通道,在规划阶段充分考虑网架结构与分布式电源(DG)规划对配电网传输能力的影响,提出考虑网架通道传输能力的配电网扩展规划及DG选址定容双层优化方法.首先建立了线路负荷裕度指标和潮流均衡度指标用以评价配电网传输能力;其次分析了网架通道传输能力的影响因素,在此基础上构建了配电网扩展规划及DG选址定容双层优化模型,保证了规划方案具有良好的经济性和网架通道传输能力,利用嵌套的混合粒子群优化算法进行优化求解;最后将所提规划方法与只考虑经济性规划方法进行了算例验证.仿真结果表明,所提方法不仅没有增加经济费用,而且所得规划方案网架潮流更均衡,线路负荷裕度更高,传输能力更优.     

基于输电网扩展规划的OPA模型

针对已有利用直流潮流模拟连锁故障的OPA模型在慢动态过程中模拟线路升级方式的不足,提出一种基于输电网扩展规划的OPA停电模型。该模型不仅在模拟过程中考虑了通过增加传输容量升级线路,而且采用了输电网扩展规划方法新建线路实现电网升级,使慢动态模拟过程更加符合实际电力系统演化过程。用蒙特卡洛抽样方法获取快动态周期内每回线路的...     

Pareto optimality-based multi-objective transmission planning considering transmission congestion

In the deregulated environment, transmission congestion is one major problem that needs to be handled in power system operation and network expansion planning. This paper aims to enhance the transmission system capability and have the congestion alleviated using the multi-objective transmission expansion planning (MOTEP) approach. A system congestion index called the congestion surplus is presented to measure the congestion degree of the transmission system. The proposed MOTEP approach optimizes three objectives simultaneously, namely the congestion surplus, investment cost and power outage cost. An improved strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) is adopted to solve the proposed model. A ranking method based on Euclidean distance is presented for decision-making in the Pareto-optimal set. The effectiveness of both the improved SPEA and the proposed multi-objective planning approach has been tested and proven on the 18-bus system and the 77-bus system, respectively.     

区间负荷下的输电网灵活规划方法

建立了区间负荷下的输电网灵活规划模型,该模型考虑负荷的不确定因素,以投资成本最小为目标,以正常情况和线路N-1情况下的网络安全为约束,求解该模型得到区间负荷下满足正常情况和线路N-1情况下系统安全的输电网规划方案。根据区间至多切负荷量的数值来判别区间负荷下电网规划方案的安全性和安全程度,使用改进的贪婪随机自适应搜索算法快速求解该模型。6节点系统和某实际77节点系统的规划结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

Optimization of Transmission Expansion Planning by Minimal Cut Sets Based on Graph Theory

Abstract—This research proposes a method based on the graph theory for transmission network expansion planning. The proposed method suggests an optimal investment cost for transmission network expansion planning by using the minimal cut sets based on the graph theory. On the basis of the oriented connected graph of an intent transmission network, this research aims to find the maximum power flows through the bottlenecks of the network. The main object function of the proposed algorithm is the construction cost of new lines, which needs to be added in parallel with the overloading lines of an existing transmission network. The major consideration is the load demand in the given future. This research uses three benchmark systems to illustrate the proposed method: Garver's 6-bus system (Garver system) the 24-bus and 21-bus IEEE reliability test systems. In a word, the Garver system is used to demonstrate the algorithm of the proposed method, and the 24-bus and 21-bus IEEE reliability test systems are tested by using the proposed method in many cases to compare the results and performance with those of recent studies. The findings of this research are of value to solve transmission network expansion planning problems.     

A new decomposition based method for optimal expansion planning oflarge transmission networks

A new method is presented for long-range transmission network expansion planning, based on the decomposition principle. The overall transmission expansion planning task is divided into two problems, the first one dealing with investments, and the second with operations. The investment problem is specified as the minimum cost problem of network programming, leading to the decomposition into the model of minimum load curtailment and the proposed model of the (local) marginal network. The operation problem is solved by applying the Monte Carlo simulation, with suitable control strategies and additional reliability constraints. The final result is the software package, verified on test examples, as well as on the real transmission network of the power pool of eastern Yugoslavia     

考虑直接负荷控制与风电不确定性的输电网扩展规划

需求响应项目的推广以及风电并网后电源侧出力的不确定性,给电力系统的输电网规划带来了新的机遇和挑战。为利用需求响应减少建线投资,建立了考虑直接负荷控制参与N?1预想故障潮流调整的输电网规划模型。采用基于历史数据凸包顶点的极限场景法处理风电不确定性,保证所建立的输电网规划模型为易于求解的混合整数规划问题。结合实际工程参数,基于改进的IEEE24节点系统进行仿真。仿真结果体现了直接负荷控制在缓解潮流越限、减少建线成本方面的作用,说明需求响应措施在保证系统运行安全性的前提下能够提高规划经济性,通过调整凸包范围能够有效调节所提模型的经济性与鲁棒性。     

考虑风电极限场景的输电网鲁棒扩展规划

随着风电并网渗透率的快速增长,系统的随机性和波动性显著增强。针对大规模风电并网给输电网规划带来的影响,文中以线路投资成本与运行成本之和最小为优化目标,构建了考虑风电接入的输电网扩展规划模型,并引入辅助松弛变量将模型转化为线性混合整数规划问题。在此基础上,提出了风电极限场景的物理概念,并构建了基于风电极限场景的两阶段输电网鲁棒规划方法,第一阶段为在线路投资扩展约束下决策输电线路的投建状态,以保证第二阶段的运行调节变量可以适应风电的随机波动。针对鲁棒规划模型的特点,采用基于Benders分解的两阶段算法进行求解以获得最优鲁棒规划方案。最后,通过Garver 6系统与IEEE RTS 79系统进行算例分析,验证了所提模型的有效性与可行性。     

Market-Based Coordination of Transmission and Generation Capacity Planning

We propose an ISO model for coordinating transmission expansion planning with competitive generation capacity planning in electricity markets. The purpose of the model is a holistic simulation of generation and transmission capacity expansion in the market environment. The solution represents an iterative process for simulating the interactions among GENCOs, TRANSCOs, and the ISO, which might be terminated by the ISO based on a pre-specified stopping criterion. The proposed model adopts a joint energy and transmission auction market and a capacity mechanism. The joint auction market enables competition to occur among generation and transmission resources. The capacity mechanism offers incentives for market participant investments that reflect the locational values of additional capacity. Transmission capacity expansion decisions are made by merchant transmission lines that recover their capacity investments through transmission marginal pricing and capacity payments. Transmission network security is reflected in the proposed competitive resource planning model. The examples illustrate a coordinated planning of generation and transmission in restructured power systems.     

基于离散多目标蜻蜓算法和改进FCM的风电协调输电网扩展规划研究

针对风电并网协调输电网扩展规划问题,提出一种基于离散多目标蜻蜓算法和改进FCM的风电协调输电网扩展规划方案。首先以投资建设成本、网损成本和弃风量为指标构建多目标风电协调输电网扩展规划模型。设计加权多核改进FCM算法,有效模拟风电空间分布多维运行时空特性。其次,提出柔性N-1安全校验策略,筛选出隶属度较低、出力和负荷较大的极端场景。设计离散多目标蜻蜓算法,提高算法多目标优化问题求解精度。最后,采用离散多目标蜻蜓算法对风电协调输电网扩展规划模型进行求解,提出最优规划方案确定策略。仿真实验证明了所提方法的有效性。     

电力市场环境下基于多智能体的多目标电网规划方法

网络阻塞费用是表征电力市场竞争程度的指标之一。提出了一种以网络阻塞费用、线路投资和由于传输容量不足引起负荷缺失最少为目标的多目标网络规划模型,依据分层求解的思想设计了基于多智能体的网络规划体系结构并用其对模型进行求解。初始规划层的母线智能体以降低阻塞为目标相互协商形成初始规划集并将其传送给决策规划层;决策规划层采用遗传算法在初始规划集中搜索规划方案,并进行N-1安全校验和阻塞校验,得到优化可行解。该网络规划体系是开放式结构,可以在知识库中考虑各种不确定因素。通过IEEE RTS-14节点算例仿真表明,考虑阻塞的网络规划能够以最少的投资费用为市场参与者提供公平的电能输送平台,最大限度地满足电力传送。     

基于遗传算法和微分进化算法的分布式电源优化配置

配电系统中,分布式电源（DG）安装位置的选择、额定容量的确定对于电网规划、设计和投资至关重要,以10节点配电网系统为例,采用遗传算法和微分进化算法对分布式电源进行了优化配置,建立了DG的不确定性模型,并将其加入到优化分析中,给出了优化算法的求解程序。对含DG的配电网进行了潮流计算,分析了DG容量与系统总网损的关系。算例分析结果表明,优化配置有效改善了配电网的电压分布,减小了网损,提高了系统负荷率,说明了该优化配置方法合理、有效。     

Benders分解技术在输电网络规划中的应用

提出了一种基于Benders分解技术的非线性混合整数规划模型,并将其应用于输电网络扩展规划.输电网络扩展规划中的目标函数是使新线路投资和运行费用之和最小,用Benders分解技术求解,可把原始问题分解为投资决策主问题和运行模拟子问题,通过交替求解投资决策主模型和运行模拟子模型可以得到原规划问题最佳规划方案.并对6节点Garver系统进行了仿真计算,结果表明该方法是正确可行的.     

考虑输电阻塞盈余的输电网双层扩展规划模型

电力市场的建立使发、输、配、售环节分离,电网规划将面临许多不确定的市场因素,电力市场环境下的输电网规划比传统输电网规划面临更多困难和挑战.文章提出了一种考虑电力交易信号的输电系统双层优化配置模型,上层模型主要考虑投资者的投资成本,下层模型则考虑线路阻塞下节点边际电价(locational margin price)数学...     

计及输电阻塞的帕累托最优多目标电网规划

在解除管制环境下,要求输电扩展规划有效缓解输电网络阻塞,文中分别以年阻塞盈余、线路投资费用和系统缺电成本为规划目标,基于帕累托(Pareto)多目标最优建立综合考虑阻塞问题、经济性和可靠性的多目标电网规划模型,并通过一种改进的强度帕累托进化算法(strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm,SPEA),实现对模型的求解。建立一种基于多维空间欧氏距离的排序方法,实现帕累托最优解集范围内的优化决策。18节点系统算例表明通过改进SPEA可以有效形成分布均匀的帕累托解集,并且所提多目标规划方法能够缓解和控制规划网络的输电阻塞。     

Interactive computer program for planning the expansion of meshed transmission networks

A scheme is described for the interactive development of expansion strategies for transmission networks in which stability and voltage considerations are not of prime importance. According to the planning methodology adopted, the transmission/generation system is to be reinforced when it can no longer feed the peak demand without equipment overload in a single contigency. Outages of generators are considered, as well as the outages of transmission lines and transformers. Generation can be redispatched in order to eliminate overloads. If this is not possible, the model minimizes the load curtailment and identifies the weak parts of the system. It also ranks the possible investments according to their effectiveness in reducing the load curtailment. The planning engineer can build, interactively, several expansion policies by successive investment decisions. The model computes the discounted costs of the various policies developed. The files containing the expansion policies created are also automatically managed by the interactive package.The scheme has been implemented in a package called Tranex which consists of two separate interactive computer programs. An example illustrating the application of the method via this package to the Yugoslav network is given, along with computer performance details and an overview of the program structure.     

变电站扩容和电池储能系统容量配置的协调规划方法

充分考虑电池储能系统（BESS）的充放电效益对变电站扩容建设的推迟作用,建立了变电站扩容建设和BESS容量配置的协调规划模型。新模型基于一个含风电场的典型地区配电网络及其日负荷曲线,考虑了购电费用和BESS与变电站扩容的综合投资运行费用目标,同时还考虑了BESS的充放电特点和网络的安全约束。其中对于变电站扩容容量包含给定待选与连续可调两种情况。该模型是一个多时段非线性规划问题,在变电站扩容容量为给定待选的情况下还包含整数变量,需将其转换为含互补约束条件的连续优化问题,再采用原对偶解耦内点法将其解耦为单时段优化问题进行协调迭代求解。算例结果表明该方法可以有效减小电网的扩容投资,并实现储能系统容量的优化配置。