改进粒子群算法的无功优化

通过对传统梯度算法和粒子群算法的研究,提出了将梯度算法和粒子群算法(GPSO)相结合的梯度粒子算法.建立了无功优化的数学模型,将梯度粒子算法运用到无功优化中,通过算例验证,梯度粒子算法能够获得更好的全局最优解,此表明该算法运用到实际中将有利于在线电力系统无功优化.     

Optimal power flow by a fuzzy based hybrid particle swarm optimization approach

This paper presents a fuzzy based hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem with uncertainties. Wind energy systems are being considered in the study power systems. OPF is an optimization problem which minimizes the total thermal unit fuel cost, total emission, and total real power loss while satisfying physical and technical constraints on the network. When performing the OPF problem in conventional methods, the load demand and wind speed must be forecasted to prevent errors. However, actually there are always errors in these forecasted values. A characteristic feature of the proposed fuzzy based hybrid PSO method is that the forecast load demand and wind speed errors can be taken into account using fuzzy sets. Fuzzy set notations in the load demand, wind speed, total fuel cost, total emission, and total real power loss are developed to obtain the optimal setting under an uncertain environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the OPF problem is performed on the IEEE 30- and 118-Bus test systems.     

基于粒子群-差异进化混合算法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统粒子群算法中收敛速度快但易于陷入局部最优等特点,将差异进化算法与粒子群算法相结合,提出了一种粒子群-差异进化混合算法。该算法在粒子寻优过程中除跟踪个体极值和全局极值外,还跟踪粒子差异进化产生的第三个值;同时,当粒子在某一维上的速度小于给定值时,将重新初始化该维度粒子速度。建立了无功优化数学模型,并将合算法应用到无功优化中。通过MATLAB编程对IEEE-30节点系统进行优化计算,并与遗传算法和粒子群算法比较,结果表明本文提出的算法应用于无功优化拥有较快的收敛速度和全局寻优能力,具有广阔的发展前景。     

应用粒子群优化算法求解可用输电能力

在电力市场环境下,诸多问题(例如实时电价、网络阻塞等)都需要最优潮流作为理想的工具.本文以最优潮流为基础,应用一种简单有效、且收敛性很好的演化计算算法--粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行可用输电能力(ATC)问题的求解.根据约束条件的越限量大小,动态地调整罚函数,在保证全局搜索能力的基础上改进了收敛速度.应用此算法对IEEE-30节点系统进行了可用输电能力计算,并与传统的最优潮流算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法的有效性,具有实用意义.     

Pattern synthesis of antennas based on a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm

In order to overcome the drawbacks of standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, such as prematurity and easily trapping in local optimum, a modified PSO algorithm is proposed, in which special techniques, as global best perturbation and inertia weight jump threshold are adopted. The convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm are improved. The test by some benchmark problems shows that the proposed algorithm achieves relatively higher performance. Thereafter, the applications of the modified PSO in the radiation pattern synthesis of antenna arrays are presented. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2006, 21(6): 873–878 [译自: 电波科学学报]     

Solution of optimal reactive power dispatch of power systems using hybrid particle swarm optimization and imperialist competitive algorithms

Management of reactive power resources is essential for secure and stable operation of power systems in the standpoint of voltage stability. In power systems, the purpose of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is to identify optimal values of control variables to minimize the objective function considering the constraints. The most popular objective functions in ORPD problem are the total transmission line loss and total voltage deviation (TVD). This paper proposes a hybrid approach based on imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) of power systems. The proposed hybrid method is implemented on standard IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems. The obtained results show that the proposed hybrid approach is more effective and has higher capability in finding better solutions in comparison to ICA and PSO methods.     

A real-time classification method of power quality disturbances

This paper describes a real-time classification method of power quality (PQ) disturbances. With an acceptable computation burden, both the elementary parameters of the power signal and the types of the disturbances in the power signal are obtained easily. The proposed method addresses the selection of discriminative features for detection and classification of PQ disturbances. Five distinguished time-frequency statistical features of PQ disturbances are extracted using RMS (root-mean-square) method and discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Using a rule-based decision tree (RBDT), the nine types of PQ disturbances can be recognized easily and there is no need to use other complicated classifiers. Finally, the proposed method is tested using the simulated waveforms. And some preliminary experimental results of the accuracy characterization of an initial development instrument are reported. The simulation and application results validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于PSO-MP算法和RBF神经网络的电能质量扰动识别

准确识别扰动信号类型对分析和治理电能质量问题具有重要意义。文中提出一种基于粒子群优化匹配追踪算法(PSO-MP)和RBF神经网络的电能质量扰动识别方法。首先,构建工频原子库将工频信号提取出来,得到的残余信号能更好地体现扰动信号差异性;再利用PSO优化匹配追踪算法以减小计算量,并结合离散Gabor原子库对残余扰动信号进行稀疏分解,准确提取其原子参数;最后将原子参数以及残余信号在原子上的投影的均值和标准偏差作为特征量,利用RBF神经网络对扰动信号进行识别。仿真算例表明,该方法能够有效地识别几种常见的电能质量扰动,且具有抗噪性能强、计算量小等优点。     

Design and allocation of power system stabilizers using the particle swarm optimization technique for an interconnected power system

In this paper, three particle swarm optimization (PSO) based power system stabilizers (PSSs) are developed for three power systems. The system under study here is a power pool consisting of 3 power systems. System I represents the Egyptian power system, system II represents the Jordan and Syrian power systems, and system III for the Libyan power system, which are originally self standing and completely independent systems. As a matter of fact each of them should equipped with its own PSS. For this reason this work is started by designing an optimum power stabilizer for each of them standing alone. After which, the developed PSSs are firstly installed one at a time. Then the three PSSs are installed together in the interconnected power system and their effect on its dynamic performance is studied.As a test for stabilization efficiency, the detailed power system model is subjected to a forced outage of a 600-MW generator, which is the biggest unit in the pool, when it is fully loaded. This outage results in loosing of about 3% of the spinning capacity of system I and about 2% of the spinning capacity of the whole interconnected system. The obtained results show an improvement in the power pool performance accompanied with an improvement in the inter-area oscillation.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电力系统无功优化

电力系统无功优化问题是一个多变量、多约束的混合非线性规划问题。提出了一种改进粒子群算法用以解决这一复杂优化问题。在改进的算法中,首先结合混沌优化思想对粒子群进行初始化,减轻了粒子初始位置的选择对算法优化性能的影响;在进化过程中引入了自探索行为,使得粒子的搜索过程更加符合实际;引入了变异机制及3种判断陷入局部最优的标准,当发现粒子群陷入局部最优时,通过变异,帮助粒子跳出局部陷阱,增加发现最优解的机会。给出了问题的求解方法,并对IEEE 6、14节点系统进行了仿真计算,实验数值对比表明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

Chaotic ant swarm optimization for fuzzy-based tuning of power system stabilizer

In this paper, chaotic ant swarm optimization (CASO) is utilized to tune the parameters of both single-input and dual-input power system stabilizers (PSSs). This algorithm explores the chaotic and self-organization behavior of ants in the foraging process. A novel concept, like craziness, is introduced in the CASO to achieve improved performance of the algorithm. While comparing CASO with either particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm, it is revealed that CASO is more effective than the others in finding the optimal transient performance of a PSS and automatic voltage regulator equipped single-machine-infinite-bus system. Conventional PSS (CPSS) and the three dual-input IEEE PSSs (PSS2B, PSS3B, and PSS4B) are optimally tuned to obtain the optimal transient performances. It is revealed that the transient performance of dual-input PSS is better than single-input PSS. It is, further, explored that among dual-input PSSs, PSS3B offers superior transient performance. Takagi Sugeno fuzzy logic (SFL) based approach is adopted for on-line, off-nominal operating conditions. On real time measurements of system operating conditions, SFL adaptively and very fast yields on-line, off-nominal optimal stabilizer variables.     

A novel approach to fuzzy wavelet neural network modeling and optimization

In this paper, an efficient approach of combining Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy system with wavelet based neural network is presented. The model replaces the constant or a linear function of inputs in conclusion part of traditional TSK fuzzy model with wavelet neural network (WNN), thus each rule uses fuzzy set to separate the input space into subspaces spanned by different wavelet functions. For finding the optimal values for parameters of our proposed fuzzy wavelet neural network (proposed-FWNN), a hybrid learning algorithm integrating an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gradient descent algorithm is employed. The two-layer inline-PSO process is proposed in this paper, whose adjustment scheme is more fitting the consequent pattern learning based gradient descent optimization and will locate a good region in the search space. Simulation examples are given to test the efficiency of proposed-FWNN model for identification of the dynamic plants. It is seen that our modeling and optimization approach results in a better performance.     

基于改进粒子群算法的PMU装置数量增加过程中的最优配置方法

针对现有电力系统相量测量装置(PMU)在系统中的最优配置问题,进一步考虑了系统发展过程中PMU数量增加的最优配置问题。以电力系统线性量测模型为基础,通过拓扑分析方法,以全系统可观为约束,以系统最大冗余度为目标,并使用改进的粒子群算法进行计算,实现PMU数量增加过程中的最优配置。通过算例证明了算法的有效可靠。     

Optimal placement of multiple STATCOM for voltage stability margin enhancement using particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes an approach for optimal placement of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) in power systems. The approach is based on the simultaneous application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and continuation power flow (CPF) to improve voltage profile, minimizing power system total losses, and for maximizing system loadability with respect to the size of STATCOM. Simulation results show the suitability of the PSO technique in finding multiple optimal solutions to the problem with reasonable computational effort. The installation of the STATOCM on these buses can increase the system voltage stability margin. The proposed technique is examined on the IEEE57 bus test system.     

基于改进PSO算法的电力系统无功优化研究

将粒子群优化算法(PSO)应用到电力系统无功优化问题的研究中,给出了具体的实施流程。为提高PSO的搜索能力,对PSO进行了改进,在算法中加入了第 3种极值指导粒子搜索方向,并引入了“飞回”策略。对IEEE-30节点系统的仿真计算结果表明了算法的有效性。     

基于混合粒子群优化算法的PSS参数优化

将一种新的进化算法—粒子群优化算法(PSO)应用到电力系统稳定器(PSS)参数优化当中,文中使用引入交叉操作的混合粒子群优化算法(HPSO),可以获得更好的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。先以低频振荡范围内(0.1~2Hz)PSS产生的附加阻尼转矩ΔTe与Δω尽可能同相位为目标优化PSS超前-滞后环节参数;再以小扰动时发电机功率和角速度振荡最小为目标整定PSS放大倍数。优化结果表明,HPSO算法可以有效地解决PSS参数优化问题。     

PSO加速寻优的免疫算法在配电网重构中的应用

提出了一种新的使用PSO加速寻优的免疫克隆算法用于配电网重构,以减少网损。高频变异和免疫补充算子的采用,能有效维持种群的多样性,避免算法早熟收敛。同时提出利用PSO更新个体的速度和位置,提高收敛速度。通过对PG&E69节点配电网络算例的仿真分析,进一步表明该算法具有较高的计算效率。     

用于配电网多目标无功优化的改进粒子群优化算法

针对配电网多目标无功优化的应用需求以及优化算法存在的收敛性和多样性问题,基于Pareto熵的多目标粒子群优化算法,提出一种应用于多目标无功优化的改进粒子群优化算法。该算法在全局外部档案更新过程中引入冗余集策略,避免迭代过程中陷入局部最优解。将算法应用于配电网无功优化中时,采用离散变量取整方法,加快算法的收敛速度。建立网损、电压偏差及无功补偿装置投资最小的配电网多目标无功优化模型,并以IEEE 33节点配电网络为算例进行仿真,结果表明改进后的算法兼顾了优化的收敛性和多样性,能够在不同的优化要求下得到有效的无功优化方案。     

Environmental/economic power dispatch using a fuzzified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm

The environmental issues that arise from the pollutant emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants have become a matter of concern more recently. The conventional economic power dispatch cannot meet the environmental protection requirements, since it only considers minimizing the total fuel cost. The multi-objective generation dispatch in electric power systems treats economic and emission impact as competing objectives, which requires some reasonable tradeoff among objectives to reach an optimal solution. In this paper, a fuzzified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (FMOPSO) algorithm is proposed and implemented to dispatch the electric power considering both economic and environmental issues. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing its performance with other approaches including weighted aggregation (WA) and evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. All the simulations are conducted based on a typical test power system.     

Balancing risk and cost in fuzzy economic dispatch including wind power penetration based on particle swarm optimization

Utilization of renewable energy resources such as wind energy for electric power generation has assumed great significance in recent years. Wind power is a source of clean energy and is able to spur the reductions of both consumption of depleting fuel reserves and emissions of pollutants. However, since the availability of wind power is highly dependent on the weather conditions, the penetration of wind power into traditional utility grids may incur certain security implications. Therefore, in economic power dispatch including wind power penetration, a reasonable tradeoff between system risk and operational cost is desired. In this paper, a bi-objective economic dispatch problem considering wind penetration is formulated, which treats operational costs and security impacts as conflicting objectives. Different fuzzy membership functions are used to reflect the dispatcher’s attitude toward the wind power penetration. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is adopted to develop a power dispatch scheme which is able to achieve compromise between economic and security requirements. Numerical simulations including sensitivity analysis are reported based on a typical IEEE test power system to show the validity and applicability of the proposed approach.