LACK OF ADVERSE INFLUENCE OF BLACK PEPPER, ITS OLEORESIN AND PIPERINE IN THE WEANLING RAT

Black pepper, its oleoresin or its active principle piperine fed to rats at doses 5 to 20 times normal human intake did not cause any adverse effect on: (1) growth, food efficiency ratio and organ weights; (2) RBC, WBC and differential counts; (3) the levels of blood constituents like hemoglobin, total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, sugar and cholesterol; (4) the levels of serum aminotransferases and phosphatases and (5) fat and nitrogen balance.     

EFFECTS OF DIETARY CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.) ON THE TUMORIGENICITY OF 1, 2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE IN MICE

Diets containing dehydrated cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were fed to weanling male C57 BL/6 mice for nine months. Diets known to be adequate in all nutrients for mice were modified to include ground dehydrated cabbage leaves to 0, 10, 20, and 40% of their diet while holding protein, crude fiber, and lipid at constant levels. The animals were subcutaneously injected with 20 mg of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) per kg body weight at weekly intervals for 36 weeks. The DMH carcino-genicity varied with the proportion of cabbage in the diet and the tissue. Diets containing 10 and 20% cabbage enhanced DMH tumorigenicity while cabbage at 40% provided a protective effect. Tumors on the spermatic cord were the most predominant with occasional occurrence of kidney and liver tumors. Tumorigenicity is discussed in terms of two hepatic enzymes, cytochrome p-450 and p-nitroanisole-o-demethylase.     

翡翠贻贝提取物对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

为探讨翡翠贻贝提取物对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。采用不同浓度翡翠贻贝提取物（EME）溶液作为饮用水喂养实验小鼠，然后测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血尿素氮（BUN）和肝糖原等指标。结果显示，20g/L的EME即可明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间，降低小鼠血清尿素氮，提高小鼠肝糖原水平，表明翡翠贻贝提取物对小鼠有抗疲劳作用。     

桦褐孔菌多糖对小鼠免役调节作用的影响

探讨桦褐孔菌粗多糖对正常小鼠和低免疫力小鼠免疫功能的影响.依据各实验具体分组进行试验观察该实验材料对小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、肝脏)、炭粒廓清指率和和血清溶血素含量的影响.桦褐孔菌多糖可显著提高小鼠免疫器官指数、吞噬指数和血清溶血素含量.结论:桦褐孔菌多糖有提高免疫功能的作用.     

HPLC法检测黑豆乙醇提取物中活性成分的含量

采用高效液相色谱技术（HPLC），建立快速、有效、能同时分析检测黑豆乙醇提取物中大豆苷、苷元、木苷、木素含量的检测方法。结果：在一定条件下流动相及其比例对各组分的分离测定有较大的影响，我们所确定的色谱条件为：固定相：C18柱，流动相：甲醇：水：乙酸为42：57：1，检测波长为260nm；标准对照品的浓度与吸收峰面积均有较好的线性关系，r〉0．99，各组分间分离度大于1．5；测得的黑豆乙醇提取物中大豆苷、染料木苷、大豆苷元、染料木素的平均含量（％）分别为：0．341、0．386、0．0929、0．0265。RSD（％）分别为3．49、5．12、10．0、4．94。HPLC法可同时检测黑豆提取物异黄酮中大豆苷、染料木苷、大豆苷元、染料木素的含量，而且方法简单、快速、精密度高、重现性好。     

OCCURRENCE OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN THE PROCESSING STAGES OF FROZEN PEPPER

The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a frozen vegetable processing factory was investigated. From May to October 2002, four separate visits were made to the plant and during all of these visits, a total of 216 samples were collected at different stages of the cube and strip pepper processing line. Additionally, 28 swabs were taken from equipment and food‐related contact surfaces. The cube and strip pepper processing lines include raw materials, washing, conveyor belt, scalding, cutting, sieving (drying), and the interior sieve of individually quick frozen (IQF), IQF and finished products. Swab samples were taken from the scalding tank, cooling tank, conveyor belt to IQF, interior part of IQF, mixing shovel of IQF, transport saddles and packaging materials. No Listeria spp. were isolated from the strip pepper processing stages, however, 26 out of 108 (24.1%) samples taken from the cube pepper processing stages were found to be contaminated with Listeria spp. Among these isolates, L. monocytogenes was not identified; however, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria innocua and Listeria ivanovii species were identified in 15, 6 and 5 of the tested samples, respectively. L. welshimeri and L. ivanovii were also isolated from three swab samples. These indicate that even though L. monocytogenes was not isolated, the presence of other Listeria species, particularly L. innocua, in the processing line would be an important criterion for eventual L. monocytogenes contaminations. Thus, periodic controls and application of general hygiene and sanitation principles are necessary in the prevention of possible contaminations.     

芦荟多糖对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

小鼠经库拉索芦荟多糖（APS）和四氯化碳处理后，分别用比色法测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平、硫酸巴比妥法测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量，并观察肝组织显微结构和超微结构的变化以研究APS对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验表明：APS对四氯化碳引起的小鼠急性肝损伤有明显保护作用。     

EFFECTS OF DIETARY PLANT CEREBROSIDE ON GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LARGE INTESTINE OF 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (DMH)-TREATED MICE DETERMINED BY DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS

The effects of dietary plant cerebroside on colon gene expression by DNA microarray analysis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated mice were investigated. After 9 weeks of feeding with DMH, decreases and increases in the levels of expression of 110 and 145 genes were detected, respectively. Especially, the expression of Soggy-1, which suppresses the Wnt signaling pathway, was increased, while that of Ras-associated protein, which induces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathway and is responsible for the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), was decreased. The results of the present study indicated that dietary cerebroside in DMH-treated mice regulates the Wnt signaling and MAP-kinase pathways, and prevents the development of ACF in the large intestine.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Dietary plant cerebroside increased expression of Soggy-1 mRNA, which suppresses the Wnt signaling pathway, and decreased expression ofRas-associated protein, which induces the MAP-kinase pathway in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated mice. The results of the present study indicated that dietary cerebroside in DMH-treated mice regulates the Wnt signaling and MAP-kinase pathways, and prevents the development of aberrant crypt foci in the large intestine, thus being of potential use for nutraceutical applications.     

如何应对五金行业发展的又一瓶颈——能源短缺

能源短缺已经成为世界性的难题.近几年我国经济进入了高速增长的新时期,这个时期的到来也意味着我们对能源需求的不断高涨.     

不同品种的南瓜多糖对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响研究

探讨不同品种的南瓜中提取的南瓜多糖(PP)对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响.选用浙江当地常见的有代表性的5种不同类型的南瓜及浙江大学自行培育的高出粉率南瓜,采用新的分离工艺从南瓜粉中提取得到PP,对其营养组成及降血糖效果进行比较.结果表明6种不同品种的南瓜粉主要营养成分不同,从中提取的PP降血糖效果也明显不同,其中PP2#与6#降血糖效果最显著(均P<0.001).结论表明:南瓜品种对其降血糖效果影响较大.     

COMPARISON OF THE FREEZE/THAW CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTARCTIC COD (DISSOSTICHUS MAWSONI) AND BLACK COD (PARANOTOTHENIA AUGUSTATA) — POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ANTIFREEZE GLYCOPROTEINS

The physical and sensory characteristics of frozen/thawed flesh from Antarctic and Black Cod were compared as a guide to the possible role of antifreeze proteins. These proteins are present in the serum of the former species, but not the latter. Thermal hysteresis and spicule formation were demonstrated in purified extracts from Antarctic Cod muscle, indicating that antifreeze glycoproteins were present. These phenomena were not observed in Black Cod extracts. Thin sections of Antarctic Cod muscle at — 10C exhibited many small ice crystals with well-expressed prism faces and evidence of spicular growth. With Black Cod sections, no spicular growth was evident. Clearly only Antarctic Cod muscle contained significant quantities of antifreeze glycoproteins. Black Cod muscle had a greater drip loss (8.5%) than Antarctic Cod (3.5%) following freeze/thaw. After 3 weeks frozen storage, thawed Antarctic Cod had a firmer texture than Black Cod and panelists found Antarctic Cod samples to be more flaky, juicier with a greater overall acceptability. Antifreeze proteins within muscle foods may reduce damage during frozen storage by inhibiting recrystallization.     

黑米清酒生产工艺的研究

以黑米、大米为原料,采用液态发酵法,通过正交实验,确定黑米清酒的最佳发酵条件,发酵液初始pH值为5.0:酒母添加量为5%;米曲添加量为0.2%.获得16°、口味协调、玫瑰红色的黑米清酒,并对黑米清酒的理化指标、感官指标进行了分析.